This document provides a guide for risk assessment and implementation of prevention and protection measures relating to additive manufacturing with metallic feedstocks (e.g. powders, wires,…). The risks covered by this document concern the entire process value chain, from the reception of the raw material to the output of the parts for delivery. The management of waste and discharges is also taken
into account.

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This document is the first of a series of seven documents which outlines the general principles to manage the various type of radioactive waste, and provides guidance for the practical implementation of those principles. The purpose of this document is to address the following: a) principles, objectives and practical approaches for radioactive waste management; b) outline of the structure of series from ISO 24389-1 through ISO 24389-7.

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This document provides guidance and requirements for risk assessment and implementation of prevention and protection measures relating to additive manufacturing with metallic powders.
The risks covered by this document concern all sub-processes composing the manufacturing process, including the management of waste.
This document does not specify requirements for the design of machinery and equipment used for additive manufacturing.

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This document focuses on monitoring the activity concentrations of radioactive gases. They allow the calculation of the activity releases, in the gaseous effluent discharge from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. Such facilities produce short-lived radionuclides used for medical purposes or research and can release gases typically including, but not limited to 18F, 11C, 15O and 13N. These facilities include accelerators, radiopharmacies, hospitals and universities. This document provides performance‑based criteria for the design and use of air monitoring equipment including probes, transport lines, sample monitoring instruments, and gas flow measuring methods. This document also provides information on monitoring program objectives, quality assurance, development of air monitoring control action levels, system optimisation and system performance verification.
The goal of achieving an unbiased measurement is accomplished either by direct (in-line) measurement on the exhaust stream or with samples extracted from the exhaust stream (bypass), provided that the radioactive gases are well mixed in the airstream. This document sets forth performance criteria and recommendations to assist in obtaining valid measurements.
NOTE 1 The criteria and recommendations of this document are aimed at monitoring which is conducted for regulatory compliance and system control. If existing air monitoring systems were not designed according to the performance criteria and recommendations of this document, an evaluation of the performance of the system is advised. If deficiencies are discovered based on a performance evaluation, a determination of the need for a system retrofit is to be made and corrective actions adopted where practicable.
NOTE 2 The criteria and recommendations of this document apply under both normal and off‑normal operating conditions, provided that these conditions do not include production of aerosols or vapours. If the normal and/or off-normal conditions produce aerosols and vapours, then the aerosol collection principles of ISO 2889 also apply.

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This document provides guidance and requirements for risk assessment and implementation of prevention and protection measures relating to additive manufacturing with metallic powders. The risks covered by this document concern all sub-processes composing the manufacturing process, including the management of waste. This document does not specify requirements for the design of machinery and equipment used for additive manufacturing.

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  • Standard
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This document focuses on monitoring the activity concentrations of radioactive gases. They allow the calculation of the activity releases, in the gaseous effluent discharge from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. Such facilities produce short-lived radionuclides used for medical purposes or research and can release gases typically including, but not limited to 18F, 11C, 15O and 13N. These facilities include accelerators, radiopharmacies, hospitals and universities. This document provides performance‑based criteria for the design and use of air monitoring equipment including probes, transport lines, sample monitoring instruments, and gas flow measuring methods. This document also provides information on monitoring program objectives, quality assurance, development of air monitoring control action levels, system optimisation and system performance verification.
The goal of achieving an unbiased measurement is accomplished either by direct (in-line) measurement on the exhaust stream or with samples extracted from the exhaust stream (bypass), provided that the radioactive gases are well mixed in the airstream. This document sets forth performance criteria and recommendations to assist in obtaining valid measurements.
NOTE 1 The criteria and recommendations of this document are aimed at monitoring which is conducted for regulatory compliance and system control. If existing air monitoring systems were not designed according to the performance criteria and recommendations of this document, an evaluation of the performance of the system is advised. If deficiencies are discovered based on a performance evaluation, a determination of the need for a system retrofit is to be made and corrective actions adopted where practicable.
NOTE 2 The criteria and recommendations of this document apply under both normal and off‑normal operating conditions, provided that these conditions do not include production of aerosols or vapours. If the normal and/or off-normal conditions produce aerosols and vapours, then the aerosol collection principles of ISO 2889 also apply.

