Geographic information -- Functional standards

Information géographique -- Normes fonctionnelles

Geografske informacije - Funkcionalni standardi

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Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Oct-2003
Withdrawal Date
15-Sep-2019
Technical Committee
Current Stage
9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
Start Date
16-Sep-2019
Due Date
09-Oct-2019
Completion Date
16-Sep-2019

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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19120
First edition
2001-07-01
Geographic information — Functional
standards
Information géographique — Normes fonctionnelles
Reference number
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
© ISO 2001

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be
edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file,
parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2001
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's mem-
ber body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 References . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Review of functional standards . 4
6 Use of profiles to map functional standards to ISO 19100 base standards . 9
Annexes
A ISO 19104, Geographic information — Terminology. 16
A.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 16
A.2 Key issues to be addressed . 16
B ISO 19106, Geographic information — Profiles. 17
B.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 17
B.2 Key issues to be addressed . 17
C ISO 19107, Geographic information — Spatial schema . 18
C.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 18
C.2 Key issues to be addressed . 18
C.3 Response from project team . 20
D ISO 19108, Geographic information — Temporal schema. 21
D.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 21
D.2 Key issues to be addressed . 21
E ISO 19109, Geographic information — Rules for application schema . 22
E.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 22
E.2 Key issues to be addressed . 22
F ISO 19110, Geographic information — Feature cataloguing methodology . 23
F.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 23
F.2 Key issues to be addressed . 23
F.3 Response from project team . 23
G ISO 19111, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by coordinates . 24
G.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 24
G.2 Key issues to be addressed . 24
H ISO 19112, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers . 25
I ISO 19113, Geographic information — Quality principles . 26
I.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 26
I.2 Key issues to be addressed . 26
I.3 Response from project team . 26
J ISO 19114, Geographic information — Quality evaluation procedures . 27
J.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 27
J.2 Key issues to be addressed . 27
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
K ISO 19115, Geographic information — Metadata. 28
K.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 28
K.2 Key issues to be addressed . 28
K.3 Response from project team . 28
L ISO 19116, Geographic information — Positioning services. 29
L.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 29
L.2 Key issues to be addressed . 29
L.3 Response from project team . 29
M ISO 19117, Geographic information — Portrayal . 30
M.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 30
M.2 Key issues to be addressed . 30
M.3 Response from project team . 30
N ISO 19118, Geographic information — Encoding. 31
N.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 31
N.2 Issues to be addressed . 31
O ISO 19119, Geographic information — Services. 32
O.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 32
O.2 Issues to be addressed . 32
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority
vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature
and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Technical Report may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 19120 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
©
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Introduction
The ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards under development within ISO/TC 211 provides a
framework for the development of geographic information standards. There are a number of existing functional
standards in use within the international community that would seek to achieve compliance with the emerging
ISO 19100 series of standards.
The availability of a common frame of reference, as provided by the ISO 19100 series, may also present an
opportunity for harmonization between the functional standards to the extent that such harmonization supports the
primary goal of harmonization of the functional standards with the ISO 19100 series, but harmonization between
functional standards is not the subject of this report. This Technical Report seeks to identify how functional standards
can be developed as profiles of the ISO 19100 series of standards and how this profiling process can promote
harmonization between these functional standards.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Geographic information — Functional standards
1 Scope
Within the context of this Technical Report, a functional standard has been identified as an existing geographic
information standard, in active use within the international community. National standards have not been considered
within this report.
This Technical Report seeks to identify the components of those recognized functional standards and to identify
elements that can be harmonized between these standards and with the ISO/TC 211 base standards. This Technical
Report provides a starting point for a feedback cycle between the functional standards communities and the
ISO 19100 series component project teams.
