SIST EN 16989:2018

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16989:2018
01-september-2018
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Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Fire behaviour test for a
complete seat
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung des Brandverhaltens
von Sitzen in Schienenfahrzeugen
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires -
Essais de comportement au feu de siege complet
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16989:2018
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
45.060.20 Železniški vagoni Trailing stock
SIST EN 16989:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 16989:2018

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SIST EN 16989:2018


EN 16989
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

June 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.40; 45.060.20
English Version

Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles -
Fire behaviour test for a complete seat
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in
incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Essais de Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung des Brandverhaltens
comportement au feu de siège complet von kompletten Sitzen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 February 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16989:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 16989:2018
EN 16989:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Assessment method for the fire behaviour of rail seats . 9
4.1 General requirements for assessment . 9
4.2 Seat test programme . 9
4.2.1 Test programme requirements. 9
4.2.2 Seat vandalization . 10
4.2.3 Seat fire test programme . 11
5 Test equipment and facilities . 11
5.1 Test equipment . 11
5.2 Hood and smoke exhaust system . 12
5.2.1 General requirements . 12
5.2.2 Volume flow measurement system . 13
5.2.3 Gas analysers . 13
5.2.4 Smoke measurement system . 14
5.3 Gas burner assembly . 14
5.3.1 General description . 14
5.3.2 Gas burner . 15
5.3.3 Burner support arm and support stand . 17
5.3.4 Burner gas supply . 20
5.4 Instrumentation and data recording . 20
6 Test seat preparation . 21
6.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 21
6.2 Preparation of a vandalized test seat . 21
6.2.1 General requirements . 21
6.2.2 Test seat vandalization - Cutting . 21
6.2.3 Test seat vandalization - Lifting and folding cut layers . 22
7 Seat fire test . 24
7.1 Seat and burner positioning and test preparation . 24
7.1.1 Position of seat and burner relative to the smoke hood . 24
7.1.2 Position of the burner on the seat . 25
7.1.3 Movement of the burner from the test position to the neutral position . 27
7.2 Seat fire test . 27
7.2.1 Test procedure . 27
7.2.2 Instrumentation and equipment stabilization . 27
7.2.3 Start of data recording and ignition . 28
7.2.4 Start of test period, application of gas burner . 28
7.2.5 Burning behaviour . 28
7.2.6 Early termination of test . 28
7.2.7 Test results . 28
7.2.8 Test report . 29
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8 Precision . 30
8.1 Introduction. 30
8.2 Burner heat release . 30
8.3 Heat release rate of pool fires . 30
8.4 Mock-up seats . 31
Annex A (normative) Seat covering vandalism potential assessment . 32
A.1 Introduction. 32
A.2 Vandalization machine . 32
A.3 Vandalization machine preparation . 37
A.3.1 Longitudinal force and speed set up . 37
A.3.2 Knife tip force set up . 38
A.4 Preparation of test specimen . 39
A.4.1 Test specimen construction . 39
A.4.2 Preparing and fitting of the test specimen . 39
A.5 Test procedure . 40
A.5.1 Number of tests . 40
A.5.2 Penetration and laceration tests . 40
A.6 Bonded layer pull test . 41
A.7 Test report . 43
Annex B (normative) Calibration procedures . 45
B.1 Summary of Calibrations . 45
B.2 Equipment Calibrations . 45
B.2.1 Propane mass flow controller . 45
B.2.2 Oxygen analyser adjustment . 46
B.2.3 Carbon dioxide analyser adjustment . 47
B.2.4 Oxygen analyser output noise and drift . 47
B.2.5 Light measuring equipment . 48
B.3 System Calibrations . 49
B.3.1 Velocity profile factor k . 49
t,v
B.3.2 Heat Release System Calibration: Step Calibration . 51
B.3.3 Smoke Density System Calibration: Heptane Calibration . 55
B.3.4 Flow factor k . 57
t
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered. 58
Bibliography . 60

