SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
01-december-2017
Merjenje radioaktivnosti v okolju - Tla - 2. del: Navodilo za izbiro strategije
vzorčenja, vzorčenje in pripravo vzorcev (ISO 18589-2:2015)
Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil - Part 2: Guidance for the
selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples (ISO 18589-
2:2015)
Ermittlung der Radioaktivität in der Umwelt - Erdboden - Teil 2: Leitlinie für die Auswahl
der Probenahmestrategie, Probenahme und Vorbehandlung der Proben (ISO 18589-
2:2015)
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement - Sol - Partie 2: Lignes directrices
pour la sélection de la stratégie d'échantillonnage, l'échantillonnage et le prétraitement
des échantillons(ISO 18589-2:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18589-2:2017
ICS:
13.080.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo tal soil quality
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017


EN ISO 18589-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

October 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.240; 13.080.01
English Version

Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil -
Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy,
sampling and pre-treatment of samples (ISO 18589-
2:2015)
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l'environnement - Ermittlung der Radioaktivität in der Umwelt -
Sol - Partie 2: Lignes directrices pour la sélection de la Erdboden - Teil 2: Leitlinie für die Auswahl der
stratégie d'échantillonnage, l'échantillonnage et le Probenahmestrategie, Probenahme und
prétraitement des échantillons (ISO 18589-2:2015) Vorbehandlung der Proben (ISO 18589-2:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 September 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18589-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
EN ISO 18589-2:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
EN ISO 18589-2:2017 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 18589-2:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy,
nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 18589-2:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear
energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18589-2:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18589-2:2017 without any
modification.


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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18589-2
Second edition
2015-02-01
Measurement of radioactivity in the
environment — Soil —
Part 2:
Guidance for the selection of the
sampling strategy, sampling and pre-
treatment of samples
Mesurage de la radioactivité dans l’environnement — Sol —
Partie 2: Lignes directrices pour la sélection de la stratégie
d’échantillonnage, l’échantillonnage et le prétraitement des échantillons
Reference number
ISO 18589-2:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
ISO 18589-2:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
ISO 18589-2:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and symbols . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Sampling strategy . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Initial investigation . 3
5.3 Types of sampling strategies. 4
5.4 Selection of the sampling strategy . 4
6 Sampling plan . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Selection of sampling areas, units, and points . 5
6.2.1 General. 5
6.2.2 Sampling for use with a probabilistic strategy . 6
6.2.3 Sampling for use with an orientated strategy . 6
6.2.4 Selection criteria of sampling areas and sampling units . 6
6.3 Identification of sampling areas, units, and points . 7
6.4 Selection of field equipment . 7
7 Sampling process . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Collection of samples . 8
7.2.1 Selection of sampling depth versus objectives of the study . 8
7.2.2 Sampling surface soil .11
7.2.3 Sampling soil profile .11
7.3 Preparation of the sorted sample .13
7.4 Identification and packaging of samples .13
7.4.1 General.13
7.4.2 Sample identification .13
7.4.3 Sample sheet.13
7.5 Transport and storage of samples .14
8 Pre-treatment of samples.15
8.1 Principle .15
8.2 Laboratory equipment .15
8.3 Procedure .15
9 Determination of the activity deposited onto the soil .16
9.1 General .16
9.2 Determination using surface activity data .16
9.3 Determination by integration of soil profile activity data .17
10 Recorded information .17
Annex A (informative) Diagram of the selection of the sampling strategy according to the
objectives and the radiological characterization of the site and sampling areas .18
Annex B (informative) Diagram of the evolution of the sample characteristics from the
sampling site to the laboratory .19
Annex C (informative) Example of sampling plan for a site divided in three sampling areas
(A, B, C) .20
Annex D (informative) Example of a sampling record for a single/composite sample .21
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Annex E (informative) Example for a sample record for a soil profile with soil description .22
Bibliography .24
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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
ISO 18589-2:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18589-2:2007), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 18589 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the
environment — Soil:
— Part 1: General guidelines and definitions
— Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples
— Part 3: Test method for gamma-emitting radionuclides using gamma ray spectrometry
— Part 4: Measurement of plutonium isotopes (plutonium 238 and plutonium 239+240) by alpha spectrometry
— Part 5: Measurement of strontium 90
— Part 6: Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta activities
— Part 7: In situ measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides
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Introduction
This International Standard is published in several parts to be used jointly or separately according to
needs. ISO 18589-1 to ISO 18589-6 concerning the measurements of radioactivity in the soil, have been
prepared simultaneously. These parts are complementary and are addressed to those responsible for
determining the radioactivity present in soils. The first two parts are general in nature. ISO 18589-3
to ISO 18589-5 deal with radionuclide-specific measurements and ISO 18589-6 deals with non-specific
measurements of gross alpha or gross beta activities. ISO 18589-7 deals with the measurement of
gamma emitters radionuclides using in situ spectrometry.
