SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
01-november-2004
(UJRQRPVNRQDþUWRYDQMHNUPLOQLKFHQWURYGHO8UHGLWHYLQPHUHGHORYQLKPHVW
,62
Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 4: Layout and dimensions of workstations
(ISO 11064-4:2004)
Ergonomische Gestaltung von Leitzentralen - Teil 4: Auslegung und Maße von
Arbeitsplätzen (ISO 11064-4:2004)
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande - Partie 4: Agencement et
dimensionnement du poste de travail (ISO 11064-4:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
25.040.10 9HþRSHUDFLMVNLVWURML Machining centres
SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11064-4
First edition
2004-07-01


Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 4:
Layout and dimensions of workstations
Conception ergonomique des centres de commande —
Partie 4: Agencement et dimensionnement du poste de travail




Reference number
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Initial workstation layout considerations . 3
5 Factors determining control workstation design . 5
5.1 User population. 5
5.1.1 General user considerations. 5
5.1.2 User requirements . 5
5.2 Visual tasks . 8
5.2.1 General visual considerations. 8
5.2.2 General visual recommendations . 8
5.3 Auditory tasks . 9
5.3.1 General auditory considerations. 9
5.3.2 General auditory requirements and recommendations. 9
5.4 Working postures. 9
5.4.1 Posture considerations . 9
5.4.2 Posture requirements and recommendations . 10
6 Control workstation layout. 12
6.1 General layout considerations . 12
6.1.1 Displays. 12
6.1.2 Controls. 13
6.2 Layout requirements. 13
6.2.1 Displays. 13
6.2.2 Controls. 15
6.2.3 Other workstation tasks . 17
6.2.4 General. 17
7 Control workstation dimensions . 17
7.1 Dimension considerations . 17
7.2 Seated control workstations. 17
7.3 Standing control workstations . 18
7.4 Sit-stand control workstations . 18
Annex A (informative) Arranging displays and control workstations. 19
Bibliography . 30

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11064-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Ergonomics of human-system interaction.
ISO 11064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic design of control centres:
 Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres
 Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control suites
 Part 3: Control room layout
 Part 4: Layout and dimensions of workstations
 Part 5: Human-system interfaces
 Part 6: Environmental requirements for control centres
 Part 7: Principles for the evaluation of control centres

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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 11064 establishes ergonomic requirements, recommendations and guidelines for the design
of workplaces in control centres.
All types of control centres are covered, including those for the process industry, transport and dispatching
systems or emergency services. Although this part of ISO 11064 is primarily intended for non-mobile control
centres, many of the principles are relevant to mobile centres such as those found on ships, locomotives and
aircraft.
User requirements are a central theme of this part of ISO 11064 and the processes described are designed to
take into account the needs of users at all stages. The overall strategy for dealing with the user requirements
is presented in ISO 11064-1. ISO 11064-2 provides guidance on the design and planning of the control room
in relation to its supporting areas. Requirements for the layout of the control room are covered by ISO 11064-3.
Displays and controls, human computer interaction and the physical working environment are presented in
ISO 11064-5 and ISO 11064-6. Evaluation principles are dealt with in ISO 11064-7.
The ultimate beneficiaries of this part of ISO 11064 will be the operator within the control room and other
users. It is the needs of these users that provide the ergonomic requirements that are addressed by the
International Standards developers. Although it is unlikely that the end user will read this International
Standard, or even know of its existence, its application should provide the user with interfaces that are more
usable, and a working environment which is more consistent with operational demands and result in a solution
which will improve system performance and will minimize error and enhance productivity.
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11064-4:2004(E)