2 References
ISO/IEC 8211:1994, Information technology — Specification for a data descriptive file for information interchange
ISO/IEC 8824 (all parts):1998, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998, Information technology — Framework and taxonomy of International Standardized
Profiles — Part 1: General principles and documentation framework
1)
ISO 19101:— , Geographic information — Reference model
1)
ISO 19102:— , Geographic information — Overview
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1)
ISO 19104:— , Geographic information — Terminology
ISO 19105:2000, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
1)
ISO 19106:— , Geographic information — Profiles
1)
ISO 19107:— , Geographic information — Spatial schema
1)
ISO 19108:— , Geographic information — Temporal schema
1)
ISO 19109:— , Geographic information — Rules for application schema
1)
ISO 19110:— , Geographic information — Feature cataloguing methodology
1)
ISO 19111:— , Geographic information — Spatial referencing by coordinates
1)
ISO 19112:— , Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identiers
1)
ISO 19113:— , Geographic information — Quality principles
1)
ISO 19114:— , Geographic information — Quality evaluation procedures
1) To be published.
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
1)
ISO 19115:— , Geographic information — Metadata
1)
ISO 19116:— , Geographic information — Positioning services
1)
ISO 19117:— , Geographic information — Portrayal
1)
ISO 19118:— , Geographic information —Encoding
1)
ISO 19119:— , Geographic information —Services
ISO/TR 14825, Geographic Data Files (GDF)
CEN ENV 14825, Geographic Data Files (GDF)
Digital Geographic Exchange Standard (DIGEST). Digital Geographic Information Working Group — Edition 2.0
June 1997
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Transfer Standard S-57, Edition 3.0
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
encapsulation
collection of specified data content in a well-defined coding structure or the process by which it is done
3.2
functional standard
existing geographic information exchange standard, developed specifically for transfer of data between entities in
different nations, and currently used for that purpose
3.3
module
predefined set of elements in a base standard that may be used to construct a profile
3.4
profile
set of one or more base standards and - where applicable - the identification of chosen clauses, classes, subsets,
options and parameters of those base standards that are necessary for accomplishing a particular function
[ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998]
3.5
product specification
description of the universe of discourse and a specification for mapping the universe of discourse to a dataset
4 Abbreviated terms
BIIF Binary Image Intechange Format
CHRIS Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems (IHO)
CHS Canadian Hydrographic Service
DBWG Data Base Working Group, now called TSMADWG (IHO)
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
DIGEST Standard for the exchange of digital geographic information. Supports the exchange of DGI required to
support military operations
DGI Digital geographic information
DGIWG Digital Geographic Information Working Group
DNC Digital Nautical Chart (DIGEST)
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System (S-57)
ENC Electronic Nautical Chart (S-57)
FACC Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue (DIGEST)
FRS Feature Representation Scheme (GDF)
GDF Geographic Data Files (CEN/ISO), standard for definition and exchange of digital road databases with a
focus on navigation applications
HO Hydrographic Office
HWP Harmonization Working Party (joint DGIWG/IHO)
ICD Interface Control Document (DGIWG/IHO HWP)
IHB International Hydrographic Bureau (secretariat of the IHO)
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
IIF Image Interchange Format
IMO International Maritime Organization
MD Maintenance Document (refers to S-57, published by TSMADWG)
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OGC Open GIS Consortium, Inc.
OGIS Open GIS
S-57 IHO Transfer Standard; standard for the exchange of digital hydrographic data between national
Hydrographic Offices, and for the distribution of such data to manufacturers, mariners and other users
STANAG Standardization Agreement (NATO)
TSMAD Transfer Standard Maintenance and Applications Development Working Group (IHO)
USOC Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC (S-57)
VRF Vector Relational Format (DIGEST encapsulation)
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
5 Review of functional standards
5.1 General
This Technical Report reviews a selection of functional standards currently in use within the international digital
geographic information community. The standards selected are not intended to represent an exhaustive review of all
the de-facto international geographic data standards currently in existence. Such work has been carried out by other
organizations; rather than duplicating their effort, this Technical Report addresses a number of existing standards in
wide use at the current time.
The experience gained in considering the activities required to develop these functional standards into profiles of the
ISO 19100 series of standards is valuable to any developer or data producer considering the use of profiles as a
mechanism for achieving compliance with the ISO 19100 series.