Additional parts can be added to ISO 18589 in the future if the standardization of the measurement of
other radionuclides becomes necessary.
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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18589-2:2015(E)
Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Soil —
Part 2:
Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy,
sampling and pre-treatment of samples
1 Scope
This part of ISO 18589 specifies the general requirements, based on ISO 11074 and ISO/IEC 17025, for
all steps in the planning (desk study and area reconnaissance) of the sampling and the preparation of
samples for testing. It includes the selection of the sampling strategy, the outline of the sampling plan,
the presentation of general sampling methods and equipment, as well as the methodology of the pre-
treatment of samples adapted to the measurements of the activity of radionuclides in soil.
This part of ISO 18589 is addressed to the people responsible for determining the radioactivity present
in soil for the purpose of radiation protection. It is applicable to soil from gardens, farmland, urban, or
industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activities.
This part of ISO 18589 is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the range of
the testing performed. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this
part of ISO 18589, such as planning, sampling, or testing, the corresponding requirements do not apply.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 31-9, Quantities and units — Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics
ISO 11074, Soil quality — Vocabulary
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 18589-1, Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Soil — Part 1: General guidelines and definitions
3 Terms, definitions, and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, and symbols given in ISO 31-9, ISO 18589-1,
ISO 11074, and the following apply.
e thickness of the layer sampled
m wet mass of the sorted sample
ss
m′ wet mass of a subsample of the sorted sample
ss
m dry mass of the test sample
ts
a activity per unit of mass of the test sample
A activity per unit area
S
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SIST EN ISO 18589-2:2017
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S surface area sampled
4 Principle
The purpose of the measurement of soil radioactivity is to monitor the environmental impact of
[1] [2],[3],[4],[5]
radioactive substances and/or to assess the radiological impact on the population.
The main objectives of the measurement of radionuclides in soil (see ISO 18589-1) are the following:
— characterization of radioactivity in the environment;
— routine surveillance of the impact of radioactivity released from nuclear installations or of the
general evolution of the radioactivity in a region;
— investigations of accidents and incidents;
— planning and surveillance of remedial action;
— decommissioning of installations or the disposal of materials.
Consequently, measurements of soil radioactivity are performed in a variety of situations, but a generic
approach can be described, with the following steps as outlined in this part of ISO 18589:
a) Planning process — Selection of the sampling strategy
The selection of the sampling strategy depends on the main objectives and on the results of the
initial investigation of the area. The sampling strategy shall lead to the knowledge of the nature,
activity concentrations, spatial distribution, as well as temporal evolution of the radionuclides,
taking into account changes caused by migration, atmospheric conditions, and land/soil use.
An initial investigation of the area shall be carried out to determine the sampling strategy.
[6] [7]
ISO 10381-1 gives general guidance on the selection of the sampling strategy; ISO 10381-4
gives specific guidance for the investigation of natural, near-natural, and cultivated areas; and
[8]
ISO 10381-5 deals with the investigation of soil contamination at urban and industrial sites.