Ergonomic design of control centres —
Part 4:
Layout and dimensions of workstations
1 Scope
This part of ISO 11064 specifies ergonomic principles, recommendations and requirements for the design of
workstations found in control centres. It covers workstation design with particular emphasis on layout and
dimensions. This standard covers primarily seated, visual-display-based workstations although sit/stand
workstations are also addressed. These workstations are to be found in applications such as transportation
control, process control and security installations.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9241-3:1992, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 3:
Visual display requirements
ISO 9241-5:1998, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) — Part 5:
Workstation layout and postural requirements
ISO 9355-2:1999, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 2: Displays
ISO 11064-3:1999, Ergonomic design of control centres — Part 3: Control room layout
ISO 11428:1996, Ergonomics — Visual danger signals — General requirements, design and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 11064, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
control workstation
single or multiple working position, including all equipment such as computers and communication terminals
and furniture at which control and monitoring functions are conducted
[ISO 11064-3:1999, definition 3.7]
3.2
cone of fixations
angular extend to which the line of sight can be swept by rotating the eyeball in the skull while the head rests
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
3.3
legibility
visual properties of a character or symbol that determine the ease with which it can be recognized
[ISO 9241-3:1992, definition 2.17]
3.4
line-of-sight
line connecting the point of fixation and the centre of the pupil
[ISO 9241-3:1992, definition 2.18]
3.5
nearpoint
nearest viewing distance to which the eye accommodates
3.6
normal line-of-sight
inclination of the line-of-sight with respect to the horizontal plane, when the muscles assigned for the
orientation of the eyes are relaxed
3.7
percentile
percentage of population of which specific characteristics fall below or are equal to a given value in a
cumulative distribution
3.8
reach envelope
three-dimensional space in which an operator can comfortably reach and manipulate controls by either hand
while assuming a posture normally anticipated for the task
3.9
task zone
space determined by the equipment and activities required for the conduct of a particular task
3.10
visual angle
angle subtended at the eye by the viewed object, e.g. a character or symbol
3.11
visual field, field of vision
physical space visible to an eye in a given position
[ISO 8995:1989, definition 3.1.10]
NOTE 1 In this standard the use of both eyes is assumed for visual field considerations.
NOTE 2 The position of the visual field depends on the direction of the line-of-sight.
NOTE 3 Separate, distinct stimuli in the visual field will be detected even if they appear simultaneously.
NOTE 4 While the extent of the visual field is approximately ± 35° around the line-of-sight, only 1° . 2° of these are for
sharp vision.
3.12
work environment
physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding a person in his or her
work space
[EN 614-1:1995, definition 3.5]
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
3.13
work space
volume allocated to one or more persons in the work system to complete the work task
[EN 614-1:1995, definition 3.4]
3.14
workstation
combination of work equipment for a particular person in a work space
[ISO 11064-2:2000, definition 3.5]
NOTE It is possible that several persons share a particular control workstation, or that several persons alternate
several workstations within any period of time (i.e., on an hourly, daily, weekly basis).
3.15
work task
task
activity or activities required to achieve an intended outcome of the work system
[EN 614-1:1995, definition 3.2]
4 Initial workstation layout considerations
The starting point for control workstation design (shape and dimensions) is a list of work tasks and related
work characteristics. The human operator may need certain facilities, such as displays, input devices, and
communication equipment. Work space may also be required for special control-room-related tasks such as
paper work. For each task, a compilation of the requirements of the associated devices is needed. By taking
account of job designs, task zones are combined together into control workstation arrangements. The
grouping of control workstations into control room layouts is discussed in ISO 11064-2 and ISO 11064-3.
Requirements identified for each task zone are inputs for detailed engineering of workstations.
The following iterative procedure, outlined in Figure 1, can be used as a systematic approach to designing
workstations. The order of stages may vary according to the design situation.
A systematic approach to designing workstations is presented in Figure 1. The sequence of stages involved in
this process may vary as a result of iterations and this may have an impact on the appropriate tasks, which
need to be undertaken at each stage.
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)