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EN 16989:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16989:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
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Introduction
This document has been developed from EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015, Annexes A and B, and relevant
European and ISO standards.
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1 Scope
This document sets out a test protocol to determine the burning behaviour of a rail vehicle seat design
using a set of complete seats prepared and tested according to the procedures given in this document. It
also sets out a standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization.
This document describes:
— fire test method;
— test equipment specification;
— protocol for test specification procedure;
— vandalization procedure;
— calibration procedure.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Conditioning procedures and general rules for
selection of substrates
EN 13823:2010+A1:2014, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Building products excluding
floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item
EN 45545-1, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 1: General
EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 2:
Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances (IEC 60584 1)
EN ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943)
ISO 3966, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes
ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 1: General
principles and definitions
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method
for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 8421-1, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire
ISO 9705-1, Reaction to fire tests — Room corner test for wall and ceiling lining products — Part 1: Test
method for a small room configuration
ISO/TR 9705-2, Reaction-to-fire tests — Full-scale room tests for surface products — Part 2: Technical
background and guidance
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943 and ISO 8421-1 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
Figure 1 defines the elements that make up a typical seat.
NOTE Depending on the application, not all seats include all of the elements shown. For example, seats can be
partially upholstered or without upholstery at all. Seats can also be without armrests or without headrests.

Key
1 seat back (cushion) 5 armrest
2 seat base (cushion) 6 anti-Macassar or pillow
3 seat shell (back) 7 headrest
4 seat shell (base)
Figure 1 — Definition of seat elements
3.1
seat shell
exposed part of a seat structure
Note 1 to entry: A seat shell can be a single assembly or consist of separate base and back units.
3.2
seat structure
part of a seat to which upholstery, armrests, headrests and any accessories are fitted as required by the
seat design
3.3
upholstery
fabrics and materials used in the covering and padding of a seat
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3.4
cushion
soft and flexible part fitted to a seat to give support to the body and provide comfort, typically upholstered
3.4.1
base cushion
cushion fitted to a seat to support the bottom and thighs of the user
3.4.2
back cushion
cushion fitted to a seat to support the user’s back
3.5
armrest
fixed or moveable support for the seat user’s arms
3.6
headrest
part of the seat provided to support the user’s head and neck, typically upholstered
Note 1 to entry: It can be integrated into the seat back or fitted as a separate component.
3.7
anti-macassar
removable cloth cover for a seat headrest
Note 1 to entry: It can be regularly changed for cleaning, easily removable by hand.
3.8
pillow
loose or removable padded item to provide additional support or comfort
Note 1 to entry: It can be regularly changed for cleaning, if attached to the seat, easily removable by hand.
3.9
vandalization
cutting or slashing of the covering of a rail vehicle seat with a knife or other blade
3.9.1
full vandalization
cutting of all the layers of the seat covering
Note 1 to entry: If all the layers of the covering are cut to give a fully vandalized seat, if the inner layer is bonded
to the interior construction (i.e. foam), then it could be impossible to lift the cut layer without application of force
to pull it away (see A.6).
3.9.2
partial vandalization
cutting of some of the outer layers of the seat covering only
Note 1 to entry: Partial vandalization can be achieved for example if anti-vandal materials are used beneath the
outer covering.
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4 Assessment method for the fire behaviour of rail seats
4.1 General requirements for assessment
The test seats are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source. The reactions are measured and
analysed.
The flaming ignition source is a representation of the thermal attack of the ignition model 1 of
EN 45545-1 and shall be represented by the application of a gas burner for three minutes, supplying
15 kW of heat (see 5.3 for details of the burner and 7.2 for the test procedure).
The test programme shall be undertaken, using the quantities of seats specified in 4.2.2 to obtain
representative results for the type of seat to be assessed. Heat release rate (HRR), maximum average heat
release (MARHE), total smoke production (TSP) and flame height shall be evaluated.
Test equipment specifications are set out in Clause 5.
The preparation of the seat specimens is set out in Clause 6 taking into account vandalization.
The fire test procedure for each seat and the requirements for analysis and reporting of the results are
set out in Clause 7.
A standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization is set out in Annex A.
Calibration procedures are set out in Annex B.
This test protocol does not provide information on the fire performance of seats under conditions other
than those specified in this standard.
4.2 Seat test programme
4.2.1 Test programme requirements
The seats shall be representative of production for the type of seat being assessed. The seats shall be
complete and include back and base shells and all upholstery as used in practice, and if applicable arm
rests and head rests. The testing programme is summarized in the flow chart set out in Figure 2.
Items which are removable by hand (e.g. anti-macassars, pillows) which are assessed separately
according to EN 45545-2 shall not be included in the test specimens.
Vandalization requirements for the test seats shall be determined according to 4.2.2.
All seats to be tested shall be conditioned according to Clause 6 and tested according to Clause 7. If
vandalization is required, it shall be applied according to 6.2.
The test programme shall be in accordance with 4.2.3.
For each individual fire test the results shall be reported according to the requirements of 7.2.7.
In addition a summary of results for the seat type assessed shall be produced to tabulate for all the seats
tested the results required for product classification: MARHE, Peak HRR, TSP and flame height.
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Figure 2 — Seat test flow chart
4.2.2 Seat vandalization
Where a seat’s potential for vandalization is known, it is not required to make a new assessment provided
that the results of earlier tests according to Annex A of this document are available and are included in
the seat test reports.
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For upholstered seats, as shown in Figure 2, the seat is either:
1) tested in a fully vandalized condition, or
2) considered to be unvandalizable or partially vandalizable by incorporating particular materials and
construction techniques which have been already assessed using the procedure set out in Annex A,
or
3) assessed using the procedure set out in Annex A to determine if the seat is tested fully vandalized,
partially vandalized or unvandalized.
NOTE A seat with a replaceable outer covering which can be cut and layers beneath which cannot be cut when
tested according to Annex A is an example of a seat construction which is partially vandalizable.
For seats to be tested in a fully or partially vandalized condition, the test programme shall be according
to 4.2.3.1.
For seats to be tested in an unvandalized condition, the test programme shall be according to 4.2.3.2.
Seats without upholstery shall be tested without vandalization (according to 4.2.3.2).
4.2.3 Seat fire test programme
4.2.3.1 Testing with vandalization
Four fire tests are required if the seat is to be tested fully or partially vandalized.
All seats to be tested shall be conditioned in accordance with 6.1.
The test programme shall be as follows:
a) two fire tests shall be undertaken according to Clause 7, with the seat in a vandalized condition.
Vandalization shall be applied to the seat to be tested in accordance with 6.2;
b) two fire tests shall be undertaken according to Clause 7, with the seat in an unvandalized condition.
4.2.3.2 Testing without vandalization
All seats to be tested shall be conditioned in accordance with 6.1.
Two fire tests shall be undertaken according to Clause 7 with the seat in an unvandalized condition.
5 Test equipment and facilities
5.1 Test equipment
The air supply should be sufficient to ensure that the combustion process is not affected. There should be
a uniform air supply through the opening of the front side under the hood.
3
NOTE 1 These conditions can be achieved if the tests are conducted in a room having a volume of at least 250 m .
To conduct the complete seat fire test described in this document the following test equipment is required
as shown in Figure 3:
— a hood and smoke exhaust system (see 5.2);
— a gas burner assembly (see 5.3);
— instrumentation (see 5.4).
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NOTE 2 It is assumed that this equipment is located in facilities similar to those typically found in a fire testing
laboratory.

