23.100.10 - Pumps and motors
ICS 23.100.10 Details
Pumps and motors
Hydraulikpumpen. Hydraulikmotoren
Pompes et moteurs
Hidravlične črpalke in motorji
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IEC 62364:2019 is available as IEC 62364:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for: a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites; b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site; c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems; d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings; e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers; f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life. It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified; b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified; c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified; d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed; e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added. Key words: Hydraulic Machines, Hydro-Abrasive Erosion, Kaplan, Francis, Pelton T
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for determining the performance and the efficiency of water-hydraulic positive displacement pumps having continuously rotating shafts. This document provides test equipment, a test procedure under steady-state conditions and the presentation of test results.
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The purpose of this document is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures for
commissioning and operation of hydraulic machines and associated equipment, and to indicate
how such machines and equipment should be commissioned and operated.
Commissioning and operation of the associated equipment are not described in detail in this
document but is considered in the commissioning and operation procedure as a separate step.
Machines of up to about 15 MW and reference diameters of about 3 m are generally covered
by IEC 62006.
It is understood that a guideline of this type will be binding only if the contracting parties have
agreed upon it.
The guidelines exclude matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably
connected with the conduct of commissioning and operation.
The guidelines are not concerned with waterways, gates, drainage pumps, cooling-water
equipment, generators, motor-generators, electrical equipment (e.g. circuit breakers,
transformers) etc., except where they cannot be separated from the hydraulic machinery and
its equipment.
Wherever the guidelines specify that documents, drawings or information are supplied by a
supplier (or by suppliers), each individual supplier should furnish the appropriate information
for its own supply only.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures for commissioning and operation of hydraulic machines and associated equipment, and to indicate how such machines and equipment should be commissioned and operated. Commissioning and operation of the associated equipment are not described in detail in this document but is considered in the commissioning and operation procedure as a separate step. Machines of up to about 15 MW and reference diameters of about 3 m are generally covered by IEC 62006. It is understood that a guideline of this type will be binding only if the contracting parties have agreed upon it. The guidelines exclude matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably connected with the conduct of commissioning and operation. The guidelines are not concerned with waterways, gates, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, motor-generators, electrical equipment (e.g. circuit breakers, transformers) etc., except where they cannot be separated from the hydraulic machinery and its equipment. Wherever the guidelines specify that documents, drawings or information are supplied by a supplier (or by suppliers), each individual supplier should furnish the appropriate information for its own supply only.
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The purpose of IEC 60545:2021 is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures for commissioning and operation of hydraulic machines and associated equipment, and to indicate how such machines and equipment should be commissioned and operated. Commissioning and operation of the associated equipment are not described in detail in this document but is considered in the commissioning and operation procedure as a separate step. Machines of up to about 15 MW and reference diameters of about 3 m are generally covered by IEC 62006. It is understood that a guideline of this type will be binding only if the contracting parties have agreed upon it. The guidelines exclude matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably connected with the conduct of commissioning and operation. The guidelines are not concerned with waterways, gates, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, motor-generators, electrical equipment (e.g. circuit breakers, transformers) etc., except where they cannot be separated from the hydraulic machinery and its equipment. Wherever the guidelines specify that documents, drawings or information are supplied by a supplier (or by suppliers), each individual supplier should furnish the appropriate information for its own supply only. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1976 and the first edition of IEC 60805 published in 1985. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the focus is on the commissioning and operation of the hydraulic machine. Interfaces to the electric machine are mentioned only for a better understanding of the context;
b) the definitions of tests for commissioning and adjustable speed are updated to state of the art;
c) the record sheets ‘measurements during erection’ are excluded (see IEC 63132 (all parts));
d) the maintenance is excluded (see IEC 62256).
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This document specifies methods for determining the performance and efficiency of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions. It applies to components having continuously rotating shafts. This document specifies the requirements for test installations, test procedures under steady-state conditions and the presentation of test results.
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This document gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings;
e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers;
f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life.
It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues.
It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation.
Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydroabrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It isbeyond the scope of this document to address these issues.
This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can
also be applicable to other hydraulic machines.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62364:2019 is available as IEC 62364:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings;
e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers;
f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life.
It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified;
b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified;
c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified;
d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed;
e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added.
Key words: Hydraulic Machines, Hydro-Abrasive Erosion, Kaplan, Francis, Pelton Turbines.
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This part of ISO 10767 establishes a test procedure for measuring the source flow ripple and source
impedance of positive-displacement hydraulic pumps. It is applicable to all types of positivedisplacement
pumps operating under steady-state conditions, irrespective of size, provided that the
pumping frequency is in the range from 50 Hz to 400Hz.
