SIST EN 13016-1:2018
(Main)Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Part 1: Determination of air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)
Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Part 1: Determination of air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the total pressure, exerted in vacuo, by volatile, low viscosity petroleum products, components, and feedstocks containing air, including oxygenated fuels up to 3,7%mass of oxygen and automotive ethanol (E85) fuel. A dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) can be calculated from the air containing vapour pressure (ASVP) measurement.
The conditions used in the test described in this standard are a vapour-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, a sample size of 700 ml to 800 ml, and a test temperature of 37,8 °C.
This method described is suitable for testing air-saturated samples that exert an air saturated vapour pressure of between 9,0 kPa and 150,0 kPa at 37,8 °C.
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Dampfdruck - Teil 1: Bestimmung des luftgesättigten Dampfdruckes (LGDD) und des berechneten Trockendampfdruckes (BTDD)
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des luftgesättigten Dampfdruckes (en: air saturated vapour pressure, ASVP) (absoluter Dampfdruck) fest, der im Vakuum von flüchtigen, niedrigviskosen Mineralölerzeugnissen, Komponenten, Ethanol-Blends bis zu 85 % (V/V) und Einsatz-produkten, die Luft enthalten, ausgeübt wird. Der dem trockenen Dampfdruck entsprechende Druck (en: dry vapour pressure equivalent, DVPE) kann anhand des Messwertes für den luftgesättigten Dampfdruck berechnet werden.
Die in der in dieser Norm beschriebenen Prüfung verwendeten Bedingungen sind ein Dampf Flüssigkeits-verhältnis von 4 : 1 und eine Prüftemperatur von 37,8 °C.
Das Prüfgerät wird während der Prüfung nicht mit Wasser benetzt, das beschriebene Verfahren ist daher für Proben sowohl mit als auch ohne sauerstoffhaltige Komponenten geeignet; in der Probe gelöstes Wasser wird nicht berücksichtigt.
Dieses beschriebene Verfahren ist für die Prüfung luftgesättigter Proben mit einem DVPE zwischen 15,5 kPa und 106,0 kPa geeignet; Dampfdrücke außerhalb dieses Bereiches können gemessen werden, die Präzision wurde jedoch nicht ermittelt.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar auf Kraftstoffe, die sauerstoffhaltige Komponenten bis hin zu den in der maßgebenden Richtlinie des Rates 85/536/EWG [10] angegebenen Grenzen enthalten, sowie für Ethanol-Kraftstoff-Gemische mit einem Ethanolanteil von bis zu 85 % (V/V).
ANMERKUNG Für die Zwecke dieser Europäischen Norm werden die Bezeichnungen "% (m/m)" und " (V/V)" zur Angabe des Massenanteils bzw. des Volumenanteils verwendet.
WARNUNG - Die Anwendung dieser Norm kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Diese Norm beansprucht nicht, alle damit verbundenen Sicherheits¬probleme zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieser Norm, vor ihrer Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz des Personals zu ergreifen, und dafür Sorge zu tragen, dass behördliche und gesetzliche Maßnahmen eingehalten werden.
Produits pétroliers liquides - Pression de vapeur - Partie 1 : Détermination de la pression de vapeur saturée en air (PVSA) et de la pression de vapeur séche calculée (PVSC)
Tekoči naftni proizvodi - Parni tlak - 1. del: Določevanje z zrakom nasičenega parnega tlaka (ASVP) in enakovrednega parnega tlaka suhega zraka (DVPE)
Ta evropski standard določa metodo za določevanje skupnega tlaka, ki ga v vakuumu proizvedejo hlapni nizkoviskozni naftni proizvodi, komponente in vhodne surovine, ki vsebujejo zrak, vključno z oksigeniranimi gorivi z največ 3,7-odstotnim deležem kisika in etanolom (E85) za motorna goriva. Enakovredni parni tlak suhega zraka (DVPE) je mogoče izračunati z meritvijo z zrakom nasičenega parnega tlaka (ASVP). Pogoji, uporabljeni v preskusu, ki je opisan v tem standardu, so: razmerje pare in tekočine 4:1, vzorec v velikosti od 700 ml do 800 ml in preskusna temperatura 37,8 °C.