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This document specifies a marking
— of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) with a view to minimizing the disposal of waste EEE (WEEE)
as unsorted waste and to facilitating its separate collection.
NOTE 1 This is in accordance with Article 14(4) of Directive 2012/19/EU (WEEE, recast)
— that serves to clearly identify the producer of the equipment and
— that the equipment has been put on the market after 13 August 2005.
NOTE 2 This is in accordance with Articles 12(3) and 15(2) of Directive 2012/19/EU (WEEE, recast)
— that applies to categories of electrical and electronic equipment subject to WEEE collection, treatment,
recovery and environmentally sound disposal as defined by European and national regulations, provided
the equipment concerned is not part of another type of equipment that does not fall within the scope of
above mentioned regulations.
NOTE 3 This is in accordance with Article 2 and Annexes I – IV of Directive 2012/19/EU (WEEE, recast) [1]
The definition of a technical carrier medium for machine based identifying the producer, such as a barcode,
electronic data medium or microchip, is not covered by this document.

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This document specifies requirements and recommendations for the packaging and labelling of rare earth ores, concentrates, compounds, metals and alloys that are intended for sale or free distribution. It defines the performance and structure of packaging, and specifies the information to include on the labelling. These requirements and recommendations are designed to ensure quality assurance, enhance safety and prevent environmental pollution during the transportation and storage of rare earth products. This document is applicable to packaging and labelling during transactions between companies. It does not include packaging by companies during storage in their own plant. The method of labelling defined in this document enhances safety by indicating properties of rare earth products and ensures appropriate management of the product by indicating the identity of suppliers.

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This document specifies methods of information exchange between waste handlers and recyclers for rare earth elements (REEs) contained in industrial waste and end-of-life (EOL) products. This document facilitates the efficient recycling of REEs so that dependency on mining can be reduced by promotion of REE recycling. This document also includes a generic life cycle of the REE recycling process.

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This document provides measurement methods for quantifying rare earth elements (REEs) in industrial wastes and end-of-life products in solid, solid-liquid mixture or liquid forms. It provides an overview of sample preparation and measurement of REEs in industrial waste and end-of-life products. WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not address any safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices.

  • Technical specification
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This document focuses on monitoring the activity concentrations of radioactive gases. They allow the calculation of the activity releases, in the gaseous effluent discharge from facilities producing positron emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals. Such facilities produce short-lived radionuclides used for medical purposes or research and can release gases typically including, but not limited to 18F, 11C, 15O and 13N. These facilities include accelerators, radiopharmacies, hospitals and universities. This document provides performance‑based criteria for the design and use of air monitoring equipment including probes, transport lines, sample monitoring instruments, and gas flow measuring methods. This document also provides information on monitoring program objectives, quality assurance, development of air monitoring control action levels, system optimisation and system performance verification. The goal of achieving an unbiased measurement is accomplished either by direct (in-line) measurement on the exhaust stream or with samples extracted from the exhaust stream (bypass), provided that the radioactive gases are well mixed in the airstream. This document sets forth performance criteria and recommendations to assist in obtaining valid measurements. NOTE 1 The criteria and recommendations of this document are aimed at monitoring which is conducted for regulatory compliance and system control. If existing air monitoring systems were not designed according to the performance criteria and recommendations of this document, an evaluation of the performance of the system is advised. If deficiencies are discovered based on a performance evaluation, a determination of the need for a system retrofit is to be made and corrective actions adopted where practicable. NOTE 2 The criteria and recommendations of this document apply under both normal and off‑normal operating conditions, provided that these conditions do not include production of aerosols or vapours. If the normal and/or off-normal conditions produce aerosols and vapours, then the aerosol collection principles of ISO 2889 also apply.

