SIST EN ISO 10551:2002

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
01-september-2002
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 10551:2001
Ergonomija toplotnega okolja - Ocenjevanje vpliva toplotnega okolja z uporabo
subjektivnih lestvic za ocenjevanje (ISO 10551:1995)
Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of the influence of the thermal
environment using subjective judgement scales (ISO 10551:1995)
Ergonomie des Umgebungsklimas - Beurteilung des Einflusses des Umgebungsklimas
unter Anwendung subjektiver Bewertungsskalen (ISO 10551:1995)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Evaluation de l'influence des ambiances
thermiques a l'aide d'échelles de jugements subjectifs (ISO 10551:1995)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10551:2001
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN ISO 10551:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10551
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2001
ICS 13.180
English version
Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of the
influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement
scales (ISO 10551:1995)
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Evaluation de Ergonomie des Umgebungsklimas - Beurteilung des
l'influence des ambiances thermiques à l'aide d'échelles de Einflusses des Umgebungsklimas unter Anwendung
jugements subjectifs (ISO 10551:1995) subjektiver Bewertungsskalen (ISO 10551:1995)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 January 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10551:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
Page 2
EN ISO 10551:2001
CORRECTED 2001-09-19
Foreword
The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 "Ergonomics" of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard ISO 10551:1995 has been approved by CEN as a European
Standard without any modification.
NOTE  Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative).

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
Page 3
EN ISO 10551:2001
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by
(mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 7243 1989 Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress EN 27243 1993
on working man, based on the WBGT-index
(wet bulb globe temperature)
ISO 7726 1985 Thermal environments - Instruments and methods EN 27726 1993
for measuring physical quantities
ISO 7730 1994 Moderate thermal environments - Determination EN ISO 7730 1995
of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of
the conditions for thermal comfort
ISO 8996 1990 Ergonomics - Determination of metabolic heat EN 28996 1993
production
ISO/TR 11079 1993 Evaluation of cold environments - Determination ENV ISO 11079 1998
of required clothing insulation (REQ)

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
First edition
1995-05-15
Ergonomics of the thermal environment -
Assessment of the influence of the thermal
environment using subjective judgement scales
Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Evaluation de I’influence des
ambiances thermiques 2 I’aide d ’khelles de jugemen ts subjectifs
Number of reference
ISO 10551 :1995(E)

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
ISO 10551:1995(E)
Contents
Page
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. 1
1 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
3 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Subjective judgement scales for thermal environments: Principles of
2
scale construction and conditions of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
5
Perceptual, evaluation and preferential judgement scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
6 Personal acceptability Statement and tolerante scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.
6
7 Instructions for repeat enquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
. . . . . . . . . .-.*.-.*.
8 Summary of the scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
9 Formats and methods of presentation of the scales -. I . . . . . . . . . .
7
10 Data analysis and application of the results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annexes
A Examples of the wording of subjective judgement scales
8
on thermal conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B Application of assessment procedure and judgement scales:
11
Examples, including data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
C Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 ISO 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
ISO 10551:1995(E)
@ ISO
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 10551 was prepared by Technical Committee
I SO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the
physical environment.
Annexes A, B and C of this International Standard are for information only.

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
ISO 10551:1995(E)
@ ISO
Introduction
The present International Standard forms part of a series of Standards on
the assessment of thermal stress and strain in the work environment.
This series is concerned in particular with:
1) establishing specifications on methods for measuring and estimat-
ing the characteristic physical Parameters of climatic environments,
thermal properties of clothing and metabolic heat production;
2) establishing methods for assessing thermal stress in hot, cold and
temperate environments.
This International Standard proposes a set of specifications on direct
expert assessment of thermal comfort/discomfort expressed by persons
subjected to various degrees of thermal stress during periods spent in
various climatic conditions at their workplace. The data provided by this
assessment will most probably be used to Supplement physical and
physiological methods of assessing thermal loads. The methods belong to
a psychological approach consisting in gathering, as appropriate, the on-
site opinions of persons exposed to the conditions under consideration
(diagnosis) and thus may compiete data provided by predictive approaches
described eisewhere in this series.
The ergonomist who is concerned with the thermal environment of work-
places is able to determine the value of various indices (WCI, PMV and
PPD, WBGT) which will predict the average climatic conditions for thermal
comfort or the average degree of thermal stress suffered by a worker in a
number of general cases. In practice, specific cases often differ from
general cases in ways such as spatial heterogeneities, local differentes,
temporal fluctuations, ciothing arrangements, personal characteristics.
Thus it becomes necessary to suppiement the values proposed in an
initial predictive approach by a direct determination of the subjective
experience which persons at work have of the climatic environment and
of their corresponding personal state, an experience which these persons
tan judge and express. The approach is diagnostic.
These data are not obtained by means of a questionnaire; it is left to the
user to incorporate the scales into a list of more comprehensive or more
specific questions (medical Survey, list of work Stresses), presented in a
form (oral, written; individual, collective) adapted to the particular case and
to the collective Standards (national, professional) in forte.
If persons exposed to thermal environments are to be asked about their
corresponding experiences or information requested on their cultural
attitude in Order to obtain the most appropriate subjective judgement
scales, favourable relationships should first be established between these
persons and the organization responsible, through the persons conducting
the ergonomic investigation.
iv