Source flow ripple causes fluid borne vibration (pressure ripple) and then airborne noise from
hydraulic systems. This procedure covers a frequency range and pressure range that have been found
to cause many circuits to emit airborne noise which presents a major difficulty in design of hydraulic
fluid power systems. Once the source flow ripple and source impedance of hydraulic fluid power pump
are known, the pressure ripple generated by the pump in the fluid power system can be calculated by
computer simulation using the known ripple propagation characteristics of the system components.
As such, this part of ISO 10767 allows the design of low noise fluid power systems to be realized by
establishing a uniform procedure for measuring and reporting the source flow ripple and the source
impedance characteristics of hydraulic fluid power pumps.
In this part of ISO 10767, calculation is made for blocked acoustic pressure ripple as an example of the
pressure ripple. An explanation of the methodology and theoretical basis for this test procedure is given
in Annex B. The test procedure is referred to here as the two pressures/two systems method. Ratings are
obtained as follows:
a) source flow ripple (in the standard “Norton” model) amplitude, in cubic meter per second[m3/s],
and phase, in degree, over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency;
b) source flow ripple (in the modified model) amplitude, in cubic meter per second [m3/s], and phase,
in degree, over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency; and its time history wave form,
c) source impedance amplitude, in Newton second per meter to the power of five [(Ns)/m5]., and
phase, in degree, over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency;
d) blocked acoustic pressure ripple, in MPa (1 MPa = 106 Pa) or in bar (1 bar = 105 Pa), over 10 individual
harmonics of pumping frequency; and the RMS average of the pressure ripple harmonic f1 to f10.
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ISO 10767-1:2015 establishes a test procedure for measuring the source flow ripple and source impedance of positive-displacement hydraulic pumps. It is applicable to all types of positive-displacement pumps operating under steady-state conditions, irrespective of size, provided that the pumping frequency is in the range from 50 Hz to 400Hz. Source flow ripple causes fluid borne vibration (pressure ripple) and then airborne noise from hydraulic systems. This procedure covers a frequency range and pressure range that have been found to cause many circuits to emit airborne noise which presents a major difficulty in design of hydraulic fluid power systems. Once the source flow ripple and source impedance of hydraulic fluid power pump are known, the pressure ripple generated by the pump in the fluid power system can be calculated by computer simulation using the known ripple propagation characteristics of the system components. As such, this part of ISO 10767 allows the design of low noise fluid power systems to be realized by establishing a uniform procedure for measuring and reporting the source flow ripple and the source impedance characteristics of hydraulic fluid power pumps. In ISO 10767-1:2015, calculation is made for blocked acoustic pressure ripple as an example of the pressure ripple. An explanation of the methodology and theoretical basis for this test procedure is given in Annex B. The test procedure is referred to here as the two pressures/two systems method. Ratings are obtained as follows: a) source flow ripple (in the standard "Norton" model) amplitude, in cubic meter per second[m3/s], and phase, in degree, over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency; b) source flow ripple (in the modified model) amplitude, in cubic meter per second [m3/s], and phase, in degree, over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency; and its time history wave form, c) source impedance amplitude, in Newton second per meter to the power of five [(Ns)/m5]., and phase, in degree, over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency; d) blocked acoustic pressure ripple, in MPa (1 MPa = 106 Pa) or in bar (1 bar = 105 Pa), over 10 individual harmonics of pumping frequency; and the RMS average of the pressure ripple harmonic f1 to f10.
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IEC 62364:2013 serves to present data on particle abrasion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites; develop guidelines for the methods of minimizing particle abrasion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include:
- details such as hydraulic profile shapes which should be determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
- develop guidelines based on "experience data" concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with particle abrasion problems;
- develop guidelines concerning the maintainability of abrasion resistant materials and hard facing coatings;
- develop guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers
- and develop guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life. It is assumed that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this Guide to address these issues. It is assumed that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and abrasion may reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus abrasion erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting abrasion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this guide to assess it, except to recommend that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water may impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage may in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and abrasion. Abrasion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this Guide to address these issues. Key words: hydraulic, turbines, hydro-abrasive erosion
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ISO 8426:2008 specifies the methods of determining the derived capacity of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps and motors under steady-state conditions and at defined, continuous shaft rotational frequencies. Units can be tested as a positive displacement pump, with mechanical energy applied to the shaft and hydraulic energy obtained at the outlet fluid connection, or as a motor, with hydraulic energy supplied to the inlet fluid connection and mechanical energy obtained at the shaft.
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Provides a basis for the formulation of guarantees applied to cavitation pitting for reaction hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. It addresses the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified machine components for given conditions, which are defined in the contract by output, specific hydraulic energy (E), speed, material, operation, etc. The cavitation-pitting evaluation is based on the loss of material during a given time and under accurately defined operating conditions. All wetted surfaces are considered
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ISO 17599:2003 specifies methods for determining the steady-state performance characteristics and dynamic performance characteristics of positive-displacement electrically and electronically controlled hydraulic pumps, so as to allow comparison of the performance of different components.
