This document provides information about cast iron materials so that users and designers are in a better position to understand cast iron as a design material in its own right and to correctly specify cast iron for suitable applications. This document suggests what can be achieved, and what is not achievable when cast irons are specified as well as the reasons why. It is not designed to be a textbook of cast iron metallurgy. It is intended to help people to choose the correct material for the right reasons and to also help to obviate the specification or expectation of unrealistic additional requirements, which are unlikely to be met and which can be detrimental to the intended application.

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This International Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cobalt content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to cobalt contents between 0,003 % (m/m) and 5,0 % (m/m).

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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons. This document specifies five grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties determined on machined test pieces prepared from: — separately cast samples, side-by-side cast or cast-on samples; — samples cut from a casting. This document also specifies two grades by a classification as a function of hardness.

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  • Standard
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1 Scope This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings that have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by any of the following: a) the tensile strength of cast samples; b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting; c) if agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the hardness of the material determined on castings or on a cast-on knob. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of tensile strength from option a) or option b) and plus hardness from option c) can be specified. Information on specifying a combination of tensile strength and hardness is given in Annex B. This document specifies eight grades of grey cast iron according to tensile strength (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron according to Brinell hardness (see Table 2). This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and pipe fittings and continuous cast products. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for grey iron castings. NOTE General information on the engineering properties of grey cast irons is provided in ISO/TR 10809-1.

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  • Standard
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This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.

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This document defines grades and the corresponding requirements for malleable cast irons.
This document specifies five grades of whiteheart malleable cast iron and nine grades of blackheart malleable cast iron, based on mechanical properties measured on cast samples (which are test pieces).
This document specifies Brinell hardness values determined only when these values are requested by the purchaser.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for malleable cast iron castings. Reference should be made to EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4].
This document does not cover chemical composition, except phosphorus (see Clause 6).

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This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by
comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It
is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular
application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of
austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation
of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the
requirements specified in the relevant material standard.

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This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis. The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application. The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.

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This document specifies a test method for evaluating nodularity in spheroidal graphite cast irons by comparative visual analysis and image analysis techniques. This document provides figures for different levels of nodularity and graphite particle count of spheroidal graphite cast irons for visual analysis.

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This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This European Standard specifies 2 groups of spheroidal graphite cast iron grades by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. The first group deals mainly with ferritic to pearlitic grades. The second group deals with solid-solution strengthened ferritic grades.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4]).
This European Standard does not cover:
-   ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 1564 [7];
-   low alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 16124 [8];
-   continuous cast iron bars which are specified in EN 16482 [7];
-   austenitic cast irons which are specified in EN 13835 [8];
-   spheroidal graphite cast irons used for pipes, fittings and their joints which are the subject of EN 545 [11], EN 598 [12] and EN 969 [13];
-   the grades of spheroidal graphite cast irons as specified in EN 545 which are used for products such as industrial valves, non-industrial manually operated shut-off valves and flanges and their joints, which are the subject of the applicable European product standards.

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This draft European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This draft European Standard specifies 2 groups of spheroidal graphite cast iron grades by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. The first group deals mainly with ferritic to pearlitic grades. The second group deals with solid-solution strengthened ferritic grades.
This draft European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [3] and EN 1559 3 [4]).
This draft European Standard does not cover all aspects of:
-   ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 1564 [5];
-   low alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are specified in EN 16124 [6];
-   continuous cast iron bars which are specified in EN 16482 [7];
-   austenitic cast irons which are specified in EN 13835 [8];
-   spheroidal graphite cast irons used for pipes, fittings and their joints which are the subject of EN 545 [9], EN 598 [10] and EN 969 [11];
-   the grades of spheroidal graphite cast irons as specified in EN 545 which are used for products such as industrial valves, non-industrial manually operated shut-off valves and flanges and their joints, which are the subject of the applicable European product standards.

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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for spheroidal graphite cast irons. This document specifies two groups of spheroidal graphite cast iron grades by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. The first group deals mainly with ferritic to pearlitic grades. The second group deals with solid-solution strengthened ferritic grades. This document also gives an informative classification as a function of hardness. This document does not apply to the following: — spheroidal graphite cast irons used for pipes, fittings and accessories which are specified in accordance with ISO 2531 and ISO 7186; — highly alloyed (austenitic) spheroidal cast irons which are specified in accordance with ISO 2892; — ausferritic cast irons which are specified in accordance with ISO 17804.

