71.060 - Inorganic chemicals
ICS 71.060 Details
Inorganic chemicals
Anorganische Chemikalien
Chimie minerale
Anorganske kemikalije
General Information
This document specifies a thermal pre-ageing procedure for leather to obtain indications about the tendency to the formation of hexavalent chromium under specified conditions and the determination of hexavalent chromium according to ISO 17075-1 or ISO 17075-2.
This thermal pre-ageing procedure does not simulate any real condition in leather production or use.
It is applicable to all types of chromium tanned leather.
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ISO/TR 4277:2009 describes a conventional test for the evaluation of the free fluorides content of natural, artificial and recovered cryolite. This method is applicable to products having free fluorides content greater than 0,15 % (mass fraction) of AIF3 or 0,4 % (mass fraction) of NaF.
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ISO 20292:2009 covers materials for the production of primary aluminium. ISO 20292:2009 specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of dense refractory bricks to cryolite melt with excess sodium fluoride.
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This European Standard defines the specifications and the test methods for carbon black feedstock i.e. coal tar, coal tar fractions or coal tar distillates used for the manufacture of carbon black.
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This European Standard gives the specifications of and the test methods for liquid fuels derived from coal tar. The specifications also apply to shale oil, aromatic mineral oils, and lignite tar.
Preheating of liquid fuel oils according to this standard can be necessary for transport, storage, and combustion.
The mixing with fuel oils from other raw materials should be avoided.
This standard does not cover marine fuel applications.
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This European Standard specifies the requirements, acceptance tolerances and chemical and physical test procedures for lead oxides, considering litharges (powder or granulated), battery oxides (Barton or Mill) and crystal red lead. WARNING: Lead and lead compounds are toxic by inhalation and/or ingestion.
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A test portion is evaporated at ambient temperature and the oil contained in the residue is extracted with carbon tetrachloride. The oil contained in the residue is determined either gravimetrically by evaporation of the organic solvent and weighing of the residue or by spectrometric measurement of the absorbance of the organic phase at a wavelength of approximately 3.42 m. The gravimetric method is applicable to products having an oil content equal to or greater than 10 mg/kg. The infra-red spectrometric method, being more sensitive, is applicable to products having an oil content greater than 1 mg/kg.
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A test portion is evaporated in the presence of ethanediol and the water content of the residue is determined by the Karl Fischer method with direct electrometric measurement. The method is applicable to products having water contents equal to or greater than 50 mg/kg. For water contents greater than 1000 mg/kg it is preferable to dilute the evaporation residue with anhydrous methanol in accordance with ISO 4276 and titrate an aliquot portion of the diluted solution.
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A test portion is introduced into a solution of boric acid and the solution obtained is titrated with a standard volumetric solution of sulfuric acid in the presence of methyl red as indicator. The method is applicable to solutions containing not more than 35 % (m/m) of ammonia.
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A test portion is evaporated in a tared platinum dish and the residue is weighed after drying at 105 2 °C. The method is applicable to solutions containing not more than 35 % (m/m) ammonia.
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Specifies the apparatus and the procedure to be used. The procedure consists in removal of a sample into stainless steel cylinder, which has previously been cleaned, dried and evacuated and filling of the sampling cylinder with the stipulated quantity that is permissible with regard to safety. The filling shall never exceed 75 % of the capacity of the cylinder at ambient temperature.
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Applicable to products having Ca contents equal to or more than 50 mg/kg. The presence of soluble SiO2 up to 5 g/ml in the test solution does not interfere. Hydrolysis by boiling a test portion in hydrochloric acid medium. Addition of sodium ions, until a constant concentration is obtained, to stabilize the promotion and emission of Ca; addition of lanthanum chloride to increase the sensitivity of the method. Aspiration of the solution into a dinitrogen monoxide-acetylene flame. Spectrometric measurement of the absorption of the 422.7-nm line emitted by a hollow-cathode calcium lamp. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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Specifies a method based on the fusion of a test portion with sodium carbonate and boric acid and dissolution in perchloric acid solution, followed by formation of the ammonium molybdophosphate complex and extraction of the complex with isobutyl acetate. The solution is absorbed into an acetylene/dinitrogen monoxide flame and the molybdenum, and hence the phosphorus, is determined by measuring the absorbance of the 379,8 nm line emitted by a molybdenum hollow-cathode lamp.
