SIST EN ISO 5349-2:2002

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace (ISO 5349-2:2001)Mechanische Schwingungen - Messung und Bewertung der Einwirkung von Schwingungen auf das Hand-Arm-System des Menschen - Teil 2: Praxisgerechte Anleitung zur Messung am Arbeitsplatz (ISO 5349-2:2001)Vibrations mécaniques - Mesurage et évaluation de l'exposition des individus aux vibrations transmises par la main - Partie 2: Guide pratique pour le mesurage sur le lieu de travail (ISO 5349-2:2001)Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace (ISO 5349-2:2001)13.160Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na ljudiVibration and shock with respect to human beingsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 5349-2:2001SIST EN ISO 5349-2:2002en01-januar-2002SIST EN ISO 5349-2:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD







EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 5349-2August 2001ICS 13.160English versionMechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of humanexposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 2: Practicalguidance for measurement at the workplace (ISO 5349-2:2001)Vibrations mécaniques - Mesurage et évaluation del'exposition des individus aux vibrations transmises par lamain - Partie 2: Guide pratique pour le mesurage sur le lieude travail (ISO 5349-2:2001)Mechanische Schwingungen - Messung und Bewertung derEinwirkung von Schwingungen auf das Hand-Arm-Systemdes Menschen - Teil 2: Praxisgerechte Anleitung zurMessung am Arbeitsplatz (ISO 5349-2:2001)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 June 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 5349-2:2001 E



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)2ContentspageForeword.3Introduction.41Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions and symbols.53.1Terms and definitions.53.2Symbols.64Quantities to be evaluated.65Preparation of the measurement procedure.75.1General.75.2Selection of operations to be measured.75.3Organization of the measurements.85.4Duration of vibration measurements.95.5Estimation of daily vibration duration.106Measurement of vibration magnitude.116.1Measurement equipment.116.2Sources of uncertainty in vibration measurement.166.3Check and verification of the measurement chain.177Uncertainty of evaluation of daily vibration exposure.177.1Acceleration measurement uncertainty.177.2Exposure time measurement uncertainty.187.3Evaluation of uncertainties.188Calculation of the daily vibration exposure.199Information to be reported.19Annex A (informative)
Examples of measurement locations.22Annex B (informative)
Evaluation of vibration exposure over periods greater than one day.29Annex C (informative)
Mechanical filters.31Annex D (informative)
Guidance on mounting accelerometers.32Annex E (informative)
Examples of the calculation of daily vibration exposure.35Bibliography.43



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)3ForewordThe text of EN ISO 5349-2:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231 "Mechanical vibrationand shock", the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 108"Mechanical vibration and shock".This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by February 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby February 2002.Users of this EN, prepared in the field of application of Article 137 (formerly 118a) of the EC Treaty, should beaware that standards have no formal legal relationship with Directives which may have been made under Article 137of the Treaty. In addition, national legislation in the Member states may contain more stringent requirements thanthe minimum requirements of a Directive based on Article 137. Information on the relationship between the nationallegislation implementing Directives based on Article 137 and this EN may be given in a national foreword of thenational standard implementing this EN.Annexes A to E of this European Standard are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)4IntroductionOperating machinery may expose workers to hand-transmitted mechanical vibration which can interfere withcomfort, working efficiency and, in some circumstances, health and safety. The general requirements for measuringand evaluating hand-transmitted vibration exposure are specified in ISO 5349-1. The aim of the present part ofISO 5349 is to provide practical guidelines in accordance with ISO 5349-1 to perform measurements correctly andto develop an effective strategy for measurement of hand-transmitted vibration at the workplace.The use of the strategy described in this part of ISO 5349 will lead to a realistic picture of the daily exposure of theoperator at the workplace and of the relevant uncertainties.The evaluation of vibration exposure can be broken up into a number of distinct stages:–identifying a series of discrete operations which make up the subject's normal working pattern;–selection of operations to be measured;–measuring the r.m.s. acceleration value for each selected operation;–evaluation of the typical daily exposure time for each operation identified;–calculating the 8-h energy-equivalent vibration total value (daily vibration exposure).The evaluation of vibration exposure as described in ISO 5349-1 is solely based on the measurement of vibrationmagnitude at the grip zones or handles and exposure times. Additional factors, such as gripping and feed forcesapplied by the operator, the posture of the hand and arm, the direction of the vibration and the environmentalconditions, etc. are not taken into consideration. This part of ISO 5349, being an application of ISO 5349-1, does notdefine guidance to evaluate these additional factors. However, it is recognized that reporting of all relevantinformation is important for the development of improved methods for the assessment of vibration risk.