Pumps covered by ISO 17599:2003 have the capacity to affect changes in the output flow or pressure in proportion to the electrical or electronic input signals. These pumps can be of the load-sensing control type, servo-control type, or electrical variable displacement mechanism type, which control output flow and output pressure by feedback using electrical signals.
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ISO 16902-1:2003 establishes a test code based on ISO 9614-1 and ISO 9614-2 for determining the sound power levels of a hydraulic fluid power pump under controlled conditions of installation and operation. The sound power level will include sound power radiated by any piping within the measurement surface. ISO 16902-1:2003 is suitable for providing a basis for comparing the airborne noise levels of any type of pump that is normally used to convert rotary mechanical power to hydraulic fluid power, incorporating valves, solenoids, drive gears, couplings or any other auxiliary device normally fitted in service.
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IEC 60609-1:2004 provides a basis for the formulation of guarantees applied to cavitation pitting for reaction hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. It addresses the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified machine components for given conditions, which are defined in the contract by output, specific hydraulic energy (E), speed, material, operation, etc. The cavitation-pitting evaluation is based on the loss of material during a given time and under accurately defined operating conditions. All wetted surfaces are considered
- Standard41 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
ISO 17599:2003 specifies methods for determining the steady-state performance characteristics and dynamic performance characteristics of positive-displacement electrically and electronically controlled hydraulic pumps, so as to allow comparison of the performance of different components. Pumps covered by ISO 17599:2003 have the capacity to affect changes in the output flow or pressure in proportion to the electrical or electronic input signals. These pumps can be of the load-sensing control type, servo-control type, or electrical variable displacement mechanism type, which control output flow and output pressure by feedback using electrical signals.
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ISO 16902-1:2003 establishes a test code based on ISO 9614-1 and ISO 9614-2 for determining the sound power levels of a hydraulic fluid power pump under controlled conditions of installation and operation. The sound power level will include sound power radiated by any piping within the measurement surface. ISO 16902-1:2003 is suitable for providing a basis for comparing the airborne noise levels of any type of pump that is normally used to convert rotary mechanical power to hydraulic fluid power, incorporating valves, solenoids, drive gears, couplings or any other auxiliary device normally fitted in service.
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This part of ISO 3019 specifies sizes and dimensions and establishes an identification code for the two- and fourbolt
mounting flanges and the shaft ends of positive-displacement, rotary hydraulic fluid power pumps and motors.
It is applicable to cylindrical keyed shaft ends with an external thread, as well as to those without a thread, to
conical keyed shaft ends with an external thread and to 30° involute spline shaft ends.
NOTE Involute spline is in accordance with SAE J744 [1].
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This part of ISO 4392 specifies two test methods for determining the startability of rotary hydraulic motors. It describes two comparable methods of measurement, namely the constant torque method and the constant pressure method. Since the results obtained by these two methods are equivalent, no preference is given to either.
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This part of ISO 4392 describes a method of determining the low speed characteristics of positive displacement rotary fluid power motors, of either fixed or variable displacement types. The method involves testing at slow speeds which may generate frequencies having a significant influence upon the steady continuous torque output of the motor and affect the system to which the motor would be connected.
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Establishes suitable procedures for commissioning, operating and maintaining hydraulic turbines and associated equipment. Applies to impulse and reaction turbines of all types, and especially to large turbines directly coupled to electric generators. Also applies to pump-turbines when operating as turbines, and water conduits, gates, valves, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, etc., where they cannot be separated from the turbine and its equipment.
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This part of ISO 3019 specifies sizes and dimensions and establishes an identification code for the two- and fourbolt mounting flanges and the shaft ends of positive-displacement, rotary hydraulic fluid power pumps and motors. It is applicable to cylindrical keyed shaft ends with an external thread, as well as to those without a thread, to conical keyed shaft ends with an external thread and to 30° involute spline shaft ends. NOTE Involute spline is in accordance with SAE J744 [1].
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Establishes a test code describing procedures based on ISO 2204. Applies to all types of fluid power motors. Guidelines for application are given in annex C. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1984). Annexes C and D are for information only.
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Establishes a test code describing procedures based on ISO 2204. Applies to all types of fluid power pumps. Guidelines for application are given in annex C. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1979). Annexes C and D are for information only.
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Describes a method of determining the low-speed characteristics of positive-displacement rotary fluid power motors under constand flow and constant torque conditions. The method involves testing at slow speeds, which may generate frequencies having a significant influence upon the steady continuous torque output of the motor and affect the system to which the motor would be connected. The accuracy of measurement is divided into three classes, A, B and C, which are explained in annex A.
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This part closely follows the methods described in the two other parts, but allows the use of alternative pump mounting and drive configurations which are simpler and cheaper to implement in an anechoic chamber. May also be applied to test motors.
