SIST EN 50328:2004

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 50328:2004

STANDARD
september 2004
Železniške naprave – Stabilne naprave električne vleke – Elektronski
močnostni pretvorniki za napajalne postaje
Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electronic power converters for
substations
ICS 29.200; 29.280 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 50328:2004(en)
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50328
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2003

ICS 29.200; 29.280 Partly supersedes EN 60146-1-1:1993


English version


Railway applications -
Fixed installations -
Electronic power converters for substations


Applications ferroviaires -  Bahnanwendungen -
Installations fixes - Ortsfeste Anlagen -
Convertisseurs électroniques Leistungselektronische Stromrichter
de puissance pour sous-stations für Unterwerke






This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2002-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2003 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 50328:2003 E

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EN 50328:2003 - 2 -
Foreword
This European Standard was prepared by SC 9XC, Electric supply and earthing systems for
public transport equipment and ancillary apparatus (fixed installations) of Technical Committee
CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical and electronic applications for railways.
The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 50328 on 2002-09-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60146-1-1:1993 for the specific products concerning
railway applications as mentioned in the scope of this standard.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-09-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-09-01

Annexes designated "informative" are given for information only.
In this standard, Annexes A, B and C are informative.
__________

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Contents
Introduction .5
1 General.6
1.1 Scope.6
1.2 Normative references.6
1.3 Classification of traction supply power converters and valve.7
1.4 List of principal letter symbols .8
1.5 Definitions .9
2 Service conditions.20
2.1 Code of identification of cooling method.20
2.2 Environmental conditions .21
2.3 Electrical service conditions .23
3 Converter equipment and assemblies .25
3.1 Electrical connections.25
3.2 Calculation factors.26
3.3 Losses and efficiency.27
3.4 Power factor.27
3.5 Direct voltage harmonic content.28
3.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).28
3.7 Rated values for converters .28
3.8 Mechanical characteristics .31
3.9 Marking .32
4 Tests.33
4.1 General .33
4.2 Test specifications.34
Annex A (informative) Information required .40
A.1 General .40
A.2 Diode rectifiers .40
A.3 Controlled converters and inverters.41
A.4 Frequency converters (direct and d.c. link converters) .43
Annex B (informative) Determination of the current capability through calculation
               of the virtual junction temperature.45
B.1 General .45
B.2 Approximation of the shape of power pulses applied to the semiconductor device .45
B.3 The superposition method for calculation of temperature.46
B.4 Calculation of virtual junction temperature for continuous load.46
Annex C (informative) Index of definitions .50
Bibliography .53

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EN 50328:2003 - 4 -
Figure 1 - Illustration of angles .13
Figure 2 - Voltage drop.17
Figure 3 - A.C. voltage waveform .24
Figure B.1 - Approximation of the shape of power pulses .46
Figure B.2 - Calculation of the virtual junction temperature for continuous load .47
Figure B.3 - Calculation of the virtual junction temperature for cyclic load.48

Table 1 - Immunity levels .19
Table 2 - Letter symbols for cooling mediums and heat transfer agents.20
Table 3 - Letter symbols for methods of circulation .20
Table 4 - Connections and calculation factors for line commutated converters .26
Table 5 - Standardized duty classes.30
Table 6 - Semiconductor device failure conditions.31
Table 7 - Summary of tests .34
Table 8 - Insulation levels for a.c./d.c. converters.36
Table B.1 - Examples for typical applications .49

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- 5 - EN 50328:2003
Introduction
Semiconductor converters for traction power supply differ from other converters for industrial
use due to special electrical service conditions and due to the large range of load variation and
the peculiar characteristics of the load.
For these reasons EN 60146-1-1 does not fully cover the requirements of railway applications
and the decision was taken to have a specific European standard for this use.
Converter transformers for fixed installations of railway applications are covered by EN 50329.
Harmonization of the rated values and tests of the whole converter group are covered by
EN 50327.