The review of the functional standards in parallel with the development of the ISO 19100 series of standards, has
identified the need for liaison between the International Standard developers and the functional standard community.
— The “sequential” development of International Standards should be cyclically linked to the external functional
standards communities. This provides for a “sanity check” on the emerging international standards by providing
real test cases.
— Once the component base standards have reached International Standard status, they still may not be adequate
to handle all requirements of the functional standards. These outstanding requirements may prompt future
versions of the standard to be developed.
Three functional standards are considered within this Technical Report. They are as follows.
— DIGEST (Digital Geographic Exchange Standard): In use to support the military DGI requirements amongst
NATO nations. The standard is maintained by the Digital Geographic Working Group (DGIWG).
— GDF (Geographic Data Files): In use to define and exchange digital road databases, with a particular emphasis
on navigation applications.
— S-57: In use to support the exchange of digital hydrographic data between national Hydrographic Offices and for
distribution to manufacturers, mariners, and other data users.
Each of the functional standards considered within this Technical Report comes from a different user community, and
as such brings a unique perspective to the profiling activity. Each of the standards and their intended audience are
summarized in the following sections.
5.2 The Digital Geographic Information Working Group (DGIWG) DIGEST Standard
5.2.1 Introduction
The Digital Geographic Information Working Group (DGIWG) was established in 1983 to support the exchange of
Digital Geographic Information (DGI) among the military of NATO nations. The DGIWG membership includes
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the UK and the US. Four countries
have observer status: Australia, Portugal, Greece and New Zealand.
The DGIWG is not an official NATO body; however, the DGIWG's standardization work has been recognized and
welcomed by the NATO Geographic Conference (NGC). The DGIWG developed and maintains DIGEST as an
exchange standard to facilitate the exchange of DGI to support interoperability within and between the military
components of NATO nations, and to promote burden sharing of digital data production. The scope of this activity
includes dataset specification development and harmonization of standards.
The DIGEST standard has been subject to continual evolution, in order to satisfy the requirements of the defence
user community, and has evolved beyond its initial conception as an exchange standard, and now forms a true
geospatial standard, addressing quality, data modelling and feature cataloguing in addition to data exchange formats.
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
In the future, defence data providers will be required to support multinational forces with global coverage of
geographic data. This data will need to be produced accurately and provided quickly in order to support the needs of
the forces. Thus the need to burden share and to interoperate is critical. The DGIWG seeks to meet this objective by
developing DIGEST in order to provide a common core of data standards and processes to support interoperability.
DIGEST has become a NATO standardization agreement (STANAG 7074) and the latest version of DIGEST,
edition 2.0, was released in June 1997.
5.2.2 Contents
DIGEST supports the exchange of raster, matrix, imagery and vector DGI (and associated text) among producers
and users. DIGEST supports a range of vector topological structures:
— Level 0 topology - “Spaghetti”
— Level 1 topology - “Chain-Node”
— Level 2 topology - “Planar Graph”
— Level 3 topology - “Planar Graph with Face”
The standard describes a variety of encapsulations, which are in effect profiles, for the various data models
supported by DIGEST. These encapsulations are defined in a series of Annexes to the standard. DIGEST also
includes the Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue (FACC), which forms a comprehensive coding scheme for
features, their attributes and attribute values.
The structure of the DIGEST document is as follows:
a) Part 1: General Description
b) Part 2: Theoretical Model, Exchange Structure and Encapsulation Specifications
— Annex A: ISO/IEC 8211 Encapsulation Specifications
— Annex B: ISO/IEC 8824 Encapsulation Specifications
— Annex C: Vector Relational Format (VRF) Encapsulation Specification
DIGEST VRF encapsulation describes the vector format supported by the DIGEST standard. VRF supports
multiple levels of vector topology, and also supports application level relationships between features, such as
“connected to”, “stacked on” and “stacked under”.
— Annex D: Image Interchange Format (IIF) Encapsulation
IIF complies with the Binary Image Interchange Format (BIIF).
— Annex E: ASCII Encapsulation
Table of contents when the transmittal is non-standard (due to more than one kind of data structure or
encapsulation)
c) Part 3: Codes and Parameters
d) Part 4: Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue.