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Complements the second edition of ISO 3139/1976.
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Covers a method applicable to liquid or solid products having mercury contents greater than 0,02 mg/kg. The principle of determination is based on oxidation of the mercury contained in a test portion to mercury(II) ions by potassium permanganate in the presence of sulphuric acid, reduction of the excess oxidant by hydroxylammonium chloride, reduction of the mercury(II) ions to mercury by tin(II) chloride, entrainment of the mercury in air or nitrogen, passage of the gaseous mixture through a measuring cell, and measurement of the absorption at a wavelength of 253,7 nm.
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Covers a method, the orinciple of which consists in preparing tablets from a mixture of the test portion and a binder and measuring the intensity of the K line emitted by the sulphur. The measured intensity is then compared with the intensity of emission of standard tablets of known sulphur content. The method is applicable to products having sulphur contents between 0,01 and 2 % (m/m).
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Applicable to the determination of losses equal to or more than 0.008 % (m/m). The principle consists in drying of a test portion at (105 1) °C for 6 h. The dried test portion is retained for the other determinations given in the annex. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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Applicable to products having contents, expressed as phosphorus pentoxide, of 0.005 % (m/m) to 0.05 % (m/m). The residue from the determination of the loss of mass according to ISO 5444 is used to prepare the test sample. Dissolution in dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid solutions. Formation of the yellow molybdovanadate and spectrophotometric measurement at a wavelength of about 420 nm. Calculation of the content from the measured absorbance.
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Contains guides concerning the procedure to be followed and the precautions to be observed for the taking, preparation and storage of samples with the view of assess their quality. Deals with the means of delivery, containers for taking samples, technical means for mixing and heating systems. Details the sampling of thermal-process and wet-process acids from large containers and mobile tanks and the safety measures. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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Applicable to products having a content, expressed as sulphur trioxide, equal to or more than 0.1 % (m/m). Bases on alkaline fusion of a test portion with a mixture of sodium carbonate and boric acid. Extraction of the fused mass with perchloric acid solution and precipitation of the sulphate ions with barium chloride in an acidified medium. Filtration on a fine-texture, ashless filter paper (pore diameter approximately 0.4 to 1.0 m). Calcination after drying in an electric oven at (850 20) °C. Weighing of the residue.
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Two cases are considered: sulphuric acid contents equal to or lower than 98 % (m/m) and sulphuric acid contents higher than 98 % (m/m). The principle is based on oxidation of a test portion with hydrogen peroxide and titration of the total acidity with a standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution, in the presence of methyl red as indicator. - Replaces ISO Recommendation R 910-1968.
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With respect to the free acidity, applicable to products having contents, expressed as H2 SiF6 , equal to or more than 0,1 % (m/m). First, determination of the free acid contents by titration of an ice-cooled test portion with a standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of potassium nitrate and using bromothymol blue as indicator, then, followed by titration at near boiling temperature with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution to the appearance of a permanent blue colour.
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Applicable to products having a Ca content of more than 50 mg/kg. Soluble SiO2 present in the solution at levels lower than 5 g/ml does not interfere. The principle consists in addition, to a hydrochloric acid solution of the test portion, of sodium ions to promote and stabilize the emission of calcium and of lanthanum ions to suppress the interference of aluminium. Specifies the aspiration of the solution into an acetylene-dinitrogen monoxide flame. Photometric measurement of the absorption of the 422.7-nm line emitted by a hollow- cathode calcium lamp. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.
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The principle consists in titration of a test portion with a standard volumetric solution of sodium hydroxide in presence of bromcresol green as indicator. Replaces ISO Recommendation R 904-1968.
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Applicable to products whether or not they are homogeneous and whether or not they contain polyphosphoric acids. Specifies preliminary hydrolysis of the polyphosphoric acids by boiling in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The precipitation of the phosphoric acid is carried out in the form of quinoline phosphomolybdate in the presence of acetone. Filtration by a filter crucible, washing, drying and weighing of the precipitate.
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Applies for the determination of natural and synthetic materials having a molar ratio sodium fluoride/aluminium trifluoride between 3 and 1,7 approximately. The method is applicable to products having an iron content equal to or greater than 0,020 % (m/m). The principle consists in dissolution of a test portion by either alkaline or acid fusion. Reduction of iron(III) with hydroxylammonium chloride, formation of the complex iron(II)-1, 10-phenathroline in a buffered medium at pH value between 3,5 and 4,2. Photometric measurement of the coloured complex at a wavelength of about 510 nm. Applies ISO Recommendation R 1694-1970.