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)51ScopeThis part of ISO 5349 provides guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration at theworkplace in accordance with ISO 5349-1.This part of ISO 5349 describes the precautions to be taken to make representative vibration measurements and todetermine the daily exposure time for each operation in order to calculate the 8-h energy-equivalent vibration totalvalue (daily vibration exposure). This part of ISO 5349 provides a means to determine the relevant operations whichshould be taken into account when determining the vibration exposure.This part of ISO 5349 applies to all situations where people are exposed to vibration transmitted to the hand-armsystem by hand-held or hand-guided machinery, vibrating workpieces, or controls of mobile or fixed machinery.2Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Europeanstandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).ISO 2041, Vibration and shock – Vocabulary.ISO 5349-1:2001, Mechanical vibration – Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmittedvibration – Part 1: General requirements.ISO 5805, Mechanical vibration and shock – Human exposure – Vocabulary.ISO 8041, Human response to vibration – Measuring instrumentation.ISO 8662 (all parts), Hand-held portable power tools – Measurement of vibrations at the handle.3Terms and definitions and symbols3.1Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO 5349, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and ISO 5805 and thefollowing apply.3.1.1hand-fed machinemachine where the operator feeds workpieces to the working part of the machine, such that the vibration exposureis obtained through the hand-held workpieceEXAMPLE
band-saw, pedestal grinder3.1.2hand-guided machinemachine which is guided by the operator with his hands, such that the vibration exposure is obtained through thehandles, steering wheel or tillerEXAMPLE
ride-on lawn mower, powered pallet truck, swing grinder



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)63.1.3hand-held workpieceworkpiece which is held in the hand, such that vibration exposure is obtained through the hand-held workpiecerather than, or as well as, through the power tool handleEXAMPLE
casting held against a pedestal grinder, wood fed into a band-saw3.1.4hand-held power toolpowered tool which is held in the handEXAMPLE
electric drill, pneumatic chisel, chain saw3.1.5inserted toolinterchangeable or replaceable attachment which fits into or onto a power tool or machineEXAMPLE
drill bit, chisel, chain saw chain, saw-blade, abrasive wheel3.1.6operationidentifiable task for which a representative vibration magnitude measurement is made, this may be for the use of asingle power tool, or hand-held workpiece type or for a single phase of a task3.1.7operatorperson using a hand-fed, hand-guided or hand-held machine or power tool3.1.8tool operationany period during which a power tool is operating and the operator is being exposed to hand-transmitted vibration3.1.9workpieceitem being operated upon by a power tool3.2SymbolsIn this part of ISO 5349, the following symbols are used:ahwisingle-axis root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of the frequency-weighted hand-transmitted vibration foroperation i, in m/s². An additional suffix x, y or z is used to indicate the direction of the measurement, i.e.ahwix, ahwiy and ahwizahvivibration total value (formerly denoted vector sum or frequency-weighted acceleration sum) for operation i(root-sum-of-squares of the ahwi values for the three axes of vibration), in m/s²A(8)daily vibration exposure, in m/s²Ai(8)contribution of operation i to the daily vibration exposure, in m/s² (for convenience, this is referred to as the"partial vibration exposure“)T0reference duration of 8 h (28800 s)Titotal duration (per day) of vibration exposure to operation i.4Quantities to be evaluatedThere are two principal quantities to be evaluated for each operation i during exposure to vibration:



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)7–the vibration total value ahvi, expressed in metres per second squared (m/s²); this value is calculated from thethree single-axis root-mean-square values of the frequency-weighted hand-transmitted vibration ahwix, ahwiy andahwiz;–the duration (per day) Ti of vibration exposure to operation i.The principal parameter to be reported is the daily vibration exposure A(8). This is calculated from the values ofahvi and Ti for all operations i (see clause 8).5Preparation of the measurement procedure5.1GeneralThe work of an operator at a workplace is composed of a series of operations, some of which may be repeated. Thevibration exposure may vary greatly from one operation to another, either due to the use of different power tools ormachines or different modes of operation of one power tool or machine.To evaluate daily vibration exposure, it is first necessary to identify the operations which are likely to contributesignificantly to the overall vibration exposure. For each of these operations, it is then necessary to decide onprocedures for measuring the vibration exposure. The methods to be used will depend on the characteristics of thework environment, the work pattern and the vibration source.5.2Selection of operations to be measuredIt is important to make measurements for all the power tools or workpieces which may give a significant contributionto the daily vibration exposure. To obtain a good picture of the average daily vibration exposure it is necessary toidentify alla)sources of vibration exposure (i.e. the machines and tools being used);b)modes of operation of the power tool, e.g.:–chain saws may be idling, operating under load while cutting through a tree trunk, or operating under low loadwhile cutting side branches,–a power drill may be used in impactive or non-impactive modes and may have a range of speed settingsavailable;c)changes in the operating conditions where this might affect vibration exposure, e.g.:–a road breaker being used initially on a hard concrete surface followed by use on the softer soil underneath,–a grinder being used initially for bulk metal removal followed by more intricate operations of cleaning andshaping;d)inserted tools which might affect vibration exposure, e.g.:–a sander may be used with a series of different grades of abrasive paper, ranging from coarse to fine,–a stonemason may use a pneumatic chisel with a range of different chisel bits.