FACC is a data dictionary of feature and attribute definitions and coding schemes used across the DIGEST family
of products.
A number of products have been developed to the DIGEST standard, and are in active use. These include:
ASRP ARC standard raster product
DTED Digital Terrain Elevation Data
DNC Digital Nautical Chart
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
VMAP Vector map - A family of vector mapping products derived from high, medium and low scale sources
WVS World Vector Shoreline
Further information is available from the DIGEST web site http://www.digest.org
5.2.3 Maintenance
DIGEST is maintained by the DGIWG. A number of working parties have been set up to address technical issues
associated with the standard. These working parties are directed by, and report to the DGIWG Technical Committee,
which in turn reports to the DGIWG Steering Committee.
The working parties address issues arising from the current edition of DIGEST, and also seek to develop DIGEST to
meet the emerging requirements of the DGIWG user community.
Currently the DGIWG is planning development of DIGEST edition 3.0. Edition 3.0 will be developed making use of
the ISO 19100 series of standards.
5.3 The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-57 Transfer Standard
5.3.1 Introduction
The International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) in Monaco (founded in 1926), is the Secretariat of the International
Hydrographic Organization (IHO). The IHO is an international organization based upon an intergovernmental
convention that came into force in 1970. IHO presently comprises 67 Member States represented by their
Hydrographic Offices (HOs). Additionally, application for IHO membership by approximately 10 states is pending.
Most of the major coastal states are members of the IHO.
The IHO Transfer Standard S-57 is intended to be used for the exchange of digital hydrographic data between
national Hydrographic Offices and for distribution to manufacturers, mariners, and other data users. S-57 was
adopted as the official IHO standard by the XIVth International Hydrographic Conference, Monaco, 4-15 May 1992. It
supports the exchange of vector (and later raster and matrix) hydrographic data. It comprises a theoretical data
model, on which the standard has been based, a description of the data structure, and a catalogue of objects and
attributes. In the data structure, provision has been made for the encoding of chart updates.
Additionally, S-57 includes a product specification for Electronic Nautical Chart (ENC). Edition 3.0 of S-57 was
published in November 1996, and use of S-57 is specified in the IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS (IMO
Resolution A/817 (19), December 1995).
S-57 has been frozen for four years, from November 1996, with a view to allowing HOs to produce ENC data
conforming to Edition 3.0, and ECDIS manufacturers to market their systems.
It is currently available in both digital and paper formats. The printed version includes only a selection of the pages
from the Object Catalogue.
5.3.2 Contents
The ISO Transfer Standard S-57 has the following contents.
— Part 1: General Introduction
— Part 2: Theoretical Data Model
— Part3:DataStructure
— Annex A: ISO/IEC Summary & Examples
— Annex B: Alternate Character Sets
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ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
— Appendix A: IHO Object Catalogue
— Chapter 1: Object Classes
— Chapter 2: Attributes
— Annex A: IHO Codes for Producing Agencies
— Annex B: Attributes/Object Classes Cross-reference
— Appendix B: Product Specifications
— Appendix B1: ENC Product Specification
— Annex A: Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC
—AnnexB:CRCCode
— Appendix B2: Data Dictionary Product Specification
5.3.3 Maintenance
The IHO Transfer Standard, S-57 Edition 3.0, is maintained by means of “Maintenance Documents” (MD). These
MDs are produced by the IHO TSMAD, through an agreed maintenance mechanism.
Each MD contains three sections: Clarifications, Corrections and Extensions. Each of these is explained in its
respective Introduction section. Each time that the Transfer Standard Maintenance and Applications Development
Working Group (TSMAD) meets and produces any changes, clarifications or extensions to the Standard, a new MD
is produced.
Within a Maintenance Document, each item is assigned a unique Identifier. This Identifier takes the following form:
MD.SS.NNN
where MD = the MD Number, SS = the Section Title (Cl: Clarifications, Co: Correction, Ex: Extension), and NNN =
the Item's sequential number within a section. For example, 1.Co.12 is the 12th item in the Corrections Section for
MD 1. All items within a section are presented in the same order as the sections of the Standard.