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Applicable to products having As contents equal or more than 0.5 mg/kg. In a well-ventilated cupboard, dissolution of a test portion in carbon tetrachloride. Oxidation of sulphur by bromine and nitric acid. Heating in a boiling water bath to eliminate the exess of bromine, carbon tetrachloride and nitric acid. The analysis is carried out according to ISO 2590. The replacement of some reagents shall be noted.
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Specifies the procedure for the preparation of crude samples and dried samples and of natural and synthetic materials having a molar ratio sodium fluoride/aluminium trifluoride between 3 and 1,7 approximately. The crude sample is intended for the determination of geometric characteristics, for certain physical and physico-chemical tests and for moisture determination. The dried sample serves especially for chemical tests. The principle of the procedure consists in grinding followed by sieving of the sample until the whole passes through a sieve of mesh aperture 0,125 mm. Thorough mixing and drying at approximately 110 °C.
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Describes the preparation of the calibration graph and the dissolution of a test portion in concentrated sulphuric acid and heating on a hot-plate until the hydrofluoric acid has evaporated. Treatment of the residue with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Aspiration of the solution into an acetylene/dinitrogen monoxide flame and spectrophotometric measurement of the absorption of the 422.7-nm line emitted by a calcium hollow cathode lamp.
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Specifies methods of test for natural and synthetic materials having a molar ratio sodium fluoride/aluminium trifluoride between 3 and 1,7 approximately. The method is applicable to products the phosphorus pentoxide content of which does not exceed 0,02 % (m/m). The procedure consists in alkaline fusion of a test portion by means of a mixture of sodium carbonate and boric acid. Dissolution of the fused mass in excess nitric acid so that the pH value is between 0,7 and 0,9. Formation of the (Yellow) oxidized molybdosilicate under clearly defined conditions of acidity, temperature, time and concentration of reagents. Selective reduction in the presence of tartaric acid and measurement at a wvelength of about 815 nm.
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Applicable to products having acidities, expressed as H2 SO4 , equal to or more than 0.01 % (m/m). Describes the extraction of acidic substances with a mixture of water and propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol). Titration of the extract with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of phenolphthalein as indicator. The preparation of the sample from the laboratory sample is carried out by grinding a sufficient quantity of the undried material until it passes through a sieve of nominal mesh of 250 m.
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Specifies the determination for natural and synthetic materials having a molar ratio sodium fluoride/aluminium trifluoride between 3 and 1,7 approximately. The principle consists in fusion of a test portion with sodium carbonate, separation of fluorine by distillation with sulphuric acid or perchloric acid. Titration with thorium nitrate solution in presence of sodium alizarinsulphonate/methylene blue as indicator. Alternatively, the thorium nitrate titration may be made using only sodium alizarinsulphonate, the end-point being*spectrophotometrically determined at 525 nm.
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Applicable to products the F content of which is equal to or more than 0.5 mg/kg. Specifies the separation of the element from a test portion by steam distillation in a phosphoric acid medium. Formation of a blue-coloured complex with a combined reagent alizarin complexone/lanthanum nitrate in a buffered medium at the pH of 4.6. Addition of acetone to increase the stability of the complex and the sensitivity. Photometric measurement of the complex at a wavelength of about 600 nm.
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Applicable to products having a water content between 0.01 % (m/m) and 0.5 % (m/m). Is supplemented by ISO 3700 and intended for reference purposes. Bases on addition of a cooled test portion to cooled dry pyridine containing 5 % of anhydous hydrogen fluoride. The apparatus for measuring the test portion and titration and the measuring vessel are shon in figures. Subsequent electrometric titration of the water with the Karl Fischer reagent.
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Specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of moisture content of cryolite. Describes the principle, the apparatus, the procedure, gives the expression of results and the test report. An annex lists the ISO Publications of concern.
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Three cases, defined by a preliminary test, are envisaged: silicates containing neither sulphides nor chlorates; silicates containing sulphides; silicates containing chlorates. The method based on boiling of an acidified test portion containing methyl orange and with a lead paper strip in the vapour. The presence of sulphides produces blackening of the paper and the presence of chlorates decolorizes the methyl orange. Volumetric*measurement of carbon dioxide evolved from silicates containing neither sulphides nor chlorates by reaction with a hydrochloric acid solution. The principle for the oxidation of sulphides and the reduction of chlorates are specified.