NOTE Each design stage in the process may result in a feedback loop to one of the earlier steps.
Figure 1 — Control workstation design steps
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
5 Factors determining control workstation design
This clause is mainly concerned with control workstations with one or more visual displays, communication
tools and space for administrative functions and documentation.
5.1 User population
th th
Workstations shall be designed to accommodate from the 5 to the 95 percentiles of the intended user
population. When considering the user population, account shall be taken of all features likely to be exhibited
by the intended users including gender, age, ethnic backgrounds and disabilities, e.g. if users are expected
th th
from both genders, consider the anthropometric data of the 5 percentile women up to 95 percentile men.
5.1.1 General user considerations
Workstations shall be designed according to human capabilities, limitations and needs. Consequently, the
design shall take into consideration the characteristics of the user population including working postures,
visual and aural needs, reach envelopes and their collective influences on workstation layout and dimensions.
5.1.2 User requirements
The layout and dimensioning of control workstations shall be governed by the anthropometric dimensions of
the user and any requirements for movement to accomplish their tasks. Anthropometric data are usually given
in terms of percentiles.
General anthropometric requirements are the following.
a) The percentile values referred to in this part of ISO 11064 shall be computed from the set of
anthropometric data of the expected user population.
th th
b) Control workstation dimensions shall accommodate at least a range from the 5 to the 95 percentile of
the user population.
c) The following anthropometric data shall be used to primarily determine the control workstation
dimensions:
th
 Reach envelope: 5 percentile of the user population, e.g. reach to critical dimensions.
th
 Clearances: 95 percentile of the user population, e.g. clearances under worksurfaces.
The key anthropometric dimensions for consideration of a seated operator are shown in Figure 2. Any design
solution selected should not unnecessarily disadvantage members presenting extreme anthropometric
dimensions of the user population. Design parameters proposed should be checked against the relevant
characteristics of the user population.
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)

Key
1 normal line of sight d desk thickness
2 optimal cone of fixations (i.e. allows fixation of any position e elbow/surface height
just by eye movement, no head movement required)
3 display f feet clearance
D viewing Distance k popliteal height
a eye height l upper leg clearance
b thigh clearance
NOTE For details see 6.2.2, 7.1 and 7.2.
Figure 2 — Illustration of the key anthropometric dimensions of a seated control console
EXAMPLE
For standing vertical panels, controls should not be so low that the standing-tall user must stoop to reach down to them.
 In those cases where no clothing allowances are specified in the anthropometric database, the dimensional effects of
footwear and clothing shall be considered.
 The effects of different postures shall be considered. (See Figure 3 for the effects on reach envelopes and
clearances based on different postures.)
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
th th
If it is impossible to cope with this range from the 5 percentile to the 95 with a fixed control workstation, an
adjustable workstation shall be considered.
It may be necessary to combine anthropometric data though caution should be exercised when doing this.
Usually the native anthropometric data set is based on “nude” subjects. Some data sources, however, include
clothing allowance on certain dimensions.
Another allowance concerns the so-called slump factor (a correction made to data collected in an erect
posture). The slump factor is an attempt to simulate more natural and relaxed postures. In some sources, this
factor is included, in others this is not the case. Therefore, data sources should be checked carefully before
being applied.
Typically, control workstations will be operated by multiple users who might exhibit a range of anthropometric
features. Control workstation design and layout should take account of this variable user population.
Adjustability should be considered for those workstation-related dimensions which do not accommodate the
th th
5 to 95 percentile users. This might be achieved by adjustable desk heights, the foot clearances, viewing
distances, or the orientation of displays.
th
 Adjustable control workstations should be considered to accommodate at least a range from the 5
th
percentile to the 95 percentile of the determining body dimensions of the user population (see 7.2).
 Adjustment devices should be easy and safe to use from a seated position.