MDs are made available from the IHO Website http://www.iho.shom.fr
S-57 MD No. 1 and S-57 MD No. 2 were released in November 1997 and June 1998 respectively.
In addition, Annex A to S-57 Appendix B1 “Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC” (USOC) is maintained by means of
new editions, as this document may be subject to frequent changes. These new editions are also produced by
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
01-november-2003
Geografske informacije - Funkcionalni standardi
Geographic information -- Functional standards
Information géographique -- Normes fonctionnelles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TR 19120:2001
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003

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SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19120
First edition
2001-07-01
Geographic information — Functional
standards
Information géographique — Normes fonctionnelles
Reference number
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
© ISO 2001

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be
edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file,
parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2001
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's mem-
ber body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 References . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Review of functional standards . 4
6 Use of profiles to map functional standards to ISO 19100 base standards . 9
Annexes
A ISO 19104, Geographic information — Terminology. 16
A.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 16
A.2 Key issues to be addressed . 16
B ISO 19106, Geographic information — Profiles. 17
B.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 17
B.2 Key issues to be addressed . 17
C ISO 19107, Geographic information — Spatial schema . 18
C.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 18
C.2 Key issues to be addressed . 18
C.3 Response from project team . 20
D ISO 19108, Geographic information — Temporal schema. 21
D.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 21
D.2 Key issues to be addressed . 21
E ISO 19109, Geographic information — Rules for application schema . 22
E.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 22
E.2 Key issues to be addressed . 22
F ISO 19110, Geographic information — Feature cataloguing methodology . 23
F.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 23
F.2 Key issues to be addressed . 23
F.3 Response from project team . 23
G ISO 19111, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by coordinates . 24
G.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 24
G.2 Key issues to be addressed . 24
H ISO 19112, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers . 25
I ISO 19113, Geographic information — Quality principles . 26
I.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 26
I.2 Key issues to be addressed . 26
I.3 Response from project team . 26
J ISO 19114, Geographic information — Quality evaluation procedures . 27
J.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 27
J.2 Key issues to be addressed . 27
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SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
K ISO 19115, Geographic information — Metadata. 28
K.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 28
K.2 Key issues to be addressed . 28
K.3 Response from project team . 28
L ISO 19116, Geographic information — Positioning services. 29
L.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 29
L.2 Key issues to be addressed . 29
L.3 Response from project team . 29
M ISO 19117, Geographic information — Portrayal . 30
M.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 30
M.2 Key issues to be addressed . 30
M.3 Response from project team . 30
N ISO 19118, Geographic information — Encoding. 31
N.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 31
N.2 Issues to be addressed . 31
O ISO 19119, Geographic information — Services. 32
O.1 Summary of functional standards characteristics . 32
O.2 Issues to be addressed . 32
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SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority
vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature
and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Technical Report may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 19120 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
©
ISO 2001 – All rights reserved v

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SIST-TP ISO/TR 19120:2003
ISO/TR 19120:2001(E)
Introduction
The ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards under development within ISO/TC 211 provides a
framework for the development of geographic information standards. There are a number of existing functional
standards in use within the international community that would seek to achieve compliance with the emerging
ISO 19100 series of standards.
The availability of a common frame of reference, as provided by the ISO 19100 series, may also present an
opportunity for harmonization between the functional standards to the extent that such harmonization supports the
primary goal of harmonization of the functional standards with the ISO 19100 series, but harmonization between
functional standards is not the subject of this report. This Technical Report seeks to identify how functional standards
can be developed as profiles of the ISO 19100 series of standards and how this profiling process can promote
harmonization between these functional standards.
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Geographic information — Functional standards
1 Scope
Within the context of this Technical Report, a functional standard has been identified as an existing geographic
information standard, in active use within the international community. National standards have not been considered
within this report.
This Technical Report seeks to identify the components of those recognized functional standards and to identify
elements that can be harmonized between these standards and with the ISO/TC 211 base standards. This Technical
Report provides a starting point for a feedback cycle between the functional standards communities and the
ISO 19100 series component project teams.