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EN 50328:2003 - 6 -
1 General
1.1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the performance of all fixed installations
electronic power converters, using controllable and/or non-controllable electronic valves,
intended for traction power supply.
The devices can be controlled by means of current, voltage or light. Non-bistable devices are
assumed to be operated in the switched mode.
This European Standard applies to fixed installations of following electric traction systems:
− railways,
− guided mass transport systems such as: tramways, light rail systems, elevated and
underground railways, mountain railways, trolleybusses.
This European Standard does not apply to
− cranes, transportable platforms and similar transportation equipment on rails,
− suspended cable cars,
− funicular railways.
This European Standard applies to diode rectifiers, controlled rectifiers, inverters and frequency
converters.
The equipment covered in this European Standard is the converter itself.
1.2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated into it by
amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
EN 50121 Series 2000 Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility
EN 50123-7-1 2003 Railway applications - Fixed installations - D.C. switchgear
Part 7-1: Measurement, control and protection devices for specific
use in d.c. traction systems - Application guide
EN 50124-1 2001 Railway applications - Insulation coordination
Part 1: Basic requirements - Clearances and creepage distances
for all electrical and electronic equipment
EN 50163 1995 Railway applications - Supply voltages of traction systems

EN 50327 2003 Railway applications - Fixed installations - Harmonisation of the
rated values for converter groups and tests on converter groups
EN 50329 2003 Railway applications - Fixed installations - Traction transformers
EN 60529 1991 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
 (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 60721 Series Classification of environmental conditions (IEC 60721 series)

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- 7 - EN 50328:2003
EN 61000-2-4 1994 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-4: Environment -
Compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency
conducted disturbances
 (IEC 61000-2-4:1994 + corr. August 1994)
IEC 60050-551 1998 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
Chapter 551: Power Electronics
IEC 60050-811 1991 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
Chapter 811: Electric traction
IEC 60146-1-2 1991 Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line
commutated converters - Part 1-2: Application guide

1)
IEC 61000-2-12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-12: Environment -
Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and
signalling in public medium voltage power supply systems
1.3 Classification of traction supply power converters and valve
1.3.1 Types of traction supply power converters

A) a.c. to d.c. conversion:
1) diode rectifier;
2) controlled rectifier.
B) d.c. to a.c. conversion:
1) inverter.
C) a.c. to a.c. conversion:
1) direct frequency converter;
2) d.c. link frequency converter:
i) supply side;
ii) traction side.
1.3.2 Purpose of conversion
A converter changes or controls one or more characteristics such as
1) frequency (including zero frequency),
2) voltage,
3) number of phases,
4) flow of reactive power,
5) quality of load power.

1)
To be published.

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EN 50328:2003 - 8 -
1.3.3 Classification of semiconductor valves
Semiconductor valves can be turned off either by commutation implying that the current of the
valve is transferred to another valve or by quenching if the current of the valve falls to zero.
Valves used in traction supply power converters can be divided into the following categories:
1) non controllable valve with a conductive forward and a blocking reverse characteristic
(diode);
2) valve with a controllable forward and a blocking reverse characteristic (e.g. reverse
blocking thyristor);
3) valve with a controllable forward and a conductive reverse characteristic (e.g. reverse
conducting thyristor);
4) valve with a controllable forward and / or reverse characteristic which can be turned on
and/or off via a signal applied to the gate (e.g. gate turn-off thyristor, insulated gate bipolar
transistor);
5) valve with controllable forward and reverse characteristic (e.g. bi-directional thyristors).
1.4 List of principal letter symbols
d inductive direct voltage drop due to converter transformer referred to U
xtB di
e inductive component of the relative short-circuit voltage of the converter transformer
xB
corresponding to the basic current on the supply side of the transformer
f rated frequency
N
g number of sets of commutating groups between which I is divided
Bd
h order of harmonic
I basic direct current
Bd
I basic service current on the supply side of a converter
BV
I direct current (any defined value)
d
I rated current on the traction side of a frequency converter
Nt
K coupling factor
p pulse number
P active power
q commutation number
s number of series connected commutating groups
u angle of overlap (commutation angle)
U power frequency withstand voltage
a
U total inductive direct voltage drop at basic direct current
Bdx
U direct voltage (any defined value)
d
U conventional no load direct voltage
d0
U value of U with trigger delay angle α
d0α d0
U real no-load direct voltage
d00
U ideal no-load direct voltage
di
U controlled ideal no-load direct voltage
diα
U nominal voltage
n
U rated direct voltage
Nd
U Impulse voltage
Ni
U rated insulation voltage
Nm
U rated a.c.voltage on the traction side of a frequency converter
Nt