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)8In addition, it can be useful to obtaine)information from workers and supervisors on which situations they believe produce the highest vibrationmagnitude;f)estimates of the potential vibration hazards for each operation, using information from manufacturers onvibration emission values, see annex A, or using published results of previous measurements on similar powertools.5.3Organization of the measurementsThe organization of measurements can be approached in four basic ways:a)Long-term measurement of continuous tool operationThe operation time is long and continuous, and during this time the operator maintains contact with the vibratingsurface. In this case the vibration measurement can be made over long periods during the normal use of thepower tool. The operation may include changes in vibration magnitude, provided that they are part of thenormal working procedure.In addition to vibration magnitude information, the evaluation of daily vibration exposure requires an evaluationof the duration of exposure to vibration per day.b)Long-term measurement of intermittent tool operationThe operation time is long but includes short breaks where there is no vibration exposure, however, during theoperation and breaks the operator maintains contact with the (vibrating) surface. In this case the vibrationmeasurement can be made over long periods during the normal use of the power tool, provided that any breaksin operation are part of the normal working procedure and that the operator does not lose contact with thepower tool or hand-held workpiece, or significantly alter position of his hands on the power tool or hand-heldworkpiece.In addition to vibration magnitude information, the evaluation of daily vibration exposure requires an evaluationof the duration of exposure to the operation per day. In this case the duration of exposure to the operationincludes the short breaks in vibration exposure and so will be longer than the duration of exposure to vibration.c)Short-term measurement of intermittent tool operationIn many situations the hand is often taken off the power tool or hand-held workpiece, e.g. the power tool is putdown, the hand is moved to a different part of the power tool, or another hand-held workpiece is picked up. Inother situations, changes have to be made to the power tools being used, e.g. different abrasive belts or drillbits fitted or alternative power tools used. In these cases short-term measurements can only be made duringeach phase of the work operation.In some cases it is difficult, or impossible, to get reliable measurements during the normal work process, due tothe exposure durations being too short for measurement purposes. In this case measurements may be madeduring simulated work operations which artificially arrange longer uninterrupted exposures with work conditionsas near to normal as possible.In addition to vibration magnitude information, the evaluation of daily vibration exposure requires an evaluationof the exposure duration associated with each work phase.d)Fixed-duration measurement of bursts of tool operation or single or multiple shocksSome operations involve exposure to short-duration bursts of vibration exposure, this may be single or multipleshocks, such as riveting hammers, nail guns, etc., or bursts of exposure, such as powered impact wrenches. Insuch cases it is often difficult to make an evaluation of actual exposure times, although the number of bursts ofvibration per day can be estimated. In this case measurements may be made over a fixed duration whichincludes one or more complete tool operations. The duration of measurement should include as little timebefore, between and after bursts of vibration as possible.



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)9In addition to vibration magnitude information and the estimate of the number of bursts of vibration exposuresper day, the evaluation of daily vibration exposure requires information on the measurement duration and thenumber of bursts of vibration during the measurement period.NOTE 1In the case of exposing the worker to multiple single shocks or transient vibration (e.g. fastening tools), the methoddescribed in ISO 5349-1 may not be adequate and underestimate the severity of shock exposure. However, in the absence of abetter method, ISO 5349-1 may be applied but this should be done with caution and be indicated in the information to bereported.NOTE 2Where measurements of vibration magnitude are to be compared (e.g. to compare the vibration produced by twodifferent power tool or inserted tool options) it is important to make measurements of continuous tool operation, i.e. with nobreaks in vibration exposure.5.4Duration of vibration measurements5.4.1Measurement during normal workingA measurement should be an average over a period which is representative of the typical use of a power tool,machine or process. Where possible, the measurement period should start when the worker's hands first contactthe vibrating surface, and should finish when the contact is broken. This period may include variations in thevibration magnitude and may even include periods when there is no exposure.Where possible, a series of sample measurements should be taken at different times of the day, and averaged, sothat variations in vibration through the day are accounted for.NOTEThe average vibration magnitude of a series of N vibration magnitude samples is given bytaTaj2hwjN1=jhw 1 = whereahwj is the measured vibration magnitude for sample jtj is the measurement duration of sample jtTjN1=j = Vibration exposures are often for short periods, which are repeated many times during a working day. Althoughmeasurements can be averaged over complete cycles of operation (including periods when the vibration source isswitched off), normally it is only possible to average over the short period that the hand is in contact with thevibrating surface.The minimum acceptable duration of measurements depends on the signal, instrumentation and operationcharacteristics. The total measuring time (i.e. the number of samples multiplied by the duration per measurement)should be at least 1 min. A number of shorter duration samples should be taken in preference to a single longduration measurement. For each operation, at least three samples should be taken.Measurements of very short duration (e.g. less than 8 s) are unlikely to be reliable, particularly in their evaluation oflow-frequency components, and should be avoided where possible. Where very short duration measurements areunavoidable (e.g. certain types of pedestal grinding for which contact times can be very short), it is advisable to takemany more than three samples to ensure a total sample time greater than 1 min.



