SIST EN 45501:2015

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Meroslovni vidiki neavtomatskih tehtnicMetrologische Aspekte der nichtselbsttätigen WaagenAspects métrologiques des instruments de pesage à fonctionnement non automatiqueMetrological aspects of non-automatic weighing instruments17.060Merjenje prostornine, mase, gostote, viskoznostiMeasurement of volume, mass, density, viscosityICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 45501:2015SIST EN 45501:2015en,fr01-april-2015SIST EN 45501:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 45501:1995+AC:19961DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 45501:2015



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 45501
February 2015 ICS 17.100
Supersedes
EN 45501:1992
English Version
Metrological aspects of non-automatic weighing instruments
Aspects métrologiques des instruments de pesage à fonctionnement non automatique
Metrologische Aspekte der nichtselbsttätigen Waagen This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 30 June 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 45501:2015 E SIST EN 45501:2015



EN 45501:2015 - 2 -
Contents Foreword . 5 Introduction . 6 Terminology . 7 T.1 General definitions . 7 T.2 Construction of an instrument . 9 T.3 Metrological characteristics of an instrument . 15 T.4 Metrological properties of an instrument. 16 T.5 Indications and errors. 17 T.6 Influences and reference conditions . 22 T.7 Performance test . 22 T.8 Index of terms defined . 22 T.9 Abbreviations and symbols . 24 1 Scope . 27 2 Principles of the European Standard . 27 2.1 Units of measurement . 27 2.2 Principles of the metrological requirements . 27 2.3 Principles of the technical requirements . 27 2.4 Application of requirements . 28 2.5 Terminology . 28 3 Metrological requirements . 28 3.1 Principles of classification . 28 3.2 Classification of instruments . 28 3.3 Additional requirements for multi-interval instruments . 29 3.4 Auxiliary indicating devices . 30 3.5 Maximum permissible errors . 32 3.6 Permissible differences between results . 33 3.7 Test standards . 33 3.8 Discrimination . 34 3.9 Variations due to influence quantities and time . 34 3.10 Type evaluation tests and examinations . 38 4 Technical requirements for self- or semi-self-indicating instruments . 43 4.1 General construction requirements . 43 4.2 Indication of weighing results . 45 4.3 Analog indicating device . 46 4.4 Digital indicating devices . 48 4.5 Zero-setting and zero-tracking devices . 49 4.6 Tare devices . 51 4.7 Preset tare devices . 54 4.8 Locking positions . 55 4.9 Auxiliary verification devices (removable or fixed) . 55 4.10 Selection of weighing ranges on a multiple range instrument . 55 4.11 Devices for selection (or switching) between various load receptors and/or load transmitting devices and various load measuring devices . 56 4.12 “Plus and minus” comparator instruments . 56 4.13 Instruments for direct sales to the public . 56 4.14 Additional requirements for price-computing instruments for direct sales to the public . 58 4.15 Instruments similar to those normally used for direct sales to the public . 60 4.16 Price-labeling instruments . 60 4.17 Mechanical counting instruments with unit-weight receptor . 60 4.18 Additional technical requirements for mobile instruments (see also 3.9.1.1) . 61 4.19 Portable instruments for weighing road vehicles . 62 4.20 Modes of operation . 62 5 Technical requirements for electronic instruments . 63 SIST EN 45501:2015