Opisana metoda je ustrezna za preskušanje z zrakom nasičenih vzorcev, ki proizvedejo z zrakom nasičeni parni tlak med 9 kPa in 150 kPa pri 37,8 °C.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.'93(Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Dampfdruck - Teil 1: Bestimmung des luftgesättigten Dampfdruckes (LGDD) und des berechneten Trockendampfdruckes (BTDD)Produits pétroliers liquides - Pression de vapeur - Partie 1 : Détermination de la pression de vapeur saturée en air (PVSA) et de la pression de vapeur séche calculée (PVSC)Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Part 1: Determination of air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)75.160.20Liquid fuels17.100Merjenje sile, teže in tlakaMeasurement of force, weight and pressureICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13016-1:2018SIST EN 13016-1:2018en,fr,de01-junij-2018SIST EN 13016-1:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13016-1:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13016-1
April
t r s z ICS
y wä s x rä t r Supersedes EN
s u r s xæ sã t r r yEnglish Version
Liquid petroleum products æ Vapour pressure æ Part
sã Produits pétroliers liquides æ Pression de vapeur æ Partie
s ã Détermination de la pression de vapeur
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse æ Dampfdruck æ Teil
sã und des berechneten dem trockenen Dampfdruck This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t y November
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
9
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s u r s xæ sã t r s z ESIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Principle . 6 5 Reagents and materials . 6 6 Apparatus . 6 7 Sampling . 7 8 Sample preparation . 8 9 Preparation of apparatus . 8 10 Calibration of apparatus . 9 10.1 Pressure transducer. 9 10.2 Temperature measuring device. 9 11 Verification of apparatus . 10 11.1 Reference fluid check . 10 11.2 Quality control checks . 10 12 Procedure. 10 13 Calculation . 11 14 Expression of results . 11 15 Precision . 12 15.1 General . 12 15.2 Repeatability, r . 12 15.3 Reproducibility, R . 12 16 Test report . 12 Annex A (informative)
Precision for elevated temperature and smaller sample containers . 13 Annex B (normative)
Accepted reference values . 14 Bibliography . 16
SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 13016-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13016-1:2007. This new edition has been updated by enlarging the scope to include ethanol blends of up to 85 % (V/V). The range for the instrument verification fluids has been widened and new typical/consensus values added in an annex. The precision statements have been updated following a global evaluation in 2016. EN 13016 consists of the following parts, under the general title Liquid petroleum products — Vapour pressure: — Part 1: Determination of air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE); — Part 2: Determination of absolute pressure (AVP) between 40 C and 100 C; — Part 3: Determination of vapour pressure and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) (Triple Expansion Method). This part is based on and developed in parallel with IP 394 [9] and ASTM D5191 [5]. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 4 Introduction Vapour pressure is used as a classification criterion for the safe handling and carriage of petroleum products, feedstocks and components; it has a relationship to the potential for hydrocarbon emissions, under uncontrolled conditions, and thus is the subject of environmental scrutiny. Vapour pressure limitations are often imposed to prevent pump cavitation during transfer operations. Vapour pressure is one measure of the volatility characteristics of fuels used in many differing types of engines with large variations in operating temperatures. Fuels having a high vapour pressure may vaporize too readily in the fuel handling systems, resulting in decreased flow to the engine and possible stoppage by vapour lock. Conversely, fuels of low vapour pressure may not vaporize readily enough, resulting in difficult starting, slow warm-up and poor acceleration. SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) (total vapour pressure), exerted in vacuo, by volatile, low viscosity petroleum products, components, ethanol blends up to 85 % (V/V), and feedstocks containing air. A dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) can be calculated from the air containing vapour pressure (ASVP) measurement. The conditions used in the test described in this standard are a vapour-to-liquid ratio of 4:1 and a test temperature of 37,8 °C. The equipment is not wetted with water during the test, and the method described is therefore suitable for testing samples with or without oxygenates; no account is taken of dissolved water in the sample. This method described is suitable for testing air saturated samples with a DVPE between 15,5 kPa and 106,0 kPa; vapour pressures outside this range can be measured but the precision has not been determined. This document is applicable to fuels containing oxygenated compounds up to the limits stated in the relevant Council Directive 85/536/EEC [10], and for ethanol-fuel blends up to 85 % (V/V) ethanol. NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)”and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass and volume fractions respectively. WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this standard to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air saturated vapour pressure ASVP observed pressure exerted in vacuo consisting of the partial pressure of petroleum products, components and feedstocks, in the absence on non-dissolved