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)105.4.2Simulated work proceduresWhere measurements are not possible, or difficult, during normal tool operation then simulated work procedurescan be used to simplify the vibration measurement process.The main use of simulated work procedures is to achieve measurements over longer periods than could be allowedduring normal production work. For example, the pedestal grinding of small castings may only last a few secondsper casting; rather than try to measure for short durations on many castings it may be possible to simulate thegrinding on a small number of scrap castings, using each scrap casting many times.Picking up, putting down or replacing the power tool or hand-held workpiece may disturb the measurement. Thesedisturbances may also be avoided by measuring during simulated work procedures which can be designed to avoidany interruptions between operations.5.5Estimation of daily vibration durationThe daily exposure duration for each vibration source shall be obtained. Often a typical daily vibration exposure timewill be based on–a measurement of the actual exposure time during a period of normal use (e.g. as evaluated over a completework cycle, or during a typical 30 min period) and–information on work rate (e.g. the number of work cycles per shift or the shift length).The first of these will be a measurement to determine how long an operator is exposed to vibration, and from whatsource, during a specified period. Various techniques may be used, for example:–use of a stopwatch;–use of a dedicated data logger linked to power tool usage;–analysis of video recordings;–activity sampling.The most reliable source of information on typical work rate is work records. However, it is important to ensure thatthe information is compatible with the information required for an evaluation of daily vibration exposure. Forexample, work records might give very accurate information on the number of completed work items at the end ofeach day, but where there is more than one operator, or unfinished work items at the end of a shift, this informationmay not be directly applicable to a vibration exposure evaluation.Whichever method is used for vibration measurement, the total exposure time per day has to be found. Where thevibration has been averaged over a complete work cycle, the daily exposure time is simply the duration of the workcycle multiplied by the number of cycles per day. If a measurement has been made for a period while the hand is incontact with the vibrating surface, evaluate the total contact time per day.Warning! In general, when operators are asked for information on their typical daily power tool usage, they willnormally overestimate, giving an estimate of the period of time for which a power tool is used, including pauses intool operation (e.g. breaks in tool operation between nuts when operating a nut runner or the time to prepare a newworkpiece).NOTEISO 5349-1 only provides a system for evaluating daily vibration exposure on one working day; it cannot beassumed that the method provided by ISO 5349-1 can be extrapolated to allow the averaging of exposures over periodsgreater than one day. However, in some situations it may be desirable to obtain an evaluation of exposure based on exposureinformation obtained over periods greater than one day. For example, in some types of work the amount of time using vibratingpower tools changes significantly from one day to the next (e.g. industries such as construction or ship building and repair); it isthen difficult, or impossible, to use observation or work records to obtain an indication of typical daily exposure times. Annex Bgives examples of methods which have been used for evaluating vibration exposures over periods greater than one day.



EN ISO 5349-2:2001 (E)116Measurement of vibration magnitude6.1Measurement equipment6.1.1GeneralVibration measurement systems generally use accelerometers to detect the motion of the vibrating surface. Thevibration signal from the accelerometer can be processed in a number of different ways to achieve a measure of thefrequency-weighted acceleration.Vibration measurements may be made using simple, single-unit vibration meters, featuring built-in frequencyweightings and integrating facilities. These systems are designed primarily to evaluate the vibration exposure at theworkplace; they are generally sufficient for most situations covered by this part of ISO 5349. However, simpleinstrumentation may not be able to show errors associated with vibration measurement.More sophisticated measurement systems are often based around some form of frequency analysis (e.g. one-third-octave or narrow band), they may use digital or analogue data recorders to store time information, they may usecomputer-based data acquisition and analysis techniques. These systems are more costly and complex to operatethan the single-unit systems.Where there is any doubt about the quality of the acceleration signal (e.g. DC-shift, see 6.2.4) it is useful to haveinformation from frequency analysis. Frequency analysis will also provide information on any dominant frequencies,and harmonics, which may help to identify effective vibration control measures.At the limits of application of ISO 5349-1 (e.g. repeated single shocks, dominant frequency components exceeding1250 Hz) any additional information available e.g. from more sophisticated measurement systems may be useful.Minimum performance requirements (e.g. frequency weighting characteristics, tolerances, dynamic range,sen
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