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The principle of the procedure based on titration of a test portion with a standard volumetric hydrochloric acid solution, in the presence of methyl orange as indikator. The alkalinity is expressed as a percentage by mass of sodium oxide potassium oxide.
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The method is applicable when an agreement has previously been reached between the interested parties for the removal of two representative samples during filling of the tank-wagon at the manufacturer's premises. It cannot be applied when it is intended to determine the water content. The principle consists in checking that the equipment used is gas-tight; collection of the samples in steel bottles. One bottle is intended for the customer and the other is retained by the manufacturer in case an analysis is required for checking purposes. - Replaces ISO Recommendation R 1552-1970.
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Contains also titrimetric methods for determination of the total acidity, the hexafluorosilicic acid content and the non-volatile acids content and a method for calculating the hydrogen fluoric content. Specifies the scope and the field of application of these methods and declares the principle of the procedures. This second edition results from the incorporation of Addendum in the first one. Cancels and replaces the first edition ISO 3139/1974.
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Relates to crude samples intended for the determination of moisture content and dried samples for chemical tests. Processing by grinding and sieving until the sample passes completely through a sieve of mesh aperture 0.125 mm. Thoroughly mixing and drying and storing in a tightly closed container.
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The method specified are applicable directly to soluted mateials or materials soluble in boiling water. In case of solid chemicals not readily soluble in boiling water, a special preliminary treatment is necessary. Precautions shall be taken in order to avoid absorption of moisture and carbon dioxide. All tests and analyses shall be carried out at a temperature of 20 °C. In order to avoid incorrect results use only reagents of analytical grade. Replaces ISO Recommendation R 1686-1970
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The principle of the method consists in dissolution of a test portion and filtration of the solution through a tared filter. Washing of the insoluble matter at approximately 50 C until the washings are no longer alkaline. Drying of the residue and weighing. Replaces ISO Recommendation R 746-1968.
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The procedure is based on evaporation to dryness of a test portion previously acidified with hydrochloric acid. Dissolution of the soluble salts, filtration and washing of the insoluble matter. Second evaporation of the filtrate and washings under the same conditions, further dissolution of the soluble salts, filtration and washing. Calcination and weighing of the two lots of insoluble matter simultaneously. Volatilization of silica by heating with hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids and weighing of the residue after calcination. The*difference in mass represents the silica present in the test portion.
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The document specifies the formula for the calculation. In this ratio, only sodium oxide and potassium oxide combined in the form of silicates is considered. Replaces ISO Recommendation R 1689-1970.
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Specifies a titrimetric test method for the determination of the basicity of soluted material. The principle of the procedure consists in solution of a test portion in water, filtration of the solution and titration with a standard volumetric solution of hydrochloric acid in presence of methyl orange as indicator. Repaces ISO Recommendation R 740-1968.
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Applicable of products the SO2 content of which is equal to or more than 2 mg/kg. Based on the displacement of the sulphur dioxide present in the test portion by a current of pure nitrogen and absorption in a known volume of iodine solution. Titration of the excess of iodine with standard volumetric sodium thiosulphate solution. The diagram of the glass apparatus for absorption is shown in a figure.
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Application to products containing at least 98 % of elemental sulphur, expressed as a percentage by mass, of the product dried at 80 °C for 2 h. The difference between the ash and the residue corresponds to the "non-volatile bituminous matter" content at 200 °C. The principle of ashing consists in slow combustion in air of a test portion of the dried product. Heating in a furnace, controlled at 850 °C to 900 °C, and weighing. The determination of non-volatile matter is carried out by slow evaporation in a furnace, controlled at (200 10) °C, in a flow of nitrogen, of the volatile matter and the sulphur. Weighing of the residue after about 10 h.
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Based on hydrolysis of a test portion by prolonged boiling in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Precipitation of the phosphate ions in the form of quinoline phosphomolybdate in the presence of acetone. Filtration by means of a filter crucible, washing, drying and weighing of the precipitate.
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Specifies the heating of a test portion in an oven at 80 0C and the determination of the resulting difference in mass by weighing.
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