2 References
ISO/IEC 8211:1994, Information technology — Specification for a data descriptive file for information interchange
ISO/IEC 8824 (all parts):1998, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998, Information technology — Framework and taxonomy of International Standardized
Profiles — Part 1: General principles and documentation framework
1)
ISO 19101:— , Geographic information — Reference model
1)
ISO 19102:— , Geographic information — Overview
1)
ISO/TS 19103:— , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
1)
ISO 19104:— , Geographic information — Terminology
ISO 19105:2000, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
1)
ISO 19106:— , Geographic information — Profiles
1)
ISO 19107:— , Geographic information — Spatial schema
1)
ISO 19108:— , Geographic information — Temporal schema
1)
ISO 19109:— , Geographic information — Rules for application schema
1)
ISO 19110:— , Geographic information — Feature cataloguing methodology
1)
ISO 19111:— , Geographic information — Spatial referencing by coordinates
1)
ISO 19112:— , Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identiers
1)
ISO 19113:— , Geographic information — Quality principles
1)
ISO 19114:— , Geographic information — Quality evaluation procedures
1) To be published.
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1)
ISO 19115:— , Geographic information — Metadata
1)
ISO 19116:— , Geographic information — Positioning services
1)
ISO 19117:— , Geographic information — Portrayal
1)
ISO 19118:— , Geographic information —Encoding
1)
ISO 19119:— , Geographic information —Services
ISO/TR 14825, Geographic Data Files (GDF)
CEN ENV 14825, Geographic Data Files (GDF)
Digital Geographic Exchange Standard (DIGEST). Digital Geographic Information Working Group — Edition 2.0
June 1997
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Transfer Standard S-57, Edition 3.0
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
encapsulation
collection of specified data content in a well-defined coding structure or the process by which it is done
3.2
functional standard
existing geographic information exchange standard, developed specifically for transfer of data between entities in
different nations, and currently used for that purpose
3.3
module
predefined set of elements in a base standard that may be used to construct a profile
3.4
profile
set of one or more base standards and - where applicable - the identification of chosen clauses, classes, subsets,
options and parameters of those base standards that are necessary for accomplishing a particular function
[ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998]
3.5
product specification
description of the universe of discourse and a specification for mapping the universe of discourse to a dataset
4 Abbreviated terms
BIIF Binary Image Intechange Format
CHRIS Committee on Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems (IHO)
CHS Canadian Hydrographic Service
DBWG Data Base Working Group, now called TSMADWG (IHO)
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DIGEST Standard for the exchange of digital geographic information. Supports the exchange of DGI required to
support military operations
DGI Digital geographic information
DGIWG Digital Geographic Information Working Group
DNC Digital Nautical Chart (DIGEST)
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System (S-57)
ENC Electronic Nautical Chart (S-57)
FACC Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue (DIGEST)
FRS Feature Representation Scheme (GDF)
GDF Geographic Data Files (CEN/ISO), standard for definition and exchange of digital road databases with a
focus on navigation applications
HO Hydrographic Office
HWP Harmonization Working Party (joint DGIWG/IHO)
ICD Interface Control Document (DGIWG/IHO HWP)
IHB International Hydrographic Bureau (secretariat of the IHO)
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
IIF Image Interchange Format
IMO International Maritime Organization
MD Maintenance Document (refers to S-57, published by TSMADWG)
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OGC Open GIS Consortium, Inc.
OGIS Open GIS
S-57 IHO Transfer Standard; standard for the exchange of digital hydrographic data between national
Hydrographic Offices, and for the distribution of such data to manufacturers, mariners and other users
STANAG Standardization Agreement (NATO)
TSMAD Transfer Standard Maintenance and Applications Development Working Group (IHO)
USOC Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC (S-57)
VRF Vector Relational Format (DIGEST encapsulation)
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5 Review of functional standards
5.1 General
This Technical Report reviews a selection of functional standards currently in use within the international digital
geographic information community. The standards selected are not intended to represent an exhaustive review of all
the de-facto international geographic data standards currently in existence. Such work has been carried out by other
organizations; rather than duplicating their effort, this Technical Report addresses a number of existing standards in
wide use at the current time.