- 3 - EN 45501:2015
5.1 General requirements . 63 5.2 Acting upon significant faults . 63 5.3 Functional requirements . 63 5.4 Performance and span stability tests . 64 5.5 Additional requirements for software-controlled electronic devices . 65 6 Technical requirements for non-self-indicating instruments . 71 6.1 Minimum sensitivity . 71 6.2 Acceptable solutions for indicating devices . 71 6.3 Conditions of construction . 72 6.4 Simple equal arm beam . 73 6.5 Simple 1/10 ratio beam . 73 6.6 Simple sliding poise instruments (steelyards) . 74 6.7 Roberval and Béranger instruments . 75 6.8 Instruments with ratio platforms . 75 6.9 Instruments with a load-measuring device having accessible sliding poises (of the steelyard type) . 76 7 Marking of instruments and modules . 77 7.1 Descriptive Markings . 77 7.2 Other marks . 80 8 Metrological controls . 81 8.1 Liability to metrological controls . 81 8.2 Type approval . 81 8.3 Verification of conformity to type . 81 Annex A (normative) Testing procedures for non-automatic weighing instruments . 83 A.1 Administrative examination (8.2.1) . 83 A.2 Compare construction with documentation (8.2.2) . 83 A.3 Initial examination . 83 A.4 Performance tests . 83 A.5 Influence factors . 92 A.6 Endurance test (3.9.4.3) . 95 Annex B (normative) Additional tests for electronic instruments . 97 B.1 General requirements for electronic instruments under test . 97 B.2 Damp heat, steady state . 97 B.3 Performance tests for disturbances . 97 B.4 Span stability test . 104 Annex C (normative) Testing and Evaluation of indicators and analog data processing devices as modules of non-automatic weighing instruments . 106 C.1 Applicable requirements . 106 C.2 General principles of testing . 107 C.3 Tests . 111 C.4 Evaluation Record . 114 Annex D (normative) Testing and Evaluation of digital data processing devices, terminals and digital displays as modules of non-automatic weighing instruments . 116 D.1 Applicable requirements . 116 D.2 General principles of testing . 117 D.3 Tests . 117 D.4 Evaluation record . 118 Annex E (normative) Testing and Evaluation of weighing modules as modules of non-automatic weighing instruments . 119 E.1 Applicable requirements . 119 E.2 General principles of testing . 120 E.3 Tests . 120 E.4 Evaluation Record . 120 Annex F (normative) (Mandatory for separately tested modules) Compatibility checking of modules of non-automatic weighing instruments . 122 F.1 Weighing instruments . 122 SIST EN 45501:2015



EN 45501:2015 - 4 -
F.2 Separately tested load cells . 123 F.3 Separately tested indicators and analog data processing devices . 124 F.4 Compatibility checks for modules with analog output . 126 F.5 Compatibility checks for modules with digital output . 128 F.6 Examples of compatibility checks for modules with analog output . 128 Annex G (normative) Additional examinations and tests for software-controlled digital devices and instruments . 133 G.1 Devices and instruments with embedded software (5.5.1) . 133 G.2 Personal computers and other devices with programmable or loadable software (5.5.2) . 133 G.3 Data storage devices (5.5.3) . 134 G.4 Test record format . 135 Annex ZZ (informative)
Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives . 136 Bibliography . 137
SIST EN 45501:2015



- 5 - EN 45501:2015
Foreword This document (EN 45501:2015) has been prepared by a Joint CEN/CENELEC Working Group on Non-automatic Weighing Instruments.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
(dop) 2015-08-13 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2015-08-13
This document supersedes EN 45501:1992.
EN 45501:2015 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 45501:1992:
In preparing this European Standard, EN 45501:1992 which formed the basis of this standard, was considered, but with additions and amendments to take into account the developments in technology which have occurred in the intervening years. Significant changes include, extensions to the EMC immunity requirements to reflect the greater use of wireless technology for many purposes, enhanced specifications for the integrity and security of software and testing regimes to confirm compliance, requirements for portable and mobile instruments, and recognition of the use of modular elements in families of instruments with enhanced testing requirements for both analog and digital modules and systems for confirming the compatibility of modules when combined into a single instrument or system.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this document.
SIST EN 45501:2015



EN 45501:2015 - 6 -
Introduction This European Standard has been adapted from the OIML Recommendation R 76-1, Edition 2006, Non-automatic weighing instruments - Part 1: Metrological and technical requirements - Tests by a Joint Working Group from CEN and CENELEC. It was elaborated following a standardization request from the Commission of the European Communities to CEN and CENELEC to establish a European Standards related to Council Directive 2009/23/EC on Non-automatic weighing instruments. SIST EN 45501:2015