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ISO 16112:2016 specifies five grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons. ISO 16112:2016 specifies five grades based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from - separately cast samples, - side-by-side cast samples, - cast-on samples, or - samples cut from a casting.

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ISO/TS 10719:2016 specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of non-combined carbon content in cast irons. The method is applicable to non-combined carbon contents between 1,0 % (mass fraction) and 3,0 % (mass fraction). Elements ordinarily present do not interfere. However, some alloyed cast irons, when extensively heat treated, contain carbides that are not soluble when using this method and may give high values for non-combined carbon.

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ISO/TR 945-3:2016 gives the designations, descriptions and reference micrographs of the matrix structures of cast irons. It applies to the following types of cast irons: - grey cast irons (Table 4.1); - spheroidal graphite cast irons (Table 4.2); - austenitic cast irons (Table 4.3); - malleable cast irons (Table 4.4); - compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons (Table 4.5); - ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons (Table 4.6); - abrasion-resistant cast irons (Table 4.7). Each matrix structure is defined with explanations and micrographs. Unless otherwise stated in Clause 4, the micrographs shown correspond to samples etched with a solution of 2 % nitric acid in ethanol (Nital).

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This European Standard defines the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a)   the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b)   the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) may be specified.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This European Standard specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This European Standard specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [1] and EN 1559 3 [2]).

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ISO 16078:2013 gives the classification and designation of casting imperfections. It mainly applies to iron castings produced in sand moulds. It can, however, also be applied for other cast materials and other casting techniques. In order to avoid any confusion, the types of imperfection are defined with explanations and illustrations where necessary.

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This European Standard specifies the grades and corresponding requirements for austenitic cast irons. These requirements are specified in terms of:
graphite form and metal structure: either flake or spheroidal graphite in an austenitic matrix;
chemical composition: as given for each of the grades;
mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559-1 [1] and
EN 1559-3 [2].

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This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for low-alloyed ferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons for elevated temperature applications.
These requirements are specified in terms of
   chemical composition: as given for each of the grades,
   graphite form and metal structure: spheroidal graphite in a predominantly ferritic matrix,
   mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559 1 [1] and EN 1559 3 [2].

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This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This European Standard specifies 5 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).

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This European Standard specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a)   the tensile strength of cast samples, or
b)   the hardness measured on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) may be specified.
This European Standard specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and
EN 1559-3 [4].
This European Standard does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].

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This European Standard specifies the grades and corresponding requirements of austenitic cast irons. These requirements are specified in terms of: - graphite form and metal structure: either flake or spheroidal graphite in an austenitic matrix; - chemical composition: as given for each of the grades; - mechanical properties: obtained from separately cast samples.

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This Technical Report describes an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of Al, Ti and P contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Al content between 0,2 and 2 %;
- Ti content between 0,02 and 0,25 %;
- P content between 0,005 and 0,05 %.
This Technical Report also describes the general requirements for analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, the preparation and dissolution of the test sample and the method of calculation of the results.
The procedure is valid for the analytical lines given in Table 1. This table also gives, for each line, the spectral interferences, which must be accurately corrected.
NOTE   The interferences extend as well as other possible interferences depend on the temperature in the plasma and on the optical resolution of the spectrometer used.
Table 1 - Spectral lines suggested together with the interferences which shall be corrected
Element   Wavelength (nm)   Interferences
Al   308,22   V
Ti   337,28   V, Ni
P   178,29   Mo

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This Technical Report describes a X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometric method for the determination of Si and Al contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Si content between 40 and 90 %;
- Al content between 0,5 and 6 %.
The Technical Report specifies the general requirements for analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the preparation of the test sample.
The correction of the spectrometric measurement from spectral interferences on the analytical lines used is essential. This Technical Report is valid for the analytical lines:
- Si Kα 7.126 (for element contents between 45 and 90 %);
- Al Kα 8.339 (for element contents between 0,8 and 6 %);
- Fe Kα 1.937 (for element contents between 10 and 58 %).
NOTE   For matrix matching purposes, iron is included in the analytical program to be prepared.
Within the conditions here above, spectral interferences don’t need to be calculated.