Details are given in Clause 5 and a scheme for the selection of the sampling strategy is given in Annex A.
b) Planning process — Sampling plan
The sampling plan shall be developed according to the sampling strategy selected. It shall specify the
selection of sampling areas and units, the sampling pattern, the sampling points, the types of samples,
the sampling procedures and equipment, as well as the safety requirements for the personnel.
Details, such as the selection of sampling areas and the sampling units that result from the type
of grid applied to these areas, are given in Clause 6. Definitions of the types of sample are given in
ISO 18589-1. The relationship between sample types is given in Annex B.
c) Sampling process — Collection of samples
The collection of any soil samples in the field shall conform to the established sampling plan.
— For sampling of the top layer, a single sample or n increments of a defined thickness are taken
from each of the selected sampling units.
— For vertical sampling of several soil layers, samples are taken at increasing depth vertically
below the surface sampling point. A single sample or n increments are collected from the various
soil layers with different thicknesses according to the sampling depth. Special care should be
exercised in order not to mix samples from different soil layers.
Details are given in Clauses 6 and 7.
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d) Sampling process — Preparation of the sorted sample
The preparation of sorted samples is carried out by the reduction of single or composite samples. A
sorted sample should be representative of the average value of one or more given soil characteristics.
The identification, labelling, packaging, and transport procedures of sorted samples to the laboratory
shall guarantee the preservation of their characteristics.
Details are given in 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5.
e) Laboratory process — Handling of the laboratory sample
After arrival at the laboratory, the sorted samples are considered as laboratory samples for storage
and further pre-treatment before their analysis.
Details are given in Clause 8.
f) Laboratory process — Preparation of the test sample
Before any testing, the laboratory samples are pre-treated by drying, crushing, sieving, and
homogenizing to produce test samples in the form of a fine, homogeneous powder. Pre-treatment
shall guarantee that the physical and chemical characteristics of the test sample are constant
over time, thus rendering the results easier to interpret. Representative subsamples with masses
determined by the specifications of the different radioactivity measurements shall be isolated from
the test sample as test portions.
Details are given in Clause 8.
If some material is stored for future investigations or for the purpose of settling a potential dispute,
subsamples shall be taken from the laboratory sample or the test sample in an acceptable and
documented manner.
5 Sampling strategy
5.1 General
During the planning process, the sampling strategy for the site under investigation is determined
according to the objectives described in Clause 4 item a), resulting in the definition of a sampling plan.
[1],[2],[4],[9],[11],[12]
5.2 Initial investigation
Whatever the objective of the work being carried out, certain preliminaries shall be undertaken during
the initial investigation phase to help define the sampling strategy, such as the following:
— analysis of historical and administrative data, company archives, previous studies, and interviews
with former employees, which help identify potential sources of radioactive contamination;
— collection of information on geological, hydrological, and pedological characteristics and on the
main climatic parameters, in order to characterize the spatial and temporal development of the
characteristics of the radioactivity of an area;
— survey of the site under investigation to identify its topography, the nature of the vegetation cover,
and any peculiarities that can affect the techniques and the sampling plan;
— for farmland, collection of information from the farmers on the nature and depth of works (sub-
soiling or drainage, ploughing and harrowing ditches, etc.) and on chemical fertilizers and additives
that can lead to excessive natural radioactivity (nature and quantity of products applied).
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When data on radioactive soil contamination are not available or in case of suspicion of contamination,
in situ analytical investigation using portable detectors or some preliminary sampling and subsequent
laboratory analysis can be necessary in order to select the sampling areas and strategy.
5.3 Types of sampling strategies
Sampling strategies are either orientated or probabilistic depending upon the objectives and the initial
knowledge of radioactivity distribution over the area under investigation.
Orientated strategies are based on a priori constraints that lead to a selection of sampling units in a
specific area under special scrutiny because of particular interest or level of contamination.
Probabilistic strategies are based on a selection of sampling units without any a priori constraints.
The selection of sampling units and points is described in 6.2.
5.4 Selection of the sampling strategy
The approach or sampling strategy shall be selected depending on the objective pursued and the relevant
end points, for example the protection of humans a
...