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- 9 - EN 50328:2003
U rated a.c. voltage on the supply side of a converter
NV
U no-load phase to phase voltage
V0
α trigger delay angle
α inherent delay angle
p
β trigger advance angle
γ extinction angle
δ number of commutating groups commutating simultaneously per primary
λ total power factor
ν deformation factor
ϕ1 displacement angle for the fundamental component of I
BV
1.5 Definitions
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following definitions apply. In this standard, IEV
definitions are used wherever possible, particularly those in IEC 60050-551.
The policy adopted is as follows:
1) when a suitable IEV definition exists, the title and reference are given without repeating the
text;
2) when an existing IEV definition needs amplification or additional information, the title, the
reference and the additional text are given;
3) when no IEV definition exists, the title and the text are given;
4) the definitions appear under
A) for general terms (1.5.1 to 1.5.28),
B) for service conditions (1.5.29 to 1.5.30),
C) for definitions concerning compatibility (1.5.31 to 1.5.33).
An alphabetical index is given in Annex C.
A) General terms

1.5.1
semiconductor device
device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a
semiconductor

1.5.2
Combination of semiconductor devices

1.5.2.1
(valve device) stack (IEV 551-14-12)

1.5.2.2
(valve device) assembly (IEV 551-14-13)

1.5.2.3
electronic power converter
an operative unit for power conversion comprising one or more assemblies of semiconductor
devices (IEV 551-12-01, modified)

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EN 50328:2003 - 10 -
1.5.2.4
trigger equipment (gating equipment)
equipment which provides suitable trigger pulses from a control signal for controllable valve
devices in a converter or power switch including timing or phase shifting circuits, pulse
generating circuits and usually power supply circuits

1.5.2.5
system control equipment
equipment associated with a converter equipment or system which performs automatic
adjustment of the output characteristics as a function of a controlled quantity

1.5.3
Converter circuit elements

1.5.3.1
(valve) arm (IEV 551-15-01)

1.5.3.2
principal arm IEV 551-15-02)

1.5.4
converter connection (IEV 551-15-10)

1.5.4.1
basic converter connection (IEV 551-15-11)

1.5.4.2
single-way connection (of a converter) (IEV 551-15-12)

1.5.4.3
double-way connection (of a converter) (IEV 551-15-13)

1.5.4.4
uniform connection (IEV 551-15-15)

1.5.4.5
non-uniform connection (IEV 551-15-18)

1.5.4.6
series connection
a connection in which two or more converters are connected in such a way that their voltages
add

1.5.4.7
boost and buck connection
a series connection in which the converters are controlled independently (IEV 551-15-21,
modified)

1.5.4.8
parallel connection
a connection in which two or more converters are connected in such a way that their currents
add

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- 11 - EN 50328:2003
1.5.5
Controllability of converter arms

1.5.5.1
controllable arm
converter arm including controllable semiconductor element(s) as valve device(s)

1.5.5.2
non-controllable arm
converter arm including no controllable semiconductor element(s) as valve device(s)

1.5.6
quadrants of operation (on d.c. side)
each quadrant of the voltage current plane is defined by the d.c. voltage polarity and the current
direction

1.5.6.1
one quadrant converter (IEV 551-12-34)

1.5.6.2
two quadrant (single) converter (IEV 551-12-35)

1.5.6.3
four quadrant (double) converter (IEV 551-12-36)

1.5.6.4
reversible converter (IEV 551-12-37)

1.5.6.4.1
single converter (IEV 551-12-38)

1.5.6.4.2
double converter (IEV 551-12-39)