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This Technical Report describes an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric method for the determination of Al, Ti and P contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Al content between 0,2 and 2 %;
- Ti content between 0,02 and 0,25 %;
- P content between 0,005 and 0,05 %.
This Technical Report also describes the general requirements for analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, the preparation and dissolution of the test sample and the method of calculation of the results.
The procedure is valid for the analytical lines given in Table 1. This table also gives, for each line, the spectral interferences, which must be accurately corrected.
NOTE   The interferences extend as well as other possible interferences depend on the temperature in the plasma and on the optical resolution of the spectrometer used.
Table 1 - Spectral lines suggested together with the interferences which shall be corrected
Element   Wavelength (nm)   Interferences
Al   308,22   V
Ti   337,28   V, Ni
P   178,29   Mo

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This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This European Standard specifies five grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples.
This European Standard also specifies two grades by a classification as a function of hardness.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings, see EN 1559-1 [4] and EN 1559-3 [5].
NOTE   Grades given in Annex A are not intended for pressure equipment applications.

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This Technical Report describes a X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometric method for the determination of Si and Al contents in Ferro Silicon materials.
The method is applicable to:
- Si content between 40 and 90 %;
- Al content between 0,5 and 6 %.
The Technical Report specifies the general requirements for analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and the preparation of the test sample.
The correction of the spectrometric measurement from spectral interferences on the analytical lines used is essential. This Technical Report is valid for the analytical lines:
- Si Kα 7.126 (for element contents between 45 and 90 %);
- Al Kα 8.339 (for element contents between 0,8 and 6 %);
- Fe Kα 1.937 (for element contents between 10 and 58 %).
NOTE   For matrix matching purposes, iron is included in the analytical program to be prepared.
Within the conditions here above, spectral interferences don’t need to be calculated.

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This European Standard establishes a material designation system either by symbols or by numbers for cast iron. The designation system by symbols is applicable to a) standardized cast iron materials (see 3.1); b) non-standardized cast iron materials (see 3.2). The designation system by numbers is only applicable to standardized cast iron materials (see 3.1). NOTE: The standardized designation by symbols does not necessarily imply that the materials is standardized

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This European Standard establishes a material designation system either by symbols or by numbers for cast iron.
The designation system by symbols is applicable to:
a)   standardized cast iron materials (see 2.1);
b)   non-standardized cast iron materials (see 2.2).
The designation system by numbers is only applicable to standardized cast iron materials (see 2.1).
NOTE   The use of a designation system by symbols does not necessarily imply that the material is standardized.

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This European Standard defines the grades of abrasion resistant white cast irons. It specifies the grades in terms of:
-   chemical composition;
-   hardness.
The types of abrasion resistant white cast irons covered by this standard are:
a)   unalloyed or low alloy cast irons;
b)   nickel-chromium cast irons covering two general types:
-   4 % Ni 2 % Cr cast irons;
-   9 % Cr 5 % Ni cast irons;
c)   high chromium cast irons covering four ranges of chromium content:
-   11 % < Cr -   14 % < Cr -   18 % < Cr -   23 % < Cr This European Standard does not define the abrasion resistant grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons which are subject of EN 1564.

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This European Standard defines the grades of abrasion resistant white cast irons. It also specifies the grades in terms of: - chemical composition - hardness. The types of abrasion resistant white cast irons covered by this standard are: a) unalloyed or low cast irons; b) nickel chromium cast irons covering two general types: - 4 % Ni 2 % Cr cast irons; - 9 % Cr 5 % Ni cast irons; c) high chromium cast irons covering four ranges of chromium content.

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The purpose of ISO/TR 10809-2:2011 is to assist the design engineer to understand and to acquire knowledge of how the family of cast iron materials can be welded and to utilize this technology to its full advantage in selecting the most appropriate technique for a particular cast iron. Because the application of welding technology and the metallurgical implications of welding are not scientific disciplines normally taught to engineering students, such users often have limited knowledge of the fundamentals underpinning welding technology for cast irons. ISO/TR 10809-2:2011 explains what can be achieved, what cannot be achieved and why. It is not designed to be a textbook of welding technology. It helps users to select the most appropriate welding process and conditions for a specific application. ISO/TR 10809-2:2011 covers production (including finishing and joint welding) and repair welding.