water, and the partial pressure of dissolved air 3.2 dry vapour pressure equivalent DVPE vapour pressure equivalent value calculated by a statistical correlation formula to a dry Reid vapour pressure as measured by ASTM D4953 [4] SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 6 4 Principle A cooled air saturated sample of known volume is injected into a thermostatically controlled evacuated chamber, or into a chamber that is evacuated by means of a moveable piston after sample introduction, the internal volume of which is five times that of the total test portion introduced into the chamber. After injection into the chamber, the sample is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium at the test temperature 37,8 °C. The resulting total pressure in the chamber is equivalent to the vapour pressure of the sample and the partial pressure of the dissolved air and is measured using a pressure sensor and indicator. The measured total vapour pressure can be converted to a dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) by use of a correlation formula. 5 Reagents and materials Use chemicals of 99 % (m/m) minimum purity for samples for verification of apparatus. 5.1 Pentane. 5.2 2,2 Dimethylbutane. 5.3 2,3 Dimethylbutane. 5.4 Cyclopentane. 5.5 Toluene. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Instrument: 6.1.1 The instrument shall conform to the general requirements given in 6.1.2 to 6.1.6 and be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's manual. NOTE Full details of suitable instruments are not given because of differences in the way that the basic principles are applied by individual manufacturers. 6.1.2 The system shall be configured to enable the test chamber to be evacuated and isolated, the sample to be drained, and the system flushed and purged as necessary. 6.1.3 The test chamber shall be vacuum-tight, with a provision for introducing the sample, and shall be capable of containing between 5 ml and 50 ml of liquid and vapour with an accuracy of 1 %. 6.1.3.1 The accuracy of the 4:1 vapour to liquid ratio used in this test method shall be within 3,95:1 and 4,05:1. 6.1.3.2 The test chamber shall be capable of controlling the temperature of the sample to achieve the specified test temperature to within ± 0,1 °C. 6.1.3.3 Temperature measuring device, a sensor with a resolution of 0,1 °C and an accuracy of 0,1 °C, with calibration/verification traceable to national measurement standards. NOTE The test chambers used in the instruments that generated the precision statements were constructed from either aluminium or stainless steel. SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 7 6.1.3.4 Test chambers with capacities less than 5 ml or greater than 50 ml may be used but the precision of the method can be affected. 6.1.4 The apparatus shall be capable of measuring the vapour pressure of small samples of petroleum products, components and feedstocks up to, at least, 130,0 kPa, by means of a pressure transducer. 6.1.4.1 Pressure transducer having a minimum measuring range from 0 kPa to 130 kPa, with an accuracy of
0,8 kPa and a resolution of
0,1 kPa with calibration/verification traceable to national measurement standards. 6.1.5 If a vacuum pump is required for use with the instrument, it shall be capable of reducing the pressure in the test chamber to less than 0,01 kPa absolute. 6.1.6 If a vacuum-tight syringe or similar equipment is required for measuring or injecting the required volume of sample into the test chamber, it shall be sized appropriately to the required sample size with an accuracy of at least 1 %. 6.2 Cooling equipment, iced-water bath or refrigerator, capable of cooling the samples and any syringes (6.1.6) used, to a temperature of between 0 °C and 1 °C, where a suitably safe refrigerator should be used with highly volatile petroleum products. 6.3 Barometer, capable of measuring atmospheric pressure within an accuracy of 0,1 kPa or better and with calibration/verification traceable to national measurement standards. 6.4 Vacuum gauge, covering at least the range 0,01 kPa to 0,67 kPa, with an accuracy and resolution of ± 0,1 kPa with calibration/verification traceable to national measurement standards. 7 Sampling 7.1 Due to the extreme sensitivity of vapour pressure measurements to losses through evaporation and the resulting changes in composition, the utmost precaution and the most meticulous care shall be taken in the drawing and handling of samples. 7.2 Samples shall be drawn in accordance with EN ISO 3170 and/or in accordance with the requirements of National Standards for the sampling of the product under test. However, the water displacement technique shall not be used. The drawing of samples using automatic techniques, such as those described in EN ISO 3171 [2], is not recommended unless the technique has been proven not to lose light ends from the product or component being sampled. Loss of light ends can affect the vapour pressure measurement. 7.3 For routine testing, the sample shall be supplied in a sealed container, constructed of suitable material, of at least 250 ml capacity. The container shall be a minimum of 70 % (V/V) full of sample at the time of receipt. See also 15.1. 7.4 Protect samples from excessive temperatures, as soon as possible, prior to testing. This can be accomplished by storage in the cooling equipment (6.2). 7.5 Samples in leaking containers shall not be considered for testing, but shall be discarded and new samples obtained. SIST EN 13016-1:2018
EN 13016-1:2018 (E) 8 8 Sample preparation 8.1 The vapour pressure determination shall be the first test on a sample. For referee testing, only one test portion shall be taken fro