- 7 - EN 45501:2015
Terminology (terms, definitions and references) The terminology used in this standard conforms to the “International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology” (VIM) [1] , the “International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology” (VIML) [2]. In addition, for the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. An index of all the terms, definitions and references defined below can be found under T.8. T.1 General definitions T.1.1 Weighing instrument Measuring instrument that serves to determine the mass of a body by using the action of gravity on this body. NOTE
In this standard “mass” (or “weight value”) is preferably used in the sense of “conventional mass” or “conventional value of the result of weighing in air”,, according to OIML R111 or D28 whereas “weight” is preferably used for an embodiment (i.e. material measure) of mass that is regulated in regard to its physical and metrological characteristics. The instrument may also be used to determine other quantities, magnitudes, parameters or characteristics related to the determined mass. According to its method of operation, a weighing instrument is classified as an automatic weighing instrument or a non-automatic weighing instrument. T.1.2 Non-automatic weighing instrument Instrument that requires the intervention of an operator during the weighing process to decide that the weighing result is acceptable. NOTE 1
Deciding that the weighing result is acceptable includes any intelligent action by the operator that affects the result, such as taking an action when an indication is stable or adjusting the mass of the weighed load, and to make a decision regarding the acceptance of each weighing result on observing the indication or releasing a print out. A non-automatic weighing process allows the operator to take an action (i.e. adjust the load, adjust the unit price, determine that the load is acceptable, etc.) which influences the weighing result in the case where the weighing result is not acceptable. A non-automatic weighing instrument may be  graduated or non-graduated, or  self-indicating, semi-self-indicating or non-self-indicating. NOTE 2
In this standard a non-automatic weighing instrument is called an “instrument”. T.1.2.1 Graduated instrument Instrument allowing the direct reading of the complete or partial weighing result. T.1.2.2 Non-graduated instrument Instrument not fitted with a scale numbered in units of mass. T.1.2.3 Self-indicating instrument Instrument in which the position of equilibrium is obtained without the intervention of an operator. T.1.2.4 Semi-self-indicating instrument Instrument with a self-indicating weighing range, in which the operator intervenes to alter the limits of this range. T.1.2.5 Non-self-indicating instrument Instrument in which the position of equilibrium is obtained entirely by the operator. T.1.2.6 Electronic instrument SIST EN 45501:2015



EN 45501:2015 - 8 -
Instrument equipped with electronic devices. T.1.2.7 Instrument with price scales Instrument that indicates the price to pay by means of price charts or scales related to a range of unit prices. T.1.2.8 Price-computing instrument Instrument that calculates the price to pay on the basis of the indicated weight value and the unit price. T.1.2.9 Price-labeling instrument Price-computing instrument that prints the weight value, unit price and price to pay for prepackages. T.1.2.10 Self-service instrument Instrument that is intended to be operated by the customer. T.1.2.11 Mobile instrument Non-automatic weighing instrument mounted on or incorporated into a vehicle. NOTE 1
A vehicle-mounted instrument is a complete weighing instrument which is firmly mounted on a vehicle, and which is designed for that special purpose. EXAMPLE 1: Postal scale mounted on a vehicle (mobile post office). NOTE 2
A vehicle-incorporated instrument uses parts of the vehicle for the weighing instrument. EXAMPLE 2: Garbage weighers, patient lifters, pallet lifters, fork lifters, wheel chair weighers. T.1.2.12 Portable instrument for weighing road vehicles Non-automatic weighing instrument having a load receptor, in one or several parts, which determines the total mass of road vehicles, and which is designed to be moved to other locations. EXAMPLES: Portable weighbridge, group of associated non-automatic axle (or wheel) load weighers. NOTE
This standard covers only weighbridges and groups of associated non-automatic axle (or wheel) load weighers that determine simultaneously the total mass of a road vehicle with all axles (or wheels) being simultaneously supported by appropriate parts of a load receptor. T.1.2.13 Grading instrument Instrument which assigns a weighing result to a predetermined range of mass to determine a tariff or toll. EXAMPLES: Postal scales, garbage weighers. T.1.3 Indications of an instrument Value of a quantity provided by a measuring instrument. NOTE “Indication”, “indicate” or “indicating” includes both displaying and/or printing. T.1.3.1 Primary indications Indications, signals and symbols that are subject to requirements of this European Standard. T.1.3.2 Secondary indications Indications, signals and symbols that are not primary indications. SIST EN 45501:2015