The experience gained in considering the activities required to develop these functional standards into profiles of the
ISO 19100 series of standards is valuable to any developer or data producer considering the use of profiles as a
mechanism for achieving compliance with the ISO 19100 series.
The review of the functional standards in parallel with the development of the ISO 19100 series of standards, has
identified the need for liaison between the International Standard developers and the functional standard community.
— The “sequential” development of International Standards should be cyclically linked to the external functional
standards communities. This provides for a “sanity check” on the emerging international standards by providing
real test cases.
— Once the component base standards have reached International Standard status, they still may not be adequate
to handle all requirements of the functional standards. These outstanding requirements may prompt future
versions of the standard to be developed.
Three functional standards are considered within this Technical Report. They are as follows.
— DIGEST (Digital Geographic Exchange Standard): In use to support the military DGI requirements amongst
NATO nations. The standard is maintained by the Digital Geographic Working Group (DGIWG).
— GDF (Geographic Data Files): In use to define and exchange digital road databases, with a particular emphasis
on navigation applications.
— S-57: In use to support the exchange of digital hydrographic data between national Hydrographic Offices and for
distribution to manufacturers, mariners, and other data users.
Each of the functional standards considered within this Technical Report comes from a different user community, and
as such brings a unique perspective to the profiling activity. Each of the standards and their intended audience are
summarized in the following sections.
5.2 The Digital Geographic Information Working Group (DGIWG) DIGEST Standard
5.2.1 Introduction
The Digital Geographic Information Working Group (DGIWG) was established in 1983 to support the exchange of
Digital Geographic Information (DGI) among the military of NATO nations. The DGIWG membership includes
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the UK and the US. Four countries
have observer status: Australia, Portugal, Greece and New Zealand.
The DGIWG is not an official NATO body; however, the DGIWG's standardization work has been recognized and
welcomed by the NATO Geographic Conference (NGC). The DGIWG developed and maintains DIGEST as an
exchange standard to facilitate the exchange of DGI to support interoperability within and between the military
components of NATO nations, and to promote burden sharing of digital data production. The scope of this activity
includes dataset specification development and harmonization of standards.
The DIGEST standard has been subject to continual evolution, in order to satisfy the requirements of the defence
user community, and has evolved beyond its initial conception as an exchange standard, and now forms a true
geospatial standard, addressing quality, data modelling and feature cataloguing in addition to data exchange formats.
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In the future, defence data providers will be required to support multinational forces with global coverage of
geographic data. This data will need to be produced accurately and provided quickly in order to support the needs of
the forces. Thus the need to burden share and to interoperate is critical. The DGIWG seeks to meet this objective by
developing DIGEST in order to provide a common core of data standards and processes to support interoperability.
DIGEST has become a NATO standardization agreement (STANAG 7074) and the latest version of DIGEST,
edition 2.0, was released in June 1997.
5.2.2 Contents
DIGEST supports the exchange of raster, matrix, imagery and vector DGI (and associated text) among producers
and users. DIGEST supports a range of vector topological structures:
— Level 0 topology - “Spaghetti”
— Level 1 topology - “Chain-Node”
— Level 2 topology - “Planar Graph”
— Level 3 topology - “Planar Graph with Face”
The standard describes a variety of encapsulations, which are in effect profiles, for the various data models
supported by DIGEST. These encapsulations are defined in a series of Annexes to the standard. DIGEST also
includes the Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue (FACC), which forms a comprehensive coding scheme for
features, their attributes and attribute values.
The structure of the DIGEST document is as follows:
a) Part 1: General Description
b) Part 2: Theoretical Model, Exchange Structure and Encapsulation Specifications
— Annex A: ISO/IEC 8211 Encapsulation Specifications
— Annex B: ISO/IEC 8824 Encapsulation Specifications
— Annex C: Vector Relational Format (VRF) Encapsulation Specification
DIGEST VRF encapsulation describes the vector format supported by the DIGEST standard. VRF supports
multiple levels of vector topology, and also supports application level relationships between features, such as
“connected to”, “stacked on” and “stacked under”.