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The document defines the terms for rare earth minerals, oxides and other compounds, as well as for related production processes. This document can be used as a reference to unify technical terms in rare earth production, application, inspection, circulation, trading, scientific research and education.

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This document specifies the recycling information to be provided for rare earth elements (REEs) in industrial waste and end-of-life (EOL) products from manufacturers/producers to recyclers. It includes a classification system and forms for providing the recycling information.

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This document defines the terms for rare earth metals and their alloys, as well as for methods of preparation and purification. This document can be used as a reference to unify technical terms in rare earth production, application, inspection, circulation, trading, scientific research and education.

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ISO 19017:2015 is applicable to gamma radiation measurements on radioactive waste.
Radioactive waste can be found in different forms and exhibit a wide range of characteristics, including the following:
- raw or unconditioned waste, including process waste (filters, resins, control rods, scrap, etc.) and waste from dismantling or decommissioning;
- conditioned waste in various forms and matrices (bitumen, cement, hydraulic binder, etc.);
- very low level (VLLW), low level (LLW), intermediate level (ILW) and high level radioactive waste (HLW);
- different package shapes: cylinders, cubes, parallelepipeds, etc.
Guidance is provided in respect of implementation, calibration, and quality control. The diversity of applications and system realizations (ranging from research to industrial systems, from very low level to high level radioactive waste, from small to large volume packages with different shapes, with different performance requirements and allowable measuring time) renders it impossible to provide specific guidance for all instances; the objective of this International Standard is, therefore, to establish a set of guiding principles. Ultimately, implementation is to be performed by suitably qualified and experienced persons and based on a thorough understanding of the influencing factors, contributing variables and performance requirements of the specific measurement application.
This International Standard assumes that the need for the provision of such a system will have been adequately considered and that its application and performance requirements will have been adequately defined through the use of a structured requirements capture process, such as data quality objectives (DQO).
It is noted that, while outside the scope of this International Standard, many of the principles, measurement methods, and recommended practices discussed here are also equally applicable to gamma measurements of items other than radioactive waste (e.g. bulk food, water, free-standing piles of materials) or to measurements made on radioactive materials contained within non-traditional packages (e.g. in transport containers).

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This European Standard is applicable to the treatment of waste temperature exchange equipment and other WEEE containing VFC or VHC in refrigerants or blowing agents.
This European Standard applies to the treatment of temperature exchange equipment until end-of-waste status is fulfilled, or temperature exchange equipment fractions are recycled, recovered, or disposed of.
This European Standard addresses all operators involved in the treatment including related handling, sorting and storage of temperature exchange equipment.

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EN50574:2012 covering collection, logistics & treatment requirements for end-of-life household appliances containing volatile fluorocarbons or volatile hydrocarbons is currently in use.  In order to compare the collected results according to the described de-pollution efficiency assessment methodology it is necessary to develop normative requirements, such as targets, limits, characteristic numbers, monitoring requirements, sampling and analytical methods.

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This European Standard contains definitions of terms which are helpful for the communication within the aluminium industry, authorities and subcontractors dealing with the shipment, recovery or disposal of residues. It only contains residues which are specific for the aluminium industry. Residues which generally occur with identical inherent properties in other industries and private households are defined in prEN 13965-1.
This European Standard does not contain terms and definitions related to aluminium scrap; such terms and de-finitions can be found in prEN 12258-3.
The inclusion of a material in this standard does not mean that the material is a waste.
Definitions of general terms which are helpful for the communication within the aluminium industry are laid down in EN 12258-1.
A glossary (clause 8) comprises all terms in alphabetical order which are defined in this standard.

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This document specifies the process steps which are involved in the generation of the waste from footwear manufacture and the usual waste management practices. It also establishes a European list of the usual wastes generated during the footwear manufacturing process.
It can be applied to one specific product, a specific group of products, one specific production technology within the factory or to the whole production of a company.
NOTE   The nature of such wastes produced will depend on manufacturing processes, the type of shoe and the materials used.
The tool used to evaluate the effectiveness of the waste management is:
-   established directly from the production process or waste generated,
-   calculated for a specific product, a specific group of products or a specific production technology which shall be defined or the whole production of the company.

