SIST EN 1371-1:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010
01-november-2010
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NRNLOQRXOLWLLQQL]NRWODþQRXOLWLXOLWNL
Founding - Liquid penetrant inspection - Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die
castings
Gießereiwesen - Eindringprüfung - Teil 1: Sand-, Schwerkraftkokillen- und
Niederdruckkokillengussstücke
Fonderie - Contrôle par ressuage - Partie 1: Pièces moulées en sable, en coquille, par
gravité et basse pression
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1371-1 rev
ICS:
77.140.80 Železni in jekleni ulitki Iron and steel castings
oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010

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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010


EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1371-1 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

June 2010
ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Will supersede EN 1371-1:1997
English Version
Founding - Liquid penetrant inspection - Part 1: Sand, gravity die
and low pressure die castings
Fonderie - Contrôle par ressuage - Partie 1: Pièces Gießereiwesen - Eindringprüfung - Teil 1: Sand-,
moulées en sable, en coquille, par gravité et basse Schwerkraftkokillen- und Niederdruckkokillengußstücke
pression
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 190.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1371-1 rev:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010
prEN 1371-1:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection .5
4 Method of inspection .6
4.1 Operating mode .6
4.2 Qualification of the operators .6
4.3 Surface preparation .6
4.4 Conditions of inspection .6
5 Acceptance criteria .7
5.1 Indications of discontinuities .7
5.1.1 General .7
5.1.2 Criteria .7
5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications .7
5.3 Severity levels .8
5.3.1 General .8
5.3.2 Criteria .8
5.3.3 Tables .8
6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results .8
7 Retesting .9
8 Post-examination cleaning procedures .9
9 Test report .9
Annex A (normative) Conversion of severity levels of linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications . 13
Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant
inspection indications . 14
Annex C (informative) Reference figures – Non-linear isolated indications designated SP . 15
Annex D (informative) Reference figures – Non-linear indications designated SP and CP . 18
Annex E (informative) Reference figures – Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP . 20
Annex F (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant test report . 24
Annex G (informative) Significant technical changes between this European and the previous
edition of EN 1371-1 . 27
Bibliography . 28

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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010
prEN 1371-1:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1371-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry
technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1371-1:1997.
Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 11 "Surface
inspection" to revise the following standard:
 EN 1371-1, Founding — Liquid penetrant inspection — Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die
castings
This is one of two European Standards for liquid penetrant inspection for castings.
The other standard is:
 EN 1371-2, Founding — Liquid penetrant inspection — Part 2: Investment castings
Annex G provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous
edition.

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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010
prEN 1371-1:2010 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant inspection given in EN 571-1
for the additional requirements of the foundry industry.
Liquid penetrant inspection as well as any other non destructive examination method is part of a general or
specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at
the time of acceptance of the order.
Penetrant testing examination of castings is standardized in two parts:
 EN 1371-1, Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings
 EN 1371-2, Investment castings
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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010
prEN 1371-1:2010 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to the liquid penetrant testing of all castings (except copper-tin and/or
copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent) produced in conventional sand moulds,
by gravity and low-pressure die casting whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce them.
This standard does not apply to investment and pressure die castings.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles
EN 571-1, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles
prEN 1370, Founding — Examination of surface conditions
EN 1371-2, Founding — Liquid penetrant inspection — Part 2: Investment castings
EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing — Viewing conditions
3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection
The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant inspection is to be performed shall be clearly defined by
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of ordering.
The methods detailed in this standard shall only apply to the surfaces of castings and the percentage or
number of castings to be checked.
For each agreed area of the casting to be inspected, the following shall be indicated:
 type of discontinuity;
 severity level.
This information enables the manufacturer to assess the additional inspections and operations involved.
Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant inspection selected. Therefore the liquid
penetrants used and the method agreed shall fit to detect the minimum required severity level.
The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected
(see Table 1 and Table 2).
The conversion from the severity levels specified in EN 1371-1:1997, Table 3 to the severity levels specified in
Table 2 of the present edition is given in Table A.1.

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4 Method of inspection
4.1 Operating mode
Inspection shall be carried out as described in EN 571-1. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall
be checked in accordance with specifications to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
4.2 Qualification of the operators
Unless otherwise agreed, inspection shall be performed by personnel, qualified in accordance with EN 473 or
by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent.
4.3 Surface preparation
The surface to be inspected shall be clean, free from rust, sand, scale, moulding and mould coating residues,
oil, grease, paint or any other contaminant which can interfere with a correct inspection.
1)
If sand blasting or shot blasting is required, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or
closing up possible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable
then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in order to enable detection of discontinuities. The
chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperature,
immersion time neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded.
The surface finish of the casting in the area to be tested shall have sufficient brightness and contrast of colour
and adequate shape to determine the required severity level. Unless otherwise specified at the time of
ordering, the surface finish shall be selected from Table 3.
NOTE It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish is carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness
comparator.
4.4 Conditions of inspection
The inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing
conditions in conformity with EN ISO 3059.

1) Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing.
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5 Acceptance criteria
5.1 Indications of discontinuities
5.1.1 General
The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), aligned or linear. Although liquid
penetrant inspection cannot generally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities, it allows
discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indication. In the following clauses:
 L indicates length;
 W indicates width;
 P indicates liquid penetrant;
 SP indicates non-linear isolated indication;
 CP indicates non-linear clustered indication;
 AP indicates aligned indication;
 LP indicates linear indication.
5.1.2 Criteria
The physical discontinuities shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant inspection
indication.
The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, etc.) shown
in Annex B (informative).
5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications
a) linear indication (LP). An indication with a largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension
(i.e. L ≥ 3 W);
b) non-linear indication. An indication with a largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension
(i.e. L < 3 W):
 isolated (SP);
 clustered (CP): area of multiple indications, the distance between the indications cannot be
measured (they seem to form only one indication);
c) aligned indication (AP). Indications that are either:
 linear: the distance between two indications is smaller than the length of the longest discontinuity in
the alignment; or
 non-linear: the distance between two indications is less than 2 mm and at least three indications are
noted.
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oSIST prEN 1371-1:2010
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5.3 Severity levels
5.3.1 General
Several severity levels are recognized in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2. It is necessary to carry out the
test on a surface corresponding to a given degree of finish (see Table 3) depending on the severity level
desired.
The liquid penetrant inspection for each type of indication and its severity levels shall be specified at the time
of ordering, by the purchaser, depending on the use of the castings. The manufacturer shall give his
agreement.
The penetrant indications to be taken into account shall have dimensions in accordance with the severity
level.
5.3.2 Criteria
Table 1 and Table 2 show the largest dimensions of the smallest indications to be considered in the severity
level concerned.
5.3.3 Tables
Table 1 corresponds to non-linear isolated or non-linear clustered indications.
Examples of non-linear indications are shown in Annexes C and D. These have been established in
accordance with Table 1; the reference figures are given to and shall be interpreted against a scale of 1:1.
Table 2 corresponds to linear or aligned indications.
Table 1 and Table 2 are independent (different severity levels may be selected from these tables).
6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results
2)
In order to classify an indication of discontinuity, a frame measuring 105 mm × 148 mm should be placed in
the most unfavourable location. The observed indications shall be in relation to the reference severity levels
as described in this standard and compared to the equivalent or immediately better severity level.
Indications shall be considered to be equivalent when the same number of non-linear spots and/or the same
length of linear indications of similar appearance are detected. Maximum permissible discontinuities may

2)
appear simultaneously on the area of 105 mm × 148 mm .
If, for any indication type, the observed sev
...