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Establishes the geometric displacements of pumps and motors having rotating or oscillating drives, and is also applicable to variable displacement units; in such cases, the values refer to the maximum displacement. The displacements specified may be used to derive other basic design criteria and normal ratings. Tabulates nominal values for diplacements from 0,1 up to and including 9000 millilitres per revolution.
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Describes and systematically defines the principal technical characteristics, and allots letter symbols to these characteristics, and indicates how they can be more clearly defined by suffixes corresponding to particulate cases. Lists also an analysis of parameter dimensions. Gives examples for the use of symbols with suffix, and includes definition of terms without symbols.
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Specifies methods for any size and type of impulse or reaction turbine, storage pump or pump turbine. Determines whether the contract guarantees have been fulfilled and deals with the rules governing these tests as well as the methods of computing the results and the content and style of the final report.
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Describes a method of determining the low-speed characteristics of positive-displacement rotary fluid power motors under constand flow and constant torque conditions. The method involves testing at slow speeds, which may generate frequencies having a significant influence upon the steady continuous torque output of the motor and affect the system to which the motor would be connected. The accuracy of measurement is divided into three classes, A, B and C, which are explained in annex A.
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Establishes a test code describing procedures based on ISO 2204. Applies to all types of fluid power pumps. Guidelines for application are given in annex C. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1979). Annexes C and D are for information only.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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Establishes a test code describing procedures based on ISO 2204. Applies to all types of fluid power motors. Guidelines for application are given in annex C. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1984). Annexes C and D are for information only.
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- Standard20 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This part closely follows the methods described in the two other parts, but allows the use of alternative pump mounting and drive configurations which are simpler and cheaper to implement in an anechoic chamber. May also be applied to test motors.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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Describes and systematically defines the principal technical characteristics, and allots letter symbols to these characteristics, and indicates how they can be more clearly defined by suffixes corresponding to particulate cases. Lists also an analysis of parameter dimensions. Gives examples for the use of symbols with suffix, and includes definition of terms without symbols.
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Establishes the geometric displacements of pumps and motors having rotating or oscillating drives, and is also applicable to variable displacement units; in such cases, the values refer to the maximum displacement. The displacements specified may be used to derive other basic design criteria and normal ratings. Tabulates nominal values for diplacements from 0,1 up to and including 9000 millilitres per revolution.
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IEC 62364:2013 serves to present data on particle abrasion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites; develop guidelines for the methods of minimizing particle abrasion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include: - details such as hydraulic profile shapes which should be determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site; - develop guidelines based on 'experience data' concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with particle abrasion problems; - develop guidelines concerning the maintainability of abrasion resistant materials and hard facing coatings; - develop guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers - and develop guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life. It is assumed that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this Guide to address these issues. It is assumed that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and abrasion may reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus abrasion erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting abrasion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this guide to assess it, except to recommend that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water may impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage may in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and abrasion. Abrasion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this Guide to address these issues. Key words: hydraulic, turbines, hydro-abrasive erosion
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Specifies a precision method for the determination of pressure ripple levels and source impedance generated in hydraulic fluid power systems and components by positive-displacement hydraulic pumps.
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Specifies the methods for determining the derived capacity under steady-state conditions and at defined, continuously rotating shaft speeds. The unit may be tested as a pump, with mechanical energy applied to the shaft and hydraulic energy obtained at the fluid connections, or as a motor, with the hydraulic energy supplied to the fluid connections and mechanical energy obtained at the shaft. Accuracy of measurement is divided into three classes (A, B, and C) which are explained in annex A.
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Specifies methods for determining the performance and efficiency of equipment, and applies to components having continuously rotating shafts. Describes requirements for test installations, test procedures, and the presentation of test results. Annex A gives guidance as to the use of practical units, annex B contains information on errors and classes of measurement accuracy, and annex C provides a pretest checklist of those items on which agreement is recommended between the parties concerned.
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This part describes a method of determining the characteristics of motors, of either fixed or variable displacement types. The accuracy of measurements is divided into 3 classes, A, B, and C which are explained in annex A. Figure 1 shows a typical test circuit for bidirectional motor. The informative annex B contains the bibliography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1988).
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This part specifies two test methods for hydraulic motors. Describes two comparable methods of measurement, namely the constant torque method and the constant pressure method. The accuracy of measurements is divided into 3 classes, A, B, and C which are explained in the normative annex A. The normative annex B includes the classes of measurement accuracy, and the normative annex C contains the use of practical units. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1988).
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Serves as a basis for the formulation of guarantees applying to cavitation pitting, and also for the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified parts of a given machine.
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ISO 4409:2007 specifies methods for determining the performance and efficiency of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps, motors and integral transmissions. It applies to components having continuously rotating shafts. ISO 4409:2007 specifies the requirements for test installations, test procedures under steady-state conditions and the presentation of test results.
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