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
@ ISO ISO 10551:1995(E)
The thermal environments which lend themselves to the application of
subjective judgement scales relate to conditions which differ to a mode-
rate degree from thermal neutrality. Under extreme conditions, physical
and physiological assessment methods of the thermal load shall be
preferred, provided that their results tan be used as criteria for a decision.
In particular, tolerante Iimits for thermal load cannot be confidently based
on subjective judgements and have to be decided in view of accepted
health risk criteria. More specific conditions for applying the judgement
scales will be made clear in connection with each of them.
The subjective nature of the data obtained using judgement scales leads
some experts to doubt their benefit and prefer “objective ”, physical or
physiological data. The question of the validity of subjective data as
regards thermal environments tan be viewed in two distinct ways:
a) The first approach corresponds to the following question:
To what extent is the information provided by these data the Same as that
provided by “objective” data?
The relation which may or may not exist between objective and subjective
data will be examined with the aim of substituting collection of the former
by that of the latter, which are more easily obtained. This International
Standard is not concerned with this approach, however interesting it may
be once the relation has been established.
b) The second approach corresponds to the following question:
What is the intrinsic value of the data supplied by these scales?
The opinions held by persons about the thermal environments in which they
work have a value in themselves. lt is up to the ergonomist whether or not to
take them into account. The reputation of these data for lack of reliability does
not justify dismissing them out of hand. The aim of this International Standard
is precisely to improve their reliability by specifying the appropriate tools to use
in collecting them and the requirement for using them.

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 10551:1995(E)
Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of
the influence of the thermal environment using subjective
judgement scales
1 Scope
This Standard covers the construction and use of judgement scales (scales of thermal perception, thermal comfort,
thermal preference, acceptability expression form and tolerante scale) for use in providing reliable and comparative
data on the subjective aspects of thermal comfort or thermal stress.
2 Normative references
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to
revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and iS0 main-
tain registers of currently valid International Standards.
Hot environments - Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-
ISO 7243: 1989,
index (wet belt globe temperature).
ISO 7726: 1985, Thermal environmen ts - Instruments and methods for measuring basic ph ysical quan tities.
ISO 7730:1994, Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and
specification of the conditions for thermal comfort.
Hot environments - Analytical de termina tion and in terpre ta tion of thermal’ s tress,
ISO 7933: 1989, using
calculation of required sweat rate.
Ergonomics of the thermal environment -
ISO 8996: 1990, Estimation of metabolic heat production.
ISO 9886: 1992 Evaluation of the thermal strain by physiological measuremen ts.
ISO 9920: 1994 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and
evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble.
lSO/TR 11079:1993 Evaluation of cold environments -
Determination of required clothing insulation (IREQ).
3 Symbols
thermal resistance (insulation) of the clothing, in Square metres degrees Celsius per Watt or in clo
I
Cl
(1 clo = 0,155 m* l “WV);
Met heat produced by the metabolism, in Watts per Square metre;
predicted mean vote (see ISO 7730);
PMV