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
01-november-2016
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Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Part 1: Determination of air saturated
vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Dampfdruck - Teil 1: Bestimmung des luftgesättigten
Dampfdruckes (LGDD) und des berechneten Trockendampfdruckes (BTDD)
Produits pétroliers liquides - Pression de vapeur - Partie 1 : Détermination de la pression
de vapeur saturée en air (PVSA) et de la pression de vapeur séche calculée (PVSC)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13016-1
ICS:
17.100 Merjenje sile, teže in tlaka Measurement of force,
weight and pressure
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13016-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2016
ICS 75.160.20 Will supersede EN 13016-1:2007
English Version
Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Part 1:
Determination of air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP)
and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)
Produits pétroliers liquides - Pression de vapeur - Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Dampfdruck - Teil 1:
Partie 1 : Détermination de la pression de vapeur Bestimmung des luftgesättigten Dampfdruckes (LGDD)
saturée en air (PVSA) et de la pression de vapeur séche und des berechneten Trockendampfdruckes (BTDD)
calculée (PVSC)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 19.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13016-1:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
prEN 13016-1:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 6
5 Reagents and materials . 6
6 Apparatus . 6
7 Sampling . 7
8 Sample preparation . 8
9 Preparation of apparatus . 8
10 Calibration of apparatus . 9
10.1 Pressure transducer. 9
10.2 Temperature measuring device. 9
11 Verification of apparatus . 9
11.1 Quality control check . 9
11.2 Reference check . 9
11.3 Reference fluids . 10
12 Procedure. 10
13 Calculation . 10
14 Expression of results . 11
15 Precision . 11
15.1 General . 11
15.2 Repeatability, r . 11
15.3 Reproducibility, R . 11
16 Test report . 12
Annex A (informative) Precision data at elevated temperature or smaller sample container . 13
Annex B (informative) Accepted reference values . 14
Bibliography . 16
2
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
prEN 13016-1:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 13016-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13016-1:2007.
EN 13016-1:2007 has been updated by enlarging the scope to include ethanol blends of up to 85 %. The
range for the instrument verification fluids has been widened and new typical/consensus values added
in an informative annex. Next, the precision statements have been updated following a global evaluation
in 2016.
EN 13016 consists of the following parts, under the general title Liquid petroleum products - Vapour
pressure:
Part 1: Determination of air-saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure
equivalent (DVPE).
Part 2: Determination of absolute vapour pressure (AVP) between 40 °C and 100 °C.
Part 3: Determination of vapour pressure and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) (Triple
Expansion Method) (under development).
This part is based on and developed in parallel with IP 394 [2] and ASTM D 5191 [3]. It describes a
general determination method, whereas part 2 describes a determination method at elevated
temperatures.
3
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
prEN 13016-1:2016 (E)
Introduction
Vapour pressure is used as a classification criterion for the safe handling and carriage of petroleum
products, feedstocks and components; it has a relationship to the potential for hydrocarbon emissions,
under uncontrolled conditions, and thus is the subject of environmental scrutiny.
Vapour pressure limitations are often imposed to prevent pump cavitation during transfer operations.
Vapour pressure is one measure of the volatility characteristics of fuels used in many differing types of
engines with large variations in operating temperatures. Fuels having a high vapour pressure may
vaporize too readily in the fuel handling systems, resulting in decreased flow to the engine and possible
stoppage by vapour lock. Conversely, fuels of low vapour pressure may not vaporize readily enough,
resulting in difficult starting, slow warm-up and poor acceleration.
4
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
prEN 13016-1:2016 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the total pressure, exerted in
vacuo, by volatile, low viscosity petroleum products, components, ethanol blends up to 85 %, and
feedstocks containing air. A dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) can be calculated from the air
containing vapour pressure (ASVP) measurement.
The conditions used in the test described in this standard are a vapour-to-liquid ratio of 4:1 and a test
temperature of 37,8 °C.
The equipment is not wetted with water during the test, and the method described is therefore suitable
for testing samples with or without oxygenates; no account is taken of dissolved water in the sample.
This method described is suitable for testing air-saturated samples that exert an air-saturated vapour
pressure of between 7,0 kPa and 130,0 kPa at 37,8 °C.
This document is applicable to fuels containing oxygenated compounds up to the limits stated in the
relevant EC Directive 85/536/EEC [4], and for ethanol-fuel blends up to 85 % ethanol
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)”and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
the mass and volume fractions respectively.