1.5.6.4.3
converter section of a double converter (IEV 551-12-40)

1.5.7
Commutation and quenching

1.5.7.1
commutation
transfer of current from one conducting arm to the next to conduct in sequence, without
interruption of the d.c. current. During a finite interval of time both arms are conducting
simultaneously (IEV 551-16-01, modified)

1.5.7.2
quenching (IEV 551-16-19)

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EN 50328:2003 - 12 -
1.5.8
Type of commutation

1.5.8.1
direct commutation (IEV 551-16-09)

1.5.8.2
indirect commutation (IEV 551-16-10)

1.5.8 3
external commutation (IEV 551-16-11)

1.5.8.3.1
line commutation (IEV 551-16-12)

1.5.8.3.2
load commutation (IEV 551-16-13)

1.5.8.4
self commutation (IEV 551-16-15)

1.5.9
commutation circuit (IEV 551-16-03)

1.5.9.1
commutating voltage (IEV 551-16-02)

1.5.9.2
commutation inductance
total inductance included in the commutation circuit, in series with the commutating voltage
(IEV 551-16-07, modified)

NOTE For line or machine commutated converters the commutation reactance is the impedance of the
commutation inductance at the fundamental frequency.

1.5.9.3
angle of overlap u
the duration of the commutation interval between a pair of principal arms, expressed in angular
measure, where the two arms carry current (IEV 551-16-05, modified)

1.5.9.4
commutation notch
a periodic voltage transient that can appear in the a.c. voltage of a line or machine-commutated
converter due to commutation (IEV 551-16-06, modified)

1.5.9.5
commutation repetetive transient
voltage oscillation associated with the commutation notch

1.5.9.6
commutating group (IEV 551-16-08)

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- 13 - EN 50328:2003
1.5.9.7
commutation number q
the number of commutations from one principal arm to another, occurring during one period of
the alternating voltage in each commutating group (IEV 551-17-03, modified)

1.5.9.8
pulse number p
the number of non-simultaneous symmetrical direct or indirect commutations from one principal
arm to another, during one period of the alternating voltage (IEV 551-17-01, modified)

1.5.10
trigger delay angle α
the time expressed in angular measure by which the trigger pulse is delayed with respect to the
reference instant (see Figure 1).

For line, machine or load commutated converters the reference instant is the zero crossing
instant of the commutating voltage.

For a.c. controllers it is the zero crossing instant of the supply voltage.
For a.c. controllers with inductive load, the trigger delay angle is the sum of the phase shift and
the current delay angle
(IEV 551-16-33, modified)


Figure 1 - Illustration of angles

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EN 50328:2003 - 14 -
1.5.11
trigger advance angle ß (IEV 551-16-34)
(see Figure 1)

1.5.12
inherent delay angle α
p
the delay angle which occurs in some converter connections under certain operating conditions
even if no phase control is applied (IEV 551-16-35, modified)

1.5.13
extinction angle γ
the time, expressed in angular measure, between the moment when the current of the arm falls
to zero and the moment when the arm is required to withstand steeply rising off-state voltage

1.5.14
rated value
numerical value for the electrical, thermal, mechanical and environmental rating assigned to the
quantities which define the operation of a converter group in the conditions specified in
accordance with this European Standard and on which the supplier’s guarantees and tests are
based

1.5.15
rated frequency f
N
the frequency on either side of the converter for the conversion of which the converter group is
designed to operate

1.5.16

nominal voltage U
n
voltage by which a converter is designated

NOTE The standardized values of nominal voltages are given in EN 50163.

1.5.17
rated insulation voltage U
Nm
an r.m.s. withstand voltage value assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or a part of it,
characterizing the specified permanent withstand capability of its insulation

NOTE Standardized values of rated insulation voltages are given in EN 50124-1.