a) Side view b) Front view
Key
1 exhaust duct 5 seat support
2 exhaust duct instrumentation 6 side panel
3 hood and side sheets 7 seat
4 burner 8 vertical axis of the hood
Figure 3 — Complete seat test method schematic
5.2 Hood and smoke exhaust system
5.2.1 General requirements
A hood and exhaust system to measure heat release using oxygen depletion calorimetry and to measure
smoke production shall be used.
A smoke hood, exhaust duct and associated instrumentation in accordance with the dimensions given in
ISO 9705-1 and ISO/TR 9705-2 shall be used.
It is permissible to use alternative systems which shall be demonstrated to not change the reaction to fire
behaviour of the seat undergoing test and it shall be demonstrated that the accuracy of the measurements
is as least as accurate as the ISO 9705 arrangement.
The lower edge of the hood shall be at a height of 2 400 mm above floor level.
Three sides of the hood shall have non-combustible sidewalls extending to the floor, the fourth side shall
be fitted with a steel plate 3 000 mm by 1 000 mm thus enabling ventilation and observations to be taken
throughout the test. See Figure 4.
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Dimensions in millimetres

a) Side view b) Front view
Key
1 exhaust duct 5 smoke hood
2 volume flow measurement 6 steel plate
3 smoke measurement system 7 side and end walls
4 gas analysers (O , CO ) 8 vertical axis of the hood
2 2
NOTE It is possible for the exhaust system to be located on any of the four faces of the hood plenum chamber.
Figure 4 — Smoke hood and exhaust system
...