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
@ ISO
ISO 10551:1995(E)
PPD predicted percentage of dissatisfied (see ISO 7730);
WBGT wet bulb globe temperature (see ISO 7243);
WCI wind chill index (see ISO/TR 11079).
4 Subjective judgement scales for thermal environments: Principles of scale construc-
tion and conditions of use
There are a number of subjective judgement scales for thermal environments. They differ in whether emphasis is
placed on some aspect of judgement: perceptual or affective (evaluative and preferential), global (encompassing
the whole environment or organism) or localized, present or past, instantaneous or extended over a period of time.
They also differ as to the Object of judgement: environment or person, the whole or its component Parts (tem-
perature, humidity, air movement; thermal state of the body, skin wetness, respiration) permanent or temporary
Situation, temperate or extreme conditions.
This International Standard recommends subjective judgement scales based on the thermal state of the body.
s Met s 70 W/m*) clothed in a
In the case of steady climatic conditions, with sedentary working peopie (60 W/m*
(1,0 f: 0,2) clo] and after a stay of at least 30 min, the global judgement
normal manner [(0,5 & 0,2) clo < ZCj s
People make about their own thermal state and the global judgement they make about the ambient temperature
are typically in agreement. At the workplace, these situations are of particular importante (in terms of frequency,
of priority given to their treatement). In general, judgements made by People about their personal thermal state are
more relevant to ergonomists than judgements made about their thermal surroundings.
In the case of varying climatic or clothing factors, as weil as in the case of Variation in physical activity (transient
conditions), agreement between both kinds of judgement does not necessarily occur. The Same is true in the case
of steady climatic conditions associated with People with a level of physical activity higher than the level
corresponding to sedentary working (Met > 70 W/m2), or with People clad in less (Icl < 0,5 clo) or more
(Zcj > 1,O clo) clothing than customary.
In each of these cases, it is more important from the Point of view of ergonomic practice to know how the
workers feel themselves than to know how they judge the local climate. Thus the present International Standard
retains judgements that workers make about their own thermal state as a whole. lt distinguishes between
perception, present affective assessment (comfort/discomfort) and future preference.
This lnternationai Standard aiso uses the Same scales, with appropriate modification, for temperate environments
and for more intensely hot or cold environments.
also suggests supplementing the perceptual, evaluative and preferential judgement
NOTE 1 This International Standard
tolerante of therma environments.
scales by a Statement of acceptability and a scale of
in most instances, the exposure to given climatic conditions lasts for several hours. Therefore, it is useful to gather
the persons’ opinions throughout, by repeating the expression of the judgements at regular intervals (e.g. 30 min),
using exactly the Same scales.
The procedu re of obtarning synthetic judgements by hypothetically integrating spot impressions over an
NOTE 2
perjod of time should be avoided.
extended
By repeatedly applying the Same scales, the evolution with time of the thermal comfort or strain experienced in
constant conditions may be assessed and an integrated judgement obtained over the whole time of exposure by
appropriate computation of the data (e.g. Overall mean). In the case of transient conditions, the Same repeated
judgement collection applies to seasonal or other contextual (time of day, task demand, management style),
variations in thermai comfort or strain experienced by the Same persons in otherwise constant climatic conditions.
Basic difficulties are encountered in any area which involves the use of language. In this regard, bias and variability
in the data tan resuit from inconsistencies and inappropriateness of accompanying instructions. Therefore, it be-
Comes crucial to standardize preparatory instructions which explain the study, as well as the wording of the
judgement scales. Of special importante is the terminology used to denote the degrees on the judgement scales.
This International Standard specifies the structure of the scales, with annex A providing suggestions regarding
wording selection in the various languages.
NOTE 3 International usage and acc eptance of the scale s in this lnternational Standard will result in the fixing of suitable
wording of the degrees on the scales i n various Ia nguages

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
@ ISO
ISO 10551:1995(E)
Other judgement scales are in use concerning the thermal state of various Parts of the body (e.g. head, torso,
hands, feet), the total thermal environment or various components of it (e.g. temperature, humidity or air move-
ment), other aspects of the thermal experience of the person (e.g. wetting of the skin) or evaluations conducted
over a certain period of time, inciuding periods during which clirnatic conditions have not been measured. Other
scales, e.g. a bipolar affective evaluation scale, have been structured differently on the model of thermal
perception; such a scale is useful for taking into account thermal pleasure and is more sensitive than the unipolar
discomfort scale in the region of thermal conditions near to thermal neutrality.
This International Standard is limited to the five scales described in clauses 5 and 6. The gathering of subjective
judgement should first be concerned with localized thermal sensations (Parts of the body) and with wetting of the
skin in constant conditions, given the current interest and application of these data. The second concern should be
for data gathered under transient conditions, which are extremely important but are not yet sufficiently weil
known.
Perceptual, evaluation and preferential judgement scales
5
5.1 Instructions for using the judgement scales
The three judgement scales shall be applied in the following Order: perceptual scale, evaluative scale, scale of
preference. The combination of possible replies provides all the required information.
The following introductory questions shall be posed:
“How are you feeling (at this precise moment)?”
- before applying the perceptual scale:
(followed by the replies from the scale);
- after the response given on the perceptual scale, and immediately before applying the evaluative scale: "DO
you find this. ?“ (followed by the replies from the scale);
- after the response given on the evaluative scale, and immediately before the application of the preference
scale: “Please state how you would prefer to be now” (followed by the replies from the scale).
A 7-degree scale shall be applied in the case of environments judged to be temperate (close to thermal neutrality
or slightly hot or cold); a 9-degree scale shall be applied in the case of environments judged to be more intensely
hot or cold. A practical Iimit between the two categories of environment is suggested at PMV = If- 2.
NOTE 4 lt is recommended that the full scales be presented, even in cases of surroundings located only in the cold or
in the warmth. The wording of all the degrees of a scale provides a frame of reference useful to those asked to verbalize
their instantaneous thermal experience.
Scale of perception of the personal thermal state
52 .
5.2.7 Structure of the scale
A symmetrical 7-degree two-pole scale, which tan be extended to 9 degrees, comprising a central indifferente
Point and two times 3 (or 4) degrees of increasing intensity.
Degrees Point
Degrees
Pole A (-4)-3-2-1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 (+ 4)
Pole B
of intensity of indifferente of intensity
5.2.2 Wording of the degrees
The poles A and B are either end of the scale from A = COLD to B =
HOT. The central Point of indifferente
corresponds to the ABSENCE OF HOT AND COLD.
The wording of the degrees will depend on the vocabulary choices in each language. The selection of the terms
shall be carried out carefully and tested beforehand on a representative number of persons who arc native
speakers of the given language.
3