1.5.18
Rated voltage(s) on the a.c. side(s) of a converter

1.5.18.1
rated a.c. voltage on the supply side of a converter U
NV
the r.m.s. value of the no-load voltage between vectorially consecutive commutating phase
terminals of a commutating group

1.5.18.2
rated a.c. voltage on the traction side of a converter U
Nt
the r.m.s. value of the no-load voltage on the traction side of a frequency converter

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- 15 - EN 50328:2003
1.5.19
rated direct voltage U
Nd
the specified value of the direct voltage between the d.c. terminals of the converter assembly at
basic direct current. This value is the mean value of the direct voltage

NOTE 1 A converter may have more than one rated voltage or a rated direct voltage range.

NOTE 2 The rated direct voltage of a converter depends on the characteristics of the transformer and a
guaranteed value of rated direct voltage is valid only together with the transformer (see EN 50327).

1.5.20
Current(s) on the a.c. side(s) of a converter

1.5.20.1
basic service current on the supply side of a converter I
BV
the r.m.s. value of the a.c. current, containing all harmonics, on the supply side of a converter
at basic current on the d.c. side

NOTE For polyphase equipment, this value is computed from the basic direct current on the basis of rectangular
shaped currents, 120 ° conducting, of the converter elements. For single phase equipment, the basis of calculation
shall be specified.

1.5.20.2
rated current on the traction side of a frequency converter I
Nt
the r.m.s. value of the a.c. current on the traction side of a frequency converter under rated
conditions

1.5.21
basic direct current I
Bd
mean value of the direct current for specified load and service conditions

NOTE Together with a duty class I is considered as the 1,0 p.u. value, to which other values of I are compared
Bd d

1.5.22
Load capabilities

1.5.22.1
duty class
tabled representation of current capability and test values for standard design converters in
terms of current values and duration selected to represent a characteristic group of practical
applications. The current values are expressed in per unit of the basic direct current I
Bd

1.5.22.2
load cycle
representation of the conventional current demand to a special design converter showing the
repetitive variation of the load within a specified time period. The current values are expressed
in A or in per unit of I
Bd

1.5.23
d.c. power
the product of the nominal d.c. voltage U and the basic direct current I
n Bd

1.5.24
power efficiency
the ratio of the output power to the input power of the converter

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EN 50328:2003 - 16 -
1.5.25
Factors on the a.c. side

1.5.25.1
total power factor λ
active power
λ =
apparent power

1.5.25.2
power factor of the fundamental wave or displacement factor cos ϕ
1
active power of the fundamental wave
cos ϕ =
1
apparent power of the fundamental wave

1.5.25.3
deformation factor ν
λ
ν =
cos ϕ
1

1.5.26
Definitions used in connection with d.c. systems

1.5.26.1
ideal no-load direct voltage U
di
the theoretical no-load mean direct voltage of a converter, assuming no reduction by phase
control, no voltage drop in the assemblies and no voltage rise at small loads
It is obtained from the voltage between two commutating phases U , the commutation number
v0
q and the number of series-connected commutating groups s, between terminals on d.c. side,
by the formula (IEV 551-17-15, modified):
2 q × s

U = U × ×
di v0
2 π

NOTE The formula is not valid for voltage multiplying circuits.

1.5.26.2

controlled ideal no-load direct voltage U
diα
the theoretical no-load mean direct voltage of a converter, when the direct voltage is reduced
by phase control, assuming no voltage drop in the assemblies and no voltage rise at small
loads as obtained by the formulae below (IEV 551-17-16, modified)

1) Uniform connection
a) If the direct current is continuous over the entire control range:
U = U × cosα
diα di
b) If the converter load is purely resistive:
π π
for 0 ≤ α ≤ − : U = U × cosα
diα di
2 p
π π π π 1− sin(α − π / p)
for − ≤ α ≤ + : U = U ×
diα di
2 p 2 p 2 sin(π / p)
2) Non-uniform connections
U = 0,5 × U × (1+ cosα)
diα di

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- 17 - EN 50328:2003
1.5.26.3
conventional no-load direct voltage U
d0
the mean value of the direct voltage which would be obtained by extrapolating the direct
voltage/current characteristic for continuous direct current back to zero current
(IEV 551-17-17, modified)

NOTE U is equal to the sum of U and the n
...