WARNING —The use of this Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This
Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of users of this standard to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of
personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this
purpose.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
ISO 3007, Petroleum products and crude petroleum — Determination of vapour pressure — Reid method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air-saturated vapour pressure
total pressure
ASVP
observed pressure exerted in vacuo consisting of the partial pressure of petroleum products,
components and feedstocks, in the absence on non-dissolved water, and the partial pressure of
dissolved air
3.2
Reid vapour pressure
RVP
vapour pressure as determined by ISO 3007
5
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
prEN 13016-1:2016 (E)
3.3
dry vapour pressure equivalent
DVPE
vapour pressure equivalent value calculated by a statistical correlation formula to a dry Reid vapour
pressure
4 Principle
A cooled air-saturated sample of known volume is injected into a thermostatically controlled evacuated
chamber, or into a chamber that is evacuated by means of a moveable piston after sample introduction,
the internal volume of which is five times that of the total test portion introduced into the chamber.
After injection into the chamber, the sample is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium at the test
temperature 37,8 °C. The resulting total pressure in the chamber is equivalent to the vapour pressure of
the sample and the partial pressure of the dissolved air and is measured using a pressure sensor and
indicator. The measured total vapour pressure can be converted to a dry vapour pressure equivalent
(DVPE) by use of a correlation formula.
5 Reagents and materials
Use chemicals of 99 % (m/m) minimum purity for quality control check samples for verification of
apparatus.
5.1 Pentane
5.2 2,2 Dimethylbutane
5.3 2,3 Dimethylbutane
5.4 Cyclopentane
5.5 Toluene
6 Apparatus
6.1 Instrument
6.1.1 The instrument shall conform to the general requirements given in 6.1.2 to 6.1.6 and be
installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's manual.
NOTE Full details of suitable instruments are not given because of differences in the way that the basic
principles are applied by individual manufacturers.
6.1.2 The system shall be configured to enable the test chamber to be evacuated and isolated, the
sample to be drained, and the system flushed and purged as necessary.
6.1.3 The test chamber shall be vacuum-tight, with a provision for introducing the sample, and shall
be capable of containing between 5 ml and 50 ml of liquid and vapour with an accuracy of 1 %. The test
chamber shall be capable of controlling the temperature of the sample to achieve the specified test
temperature to within ± 0,1 °C and shall be capable of indicating the temperature to a resolution of at
least 0,1 °C.
NOTE 1 The test chambers used in the instruments that generated the precision statements were constructed
from either aluminium or stainless steel.
6
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oSIST prEN 13016-1:2016
prEN 13016-1:2016 (E)
NOTE 2 Test chambers with capacities less than 5 ml or greater than 50 ml may be used but the precision of the
method can be affected.
6.1.4 The apparatus shall be capable of measuring the vapour pressure of small samples of petroleum
products, components and feedstocks over the range 0,0 kPa to 177,0 kPa, by means of a pressure
transducer.
6.1.5 If a vacuum pump is required for use with the instrument, it shall be capable of reducing the
pressure in the test chamber to less than 0,01 kPa absolute.
6.1.6 If a vacuum-tight syringe or similar equipment is required for measuring or injecting the
required volume of sample into the test chamber, it shall be sized appropriately to the required sample
size with an accuracy of at least 1 %.
6.2 Cooling equipment, air or iced-water bath or refrigerator, capable of cooling the samples to a
temperature of between 0 °C and 1 °C, where a suitably safe refrigerator should be used with highly
volatile petroleum products.
6.3 Barometer, pressure measuring device, capable of measuring atmospheric pressure within an
accuracy of 0,2 kPa or better and calibrated and/or verified against an instrument certified by an
authorized certification body.
6.4 Vacuum gauge for calibration, covering at least the range 0,01 kPa to 0,67 kPa, calibrated
and/or verified against an instrument certified by an authorized certification body.
6.5 Pressure measuring device, transducer having a minimum measuring range from 0 kPa to
177 kPa, calibrated and/or verified against an instrument certified by an authorized certification body,
with an accuracy of 0,8 kPa and a resolution of ≤ 0,1 kPa.
6.6 Temperature measuring device, in the required temperature ranges, with a resolution of 0,1 °C
and scale error of less than 0,1 °C, calibrated and/or verified against an instrument certified by an
authorized certification body.
7 Sampling
7.1 Due to the extreme sensitivity of vapour pressure measurements to losses through evaporation
and the resulting changes in composition, the utmost precaution and the most meticulous care shall be
taken in the drawing and handling of samples.
7.2 Samples shall be drawn in accordance with EN ISO 3170. However, the water displacement
technique shall not be used.
NOTE The drawing of samples using automatic techniques, such as those described in EN ISO 3171 [5], is not
recommended unless the technique has been proven not to lose light ends from the product or component being
sampled. Loss of light ends can affect the vapour pressure measurement.
7.3 Fo
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