— Annex D: Image Interchange Format (IIF) Encapsulation
IIF complies with the Binary Image Interchange Format (BIIF).
— Annex E: ASCII Encapsulation
Table of contents when the transmittal is non-standard (due to more than one kind of data structure or
encapsulation)
c) Part 3: Codes and Parameters
d) Part 4: Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue.
FACC is a data dictionary of feature and attribute definitions and coding schemes used across the DIGEST family
of products.
A number of products have been developed to the DIGEST standard, and are in active use. These include:
ASRP ARC standard raster product
DTED Digital Terrain Elevation Data
DNC Digital Nautical Chart
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VMAP Vector map - A family of vector mapping products derived from high, medium and low scale sources
WVS World Vector Shoreline
Further information is available from the DIGEST web site http://www.digest.org
5.2.3 Maintenance
DIGEST is maintained by the DGIWG. A number of working parties have been set up to address technical issues
associated with the standard. These working parties are directed by, and report to the DGIWG Technical Committee,
which in turn reports to the DGIWG Steering Committee.
The working parties address issues arising from the current edition of DIGEST, and also seek to develop DIGEST to
meet the emerging requirements of the DGIWG user community.
Currently the DGIWG is planning development of DIGEST edition 3.0. Edition 3.0 will be developed making use of
the ISO 19100 series of standards.
5.3 The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-57 Transfer Standard
5.3.1 Introduction
The International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) in Monaco (founded in 1926), is the Secretariat of the International
Hydrographic Organization (IHO). The IHO is an international organization based upon an intergovernmental
convention that came into force in 1970. IHO presently comprises 67 Member States represented by their
Hydrographic Offices (HOs). Additionally, application for IHO membership by approximately 10 states is pending.
Most of the major coastal states are members of the IHO.
The IHO Transfer Standard S-57 is intended to be used for the exchange of digital hydrographic data between
national Hydrographic Offices and for distribution to manufacturers, mariners, and other data users. S-57 was
adopted as the official IHO standard by the XIVth International Hydrographic Conference, Monaco, 4-15 May 1992. It
supports the exchange of vector (and later raster and matrix) hydrographic data. It comprises a theoretical data
model, on which the standard has been based, a description of the data structure, and a catalogue of objects and
attributes. In the data structure, provision has been made for the encoding of chart updates.
Additionally, S-57 includes a product specification for Electronic Nautical Chart (ENC). Edition 3.0 of S-57 was
published in November 1996, and use of S-57 is specified in the IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS (IMO
Resolution A/817 (19), December 1995).
S-57 has been frozen for four years, from November 1996, with a view to allowing HOs to produce ENC data
conforming to Edition 3.0, and ECDIS manufacturers to market their systems.
It is currently available in both digital and paper formats. The printed version includes only a selection of the pages
from the Object Catalogue.
5.3.2 Contents
The ISO Transfer Standard S-57 has the following contents.
— Part 1: General Introduction
— Part 2: Theoretical Data Model
— Part3:DataStructure
— Annex A: ISO/IEC Summary & Examples
— Annex B: Alternate Character Sets
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— Appendix A: IHO Object Catalogue
— Chapter 1: Object Classes
— Chapter 2: Attributes
— Annex A: IHO Codes for Producing Agencies
— Annex B: Attributes/Object Classes Cross-reference
— Appendix B: Product Specifications
— Appendix B1: ENC Product Specification
— Annex A: Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC
—AnnexB:CRCCode
— Appendix B2: Data Dictionary Product Specification
5.3.3 Maintenance
The IHO Transfer Standard, S-57 Edition 3.0, is maintained by means of “Maintenance Documents” (MD). These
MDs are produced by the IHO TSMAD, through an agreed maintenance mechanism.
Each MD contains three sections: Clarifications, Corrections and Extensions. Each of these is explained in its
res
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