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
@ ISO
ISO 10551:1995(E)
The following wordings shall be taken as an illustration:
- for languages which have several (at least two) distinct terms to denote different degrees of intensity for HOT
and COLD, these terms will be used along the lines of English or Russian wording;
- for languages which do not have two terms for denoting different degrees of intensity for each of the poles, a
Single term will be used for each pole and its intensity modulated by the use of adverbs along the lines of
French or Spanish wording.
Tabie A-1 gives examples for each case.
5.3 Evaluative scale
5.3.1 Structure of the scale
A 4-degree one-pole scale, which tan be extended to 5 degrees, with a Point of origin indicating the absence of
the effect, and 3 (or 4) degrees of increasing intensity of the effect.
Degrees of
Point of
1 2 3 (4) U nique pole
0
intensity
origin
5.32 Wording of the Points
The unique pole devoted to the evaluation of the thermal load denotes a negative effect: DISPLEASURE,
DISSATISFACTION or DISCOMFORT. Its intensity tan be modulated by adverbs. COMFORT, located at the Point
of origin, and ABSENCE OF DISCOMFORT, are also classed as positive evaluations (pleasure, satisfaction).
NOTE 5 Table A.2 gives an example.
5.4 Thermal preference scale
5.4.1 Structure of the scale
A symmetrical 7degree bipolar scaie comprising a centrai Point of indecision and two times 3 degrees of
rncreasing intensity.
Degrees Point Degrees
-3-2-l 0 +1+2+3 Pole B
Pole A
of intensity of indecision of intensity
5.4.2 Wording of the degrees
Poles A and B are at either end of the scale from A = COOLER to B = WARMER. The central Point of indecision
corresponds to the ABSENCE OF CHANGE.
The degrees shall be worded using for each pole a comparative term which tan be modulated in intensity by
means of adverbs. lt is possible to reduce the three degrees of each of the poles to a Single degree worded by
means of an unmodulated comparative term.
NOTE 6 Table A.3 gives an example.

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SIST EN ISO 10551:2002
@ ISO ISO 10551:1995(E)
6 Personal acceptability Statement and tolerante scale
. General
61
In addition to the previous judgements, information shali be obtained indicating how the workers personally feel
toward their thermal Situation.
This assessment would be in terms of rejection or acceptance on a personal ievel, compiemented in any case by a
relative judgement of the degree of personal tolerante. Rejection or acceptance is expressed on a personal ievei,
i.e. out of context, the judgement being based purely on personal preference. The expression of rejection on a
personal ievei (unacceptabiiity) is therefore not incompatibie with actual acceptance, which takes into account
other contextual motivations (instructions, job requirement, short duration of exposure, remuneration).
In contrast to the three preceding scales, the personal acceptabiiity Statement and the toierance scale consist of
judgements made about the thermal surroundings (iocal climate).
6.2 Instructions for using the judgement expression forms
The acceptability Statement form and toierance scale shall be appiied after the perception and assessment scales
described above, and shali be in the following Order: acceptability Statement form, then tolerante scaie.
The following introductory questions shall be posed:
- before application of the acceptabiiity Statement form:
(a) in explicit terms: “How do you judge this environment (iocal ciimate) on a personal Ievei?”
“Taking into account only your personal preference . .“
(b) with the initial Statement:
1) either: “. wouid you rather accept this environment (iocai climate) than reject it?”
2) or: “. would you rather reject this environment (iocal climate) than accept it?”
- before the application of the toierance scaie:
“1s it . .?“
6.3 Description of the forms of judgement expression
6.3.1 Structure of the forms of judgement
...