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  • Technical report
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ISO/TR 945-2:2011 deals with the two-dimensional characterisation of graphite form and size in cast irons. A standard method for determining graphite form by image analysis had not been developed at the time of this report, but several methods are in use in the industry. The purpose of ISO/TR 945-2 is to give an illustration of what is possible and to suggest ways in which the technique might develop in the future. ISO/TR 945-2:2011 does not apply to the graphite distribution of grey (lamellar graphite) cast iron as defined in ISO 945-1. ISO/TR 945-2:2011 describes procedures used to carry out image analysis of graphite form and size and provides a method of comparison to the results obtained using visual analysis techniques. It does not specify any particular mathematical description of the graphite forms but provides a means for comparison.

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This European Standard specifies austenitic manganese cast steels for wear-resistant service. The grades
covered by this European Standard will experience maximum service life in applications where the surface of
the casting is subject to impact.
This European Standard retains the same format for clauses as EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-2. It shall be used in
conjunction with these standards. Where no text is given under a clause heading, the corresponding clause
of EN 1559-1 or EN 1559-2 applies.
The structure of this standard is as follows:
a) clauses and subclauses preceded by Ø indicates no additional conditions to Part 1 or Part 2 1 )
of EN 1559;
b) subclauses without any marking are mandatory.

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This standard includes a method of measurements and measuring apparatus for the determination of the transition resistance of materials

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ISO 2892:2007 specifies the grades of austenitic cast irons in terms of graphite form and matrix structure: either flake (lamellar) or spheroidal graphite in an austenitic matrix, chemical composition: as given for each of the grades, and mechanical properties obtained from separately cast samples.

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ISO 21988:2006 defines the grades of abrasion-resistant white cast irons. It specifies the grades in terms of chemical composition and hardness. The types of abrasion-resistant white cast irons covered are unalloyed or low alloy cast irons, nickel-chromium cast irons and high chromium cast irons.

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ISO 5922:2005 specifies requirements for two types of malleable cast iron, namely whiteheart malleable cast iron and blackheart malleable cast iron, used in the manufacture of castings. Classification is given for each type of malleable cast iron on the basis of mechanical properties determined on separately cast test pieces. ISO 5922:2005 is applicable only to malleable cast iron cast into sand moulds or moulds of comparable thermal diffusivity.

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ISO/TR 15931:2004 is intended to achieve the following: to make the designation of cast irons and pig irons as simple and as understandable as possible, bearing in mind language barriers world-wide; to define cast iron and pig iron designations by a simple code consisting of relevant letters and numbers only; to ensure that the agreed system is user-friendly from the point of view of the casting designer, the manufacturer (founder) and the user; to ensure that the designation system clearly defines the materials described by standards and details all of the important attributes of mechanical properties, chemical composition and additional features that need to be described.

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This annex is applicable to pig-iron in the solid state, unless otherwise agreed at the time of ordering

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This annex is applicable to pig-iron in the solid state, unless otherwise agreed at the time of ordering

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Defines pig-irons and the subdivision of pig-irons into different classes. An annex gives sampling and preparation of samples intended for the determination of the chemical composition of pig-irons.

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This European Standard defines the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a)   the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b)   the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) may be specified.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This European Standard specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This European Standard specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [1] and EN 1559 3 [2]).

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This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE   This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a)   the tensile strength of cast samples,
b)   if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c)   the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].

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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).

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This European Standard defines the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a)   the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b)   the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) may be specified.
This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This European Standard specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This European Standard specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 [1] and EN 1559 3 [2]).

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This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE   This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a)   the tensile strength of cast samples,
b)   if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c)   the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].

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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).

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This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by
comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It
is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular
application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of
austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation
of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the
requirements specified in the relevant material standard.

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This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings that have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by any of the following: a) the tensile strength of cast samples; b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting; c) if agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the hardness of the material determined on castings or on a cast-on knob. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of tensile strength from option a) or option b) and plus hardness from option c) can be specified. Information on specifying a combination of tensile strength and hardness is given in Annex B. This document specifies eight grades of grey cast iron according to tensile strength (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron according to Brinell hardness (see Table 2). This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and pipe fittings and continuous cast products. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for grey iron castings. NOTE General information on the engineering properties of grey cast irons is provided in ISO/TR 10809-1.

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