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ISO 6962:2004 specifies a method designed to check the long-term stability of a solid to alpha disintegration by detection of all modifications in the properties of an irradiated sample. The material favoured hitherto is a borosilicate glass, but possible alternatives include ceramics, glass-ceramics or other glass compositions.

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ISO 16797:2004 describes the Soxhlet-mode parameter test to assess the chemical durability of materials by measuring the initial dissolution rate in pure water. The measurement is performed at the boiling point of water, at which the dissolution rate is considerably higher than at room temperature. In most cases, the alteration phenomena are therefore significantly accelerated. The test is applicable to vitrified matrixes for high-level redioactive waste. The test described in ISO 16797:2004 is intended to measure the initial dissolution rate; it is thus applicable only to nonporous materials (or materials with small, closed porosity) for which the primary alteration phenomenon is a surface reaction mechanism (diffusion mechanisms are involved in the dissolution of porous media). The test results can therefore be compared only with findings obtained for nonporous materials if serious errors of interpretation are to be avoided. The resulting "initial dissolution rate in pure boiling water at atmospheric pressure" can be used to compare materials of the same type (e.g. oxides), provided their initial dissolution is governed by the same mechanism (e.g. surface reactions). This parameter test cannot be used to assess the long-term behaviour of a material, which generally requires several tests, modelling and validation, as described, for example, in Standard ENV 12920. This test is applicable to any glass, vitrified material (i.e. material resulting from a vitrification process) or nonporous oxide material with a morphology that allows the preparation of monolithic test coupons of known surface area. It determines the initial dissolution rate of the material in deionized water at the boiling point (approximately 100 °C) by analysis of the leaching solution and by measurement of the specimen mass loss.

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ISO 7766:2003 establishes a test method for the determination of hexacyanoferrate(II) (ferrocyanide) and hexacyanoferrate(III) (ferricyanide), referred to hereafter as Fe(CN)6, in photographic processing effluents. Results are reported as hexacyanoferrate, Fe(CN)6.

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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the total organic nitrogen, as well as any ammoniacal nitrogen, present in photographic processing wastes by the Kjeldahl method. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen can be determined in photographic processing wastes in the range of 10 mg/l to 200 mg/l as ammonia, or in the range of 8 mg/l to 160 mg/l in terms of nitrogen. If ammoniacal nitrogen (see ISO 6853) is determined separately and subtracted, the concentration of organic amino nitrogen can be established.

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This International Standard specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydroquinone in photographic processing waste. This method can be applied to samples containing hydroquinone in the concentration range of 200 μg/l to 4 000 μg/l; aminophenols and phenylenediamines should also be determined by this method. However, sulfonated hydroquinones or products from the further oxidation of benzoquinone will not be determined.

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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of ammonia and other volatile amines that can be liberated from photographic processing wastes by strong alkali, the results being expressed in terms of nitrogen. The method is applicable for the determination of the ammonia concentration of typical photoprocessing wastes in the range of 10 mg/l to 200 mg/l of ammonia or 8 mg/l to 160 mg/l of nitrogen. Other volatile amines are determined as ammonia, but their concentrations in photoprocessing wastes are usually very low.

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This European Standard gives guidance on methods for handling, inactivating and testing of waste containing organisms arising from biotechnology laboratory activities and processes. It is concerned with methods to reduce the risks arising from exposure to waste derived from laboratory-scale activities which contains organisms hazardous or potentially hazardous to humans, animals, plants or the environment.

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Gives two methods for the determination of boron in photographic processing wastes. The first method is the estimation of borates by titration of the boric acid-mannitol complex. Suitable for boron concentrations of 0,1 mg/l and higher. The second alternative method is a spectrophotometric technique using methylene blue which can be used in the concentration range of 0,1 mg/l to 1,0 mg/l.