Key
1 display A eye-points in “bent forward” posture
B eye-points in “erected” posture
th
eye-point of the 95 percentile dimensions, see Table 1
C eye-points in “reclined” posture
th
eye-point of the 5 percentile
D eye-points in “relaxed” posture
th
shoulder joint of the 5 percentile bent forward
th
R handreach of the 5 percentile
Figure 3 — Seated work postures corresponding to Table 1
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
5.2 Visual tasks
The basic visual tasks are “Detection” and “Identification” (see A.3).
5.2.1 General visual considerations
When arranging displays, the following factors and their interrelationship should be taken into account:
a) The eye heights which depend on
 anthropometric data of the user population, and
 the postures (cf. Figure 3 and Table 2) of the users while accomplishing their tasks (e.g. monitoring,
interacting).
The influence of work surface adjustability, i.e. chair height on the eye height, shall be considered. Refer to
the appropriate anthropometric data set for input to the calculations.
b) Viewing distances should be chosen taking full account of
 eye strain,
 the nearpoint of the eye,
 the visual angle required to identify the characters on the screen, and
 the task.
c) The normal line-of-sight (see Table 2).
NOTE See Annex A for guidance on determining the arrangement of control workstation displays.
5.2.2 General visual recommendations
Accurate identification of a character depends on its legibility (its contrast, font style, colour, size, etc.), as well
as the viewing distance (see Annex A for further details):
 The viewing distance shall be based on the following considerations concerning character height.
 For VDUs, the minimum height of monochrome Latin characters shall subtend 15 minutes of angle (in
accordance with ISO 9355-2). Recommended Latin character heights are, however, 18 to 20 minutes of
angle (in accordance with ISO 9241-3). For a quick approximation, the following calculation shall be used:
 Maximum viewing distance (for rectangular view on the middle of a display area) = 215 × Latin
character's height
NOTE For a detailed calculation of the arrangement of displays, see Annex A.
 Character height is given by the height of capitals and numerals of the smallest font size in use on
the screen.
 Viewing distance, for identification of characters and symbols, shall be > 500 mm, since large groups of
users (for instance older users without spectacles) will have difficulties to accommodate their eyes to
shorter distances.
 For minimizing eye strain, the viewing distance should be 700 mm or greater (see Bibliography [9]).
Larger viewing distances improve depth of focus.
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SIST EN ISO 11064-4:2004
ISO 11064-4:2004(E)
NOTE Typically, control workstations need to accommodate writing areas, keyboards, phones and communication
equipment, etc. in front of the display. For this reason, larger viewing distances may be required which would have an
impact on, for example, font sizes, display formats.
Assuming a reclined seated position, the normal line-of-sight is straight forward in the horizontal plane and
approximately 15° below the horizontal in the vertical plane (see Table 1). This is the starting point for the
following requirements:
 Displays (see ISO 11064-3) requiring frequent or critical monitoring (e.g. operator working screens) shall
be arranged in front of the operator in the primary display zone. The primary display zone, when the
line-of-sight direction is not imposed by external task requirements, is in the vertical plane within an angle
of 40° above and below the normal line-of-sight. In the horizontal plane, this range will be approximately
35° left and right of the line-of-sight for monitoring tasks (see ISO 11428) and more if head and body
movement are taken into account.
 Where information from off-workstation displays (such as large screens, wall and mimic panels, etc.) is
required for the operator's task, this shall be fully visible from all expected working positions in the control
room (see ISO 11064-3).
5.3 Auditory tasks
5.3.1 General auditory considerations
Control workstations may be equipped with a variety of sound-generating devices. They may be used in
alerting operators to normal (e.g. feedback, phone) and abnormal events, providing feedback to keyboard
operations, and conveying person-to-person messages. Unlike the visual systems that require direct lines of
sight to be effective, audible devices, e.g. speakers, bells, buzzers, etc. can be mounted in a variety of
locations and still be effective in conveying information to the operator. The location of the devices is often
governed by operating practices, areas of responsibility, shared or dedicated control workstation allocations,
etc.
5.3.2 General auditory requirements and recommendations
General aural requirements and recommendations include the following.
 Sound-producing devices shall be located and mounted such that their function is not compromised.
 Where alarm indications can be provided by other than auditory means, silencing may be permissible.
Silencing should be possible from the normal working position of the operator.
 Global silencing, i.e. silencing from any one workstation where multiple workstations exist, may be
employed depending on specific operational and safety practices.
 It shall be possible to readily associate a particular audible signal with a unique workstation in multiple
control workstation configurations.
 Use of spatial separation to aid identification when multiple auditory sources are present.
 The impact of background noise should be considered when designing auditory alarms (see
ISO 11064-6)
5.4 Working postures
5.4.1 Posture considerations
An operator assumes several postures while accomplishing a task, seated, standing and alternating between
seated and standing positions. The desig
...