- 9 - EN 45501:2015
T.2 Construction of an instrument In this standard the term “device” is used for any means by which a specific function is performed, irrespective of the physical realization, e.g. by a mechanism or a key initiating an operation. The device may be a small part or a major portion of an instrument. T.2.1 Main devices T.2.1.1 Load receptor Part of the instrument intended to receive the load. T.2.1.2 Load-transmitting device Part of the instrument for transmitting the force produced by the load acting on the load receptor to the load-measuring device. T.2.1.3 Load-measuring device Part of the instrument for measuring the mass of the load by means of an equilibrium device for balancing the force coming from the load transmitting device, and an indicating or printing device. T.2.2 Module Identifiable part of an instrument that performs a specific function or functions, and that can be separately evaluated in accordance with specific metrological and technical performance requirements in the relevant standard. The modules of a weighing instrument are subject to specified partial error limits. NOTE Typical modules of a weighing instrument are: load cell, indicator, analog or digital data processing device, weighing module, terminal, primary display. Evaluation Certificates and Parts Certificates in accordance with this standard can be issued for the modules mentioned in T.2.2.2 to T.2.2.7. SIST EN 45501:2015



EN 45501:2015 - 10 -
Analog load cell (T.2.2.1)
2
Digital load cell (T.2.2.1)
2 + 3 + (4)*
Indicator (T.2.2.2)
(3) + 4 + (5) + (6) + 7 Analog data processing device (T.2.2.3)
3 + 4 + (5) + (6)
Digital data processing device (T.2.2.4)
(4) + 5 + (6)
Terminal (T.2.2.5)
(5) + 6 + 7 Primary display (T.2.2.6)
7 Weighing module (T.2.2.7) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + (5) + (6)
NOTE
Numbers in brackets indicate options. Figure 1 - Definition of typical modules according to T.2.2 and 3.10.2 (other combinations are possible)
T.2.2.1 Load cell Force transducer which, after taking into account the effects of the acceleration of gravity and air buoyancy at the location of its use, measures mass by converting the measured quantity (mass) into another measured quantity (output). NOTE Load cells equipped with electronics including amplifier, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and data processing device (optionally) are called digital load cells (see Figure 1). SIST EN 45501:2015



- 11 - EN 45501:2015
T.2.2.2 Indicator Electronic device of an instrument that may perform the analog-to-digital conversion of the output signal of the load cell, and which further processes the data, and displays the weighing result in units of mass. T.2.2.3 Analog data processing device Electronic device of an instrument that performs the analog-to-digital conversion of the output signal of the load cell, further processes the data, and supplies the weighing result in a digital format via a digital interface without displaying it. It may optionally have one or more keys (or mouse, touch-screen, etc.) to operate the instrument. T.2.2.4 Digital data processing device Electronic device of an instrument that further processes the data, and supplies the weighing result in a digital format via a digital interface without displaying it. It may optionally have one or more keys (or mouse, touch-screen, etc.) to operate the instrument. T.2.2.5 Terminal Digital device that has one or more keys (or mouse, touch-screen, etc.) to operate the instrument, and a display to provide the weighing results transmitted via the digital interface of a weighing module or an analog data processing device. T.2.2.6 Digital display A digital display can be realized as a primary display or as a secondary display: a) Primary display: Either incorporated in the indicator housing or in the terminal housing or realized as a display in a separate housing (i.e. terminal without keys), e.g. for use in combination with a weighing module; b) Secondary display: Additional peripheral device (optional) which repeats the weighing result and any other prima
...