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Three analytical procedures are given with two supporting sample treatment methodologies: a flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method and two potentiometric iodide titration (PT) methods. The choice of treatment is dependent on the analysis method and form of sample. The AAS method allows cyanogen iodide-treated or preserved samples to be analyzed directly, the PT method requires one of two digestion procedures given.

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2014-12-12: Corrigendum to rename EN 50574:2012 into EN 50574-1:2012.

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This European Standard defines requirements for the end of life handling, transportation, storage, sorting and treatment of WEEE household appliances containing volatile fluorocarbons, volatile hydrocarbons, or both. Furthermore, this standard only applies to WEEE household appliances that use heat-transfer media other than water e.g. refrigerators, freezers, heat pump tumble dryers, de-humidifiers and portable air conditioners. Discarded appliances covered by this standard will have been deposited at a collection facility as domestic WEEE.
The European Standard describes requirements for the removal of volatile fluorocarbons and volatile hydrocarbons. These substances can be found as refrigerant in the refrigerating system (partly dissolved in the oil) and as blowing agent in the insulation foam of discarded household appliances.
NOTE    This standard has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of Directive 2002/96/EC but does not preclude the procedures described herein from being used to treat appliances that are not commonly found in private households.
It defines requirements pertaining to producers, WEEE compliance schemes (acting on behalf of producers) and waste treatment facilities so as to ensure the provisions of applicable national laws resulting from European legislation are fulfilled. These requirements are intended to define procedures, parameters based on the best available technologies at the time of the publication; however, provisions laid down by national regulatory bodies will continue to additionally apply. This standard only describes the results to be achieved, it does not specify how they are to be achieved nor does it prescribe the use of any specific technology.
This European Standard does not generally cover collection facilities, nor does it cover how appliances arrive at these facilities. However, this standard does address the sorting of heat-pump tumble dryers from other types of tumble dryer, a task that could be performed at a collection facility.
This European Standard defines requirements relating to handling, transportation, sorting and treatment of WEEE covered by the scope of this standard. This standard does not include any activity prior to delivery to a logistic facility.

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This European Standard defines requirements for the end of life handling, transportation, storage, sorting and treatment of WEEE household appliances containing volatile fluorocarbons, volatile hydrocarbons, or both. Furthermore, this standard only applies to WEEE household appliances that use heat-transfer media other than water e.g. refrigerators, freezers, heat pump tumble dryers, de-humidifiers and portable air conditioners. Discarded appliances covered by this standard will have been deposited at a collection facility as domestic WEEE.
The European Standard describes requirements for the removal of volatile fluorocarbons and volatile hydrocarbons. These substances can be found as refrigerant in the refrigerating system (partly dissolved in the oil) and as blowing agent in the insulation foam of discarded household appliances.
NOTE    This standard has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of Directive 2002/96/EC but does not preclude the procedures described herein from being used to treat appliances that are not commonly found in private households.
It defines requirements pertaining to producers, WEEE compliance schemes (acting on behalf of producers) and waste treatment facilities so as to ensure the provisions of applicable national laws resulting from European legislation are fulfilled. These requirements are intended to define procedures, parameters based on the best available technologies at the time of the publication; however, provisions laid down by national regulatory bodies will continue to additionally apply. This standard only describes the results to be achieved, it does not specify how they are to be achieved nor does it prescribe the use of any specific technology.
This European Standard does not generally cover collection facilities, nor does it cover how appliances arrive at these facilities. However, this standard does address the sorting of heat-pump tumble dryers from other types of tumble dryer, a task that could be performed at a collection facility.
This European Standard defines requirements relating to handling, transportation, sorting and treatment of WEEE covered by the scope of this standard. This standard does not include any activity prior to delivery to a logistic facility.

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EN 50574:2012 gives the responsible take-back parties the task of defining target values. This Technical Specification provides applicable target values, characteristic numbers; sampling and analysis procedures, as well as monitoring and reporting requirements. Furthermore, this Technical Specification provides validation methodologies for tests and the daily business of the treatment plants as defined in EN 50574:2012.

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This European Standard defines requirements for the end of life handling, transportation, storage, sorting and treatment of WEEE household appliances containing volatile fluorocarbons, volatile hydrocarbons, or both. Furthermore, this standard only applies to WEEE household appliances that use heat-transfer media other than water e.g. refrigerators, freezers, heat pump tumble dryers, de-humidifiers and portable air conditioners. Discarded appliances covered by this standard will have been deposited at a collection facility as domestic WEEE. The European Standard describes requirements for the removal of volatile fluorocarbons and volatile hydrocarbons. These substances can be found as refrigerant in the refrigerating system (partly dissolved in the oil) and as blowing agent in the insulation foam of discarded household appliances. NOTE This standard has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of Directive 2002/96/EC but does not preclude the procedures described herein from being used to treat appliances that are not commonly found in private households. It defines requirements pertaining to producers, WEEE compliance schemes (acting on behalf of producers) and waste treatment facilities so as to ensure the provisions of applicable national laws resulting from European legislation are fulfilled. These requirements are intended to define procedures, parameters based on the best available technologies at the time of the publication; however, provisions laid down by national regulatory bodies will continue to additionally apply. This standard only describes the results to be achieved, it does not specify how they are to be achieved nor does it prescribe the use of any specific technology. This European Standard does not generally cover collection facilities, nor does it cover how appliances arrive at these facilities. However, this standard does address the sorting of heat-pump tumble dryers from other types of tumble dryer, a task that could be performed at a collection facility. This European Standard defines requirements relating to handling, transportation, sorting and treatment of WEEE covered by the scope of this standard. This standard does not include any activity prior to delivery to a logistic facility.

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ISO 14850:2004 describes a procedure for measurements of gamma-emitting radionuclide activity in homogeneous objects such as unconditioned waste (including process waste, dismantling waste, etc.), waste conditioned in various matrices (bitumen, hydraulic binder, thermosetting resins, etc.), notably in the form of 100 L, 200 L, 400 L or 800 L drums, and test specimens or samples, (vitrified waste), and waste packaged in a container, notably technological waste. It also specifies the calibration of the gamma spectrometry chain. The gamma energies used generally range from 0,05 MeV to 3 MeV.

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The principle of the test method specified is treating a sample of effluent, or diluted effluent, with a mixture of iron(II) and iron(III) ions. If Fe(CN)6 is present, a blue suspension will form. In the range of 1,0 mg/l to 10,0 mg/l, this suspension is stable and its absorbance is linear with its concentration. The absorbance is measured with a spectrometer, and the concentration determined from a previously established calibration.

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Describes a method for determining the total organic nitrogen and any ammoniacal nitrogen present in photographic processing waste. This amino nitrogen is converted to ammonia which is subsequently determined by absorption into boric acid in a microdiffusion cell along with any ammonia originally present.

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  • Standard
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Specifies a method for determining ammonia and other volatile amines that can be liberated by strong alkali from photographic processing wastes. The method is applicable in the range 10 to 200 mg/l of NH3 or 8 to 160 mg/l of nitrogen.

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The method can be applied to samples containing hydroquinone in the concentration range of 200 to 4000 g/l. Aminophenols and phenylenediamines should also be determined by this method.

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  • Standard
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Provided to measure the resistance to leaching of the solidified materials: glass, glass-ceramics, ceramics, bitumen, cement, concrete, plastics, the test being aimed at the comparison of different kinds or compositions, intercomparison between test results from different laboratories on one product or on products of different processes. It is not required to carry out tests in all possible combinations of variables but one appropriate set of standard conditions should be met.

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  • Standard
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Specifies a method designed to check the long-term stability of a solid to alpha disintegration by detection of all modifications in the properties of an irradiated sample. The solid is borosilicate glass or, as an alternative, ceramics or glass-ceramics and a two-phase mixture of glass beads dispersed in a metal matrix, made from adequate (stable) fission product elements spiked with appropriate tracers.

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  • Standard
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