SIST EN ISO 21637:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
01-marec-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15357:2011
Trdna alternativna goriva - Slovar (ISO 21637:2020)
Solid recovered fuels - Vocabulary (ISO 21637:2020)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO
21637:2020)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Vocabulaire (ISO 21637:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21637:2020
ICS:
01.040.75 Naftna in sorodna tehnologija Petroleum and related
(Slovarji) technologies (Vocabularies)
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST EN ISO 21637:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021

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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021


EN ISO 21637
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

December 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 15357:2011
English Version

Solid recovered fuels - Vocabulary (ISO 21637:2020)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Vocabulaire Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie,
(ISO 21637:2020) Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO 21637:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21637:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
EN ISO 21637:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
EN ISO 21637:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21637:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300 "Solid
Recovered Fuels" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid Recovered Fuels” the
secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15357:2011.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21637:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21637:2020 without any modification.

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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21637
First edition
2020-12
Solid recovered fuels — Vocabulary
Combustibles solides de récupération — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 21637:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 21637:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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ISO 21637:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Terms grouped by typical uses.12
Bibliography .13
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 21637:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 343, Solid
Recovered Fuels, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
ISO 21637:2020(E)

Introduction
The terminology, definitions and descriptions included in this document are those needed to understand
the scope of ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels, and those that appear in two or more standards of
ISO/TC 300.
Where a term is used in only one standard, the term will be defined in the individual standard.
Due to the development cycle of other standards of ISO/TC 300, Solid recovered fuels, there may be
instances of the terms not following the above rule. Where possible, this document tries to follow the rules
stated, however, users should check terms and the understanding of terms in other standards as well.
Following the ISO rules, this document does not include common and generic terms.
Annex A provides a list of terms grouped by sub-sections to enable the user to find terms more quickly.
Where there are several synonyms that can be used, the preferred one is written first.
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SIST EN ISO 21637:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21637:2020(E)
Solid recovered fuels — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms for solid recovered fuels to enable the user to understand the scope of
the work of ISO/TC 300. Where a term and definition are required in a single standard, the term and
definition will be referenced in that standard.
Vocabulary boundaries are described in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Vocabulary boundaries for solid recovered fuels
NOTE Solid biofuels are covered by the scope of ISO/TC 238.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analysis sample
sample (3.63) taken specifically for the purpose of determining specified parameters
3.2
as received
ar
calculation basis for material at delivery to the end user
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3.3
ash
ash content on dry basis
total ash
A
mass of inorganic residue remaining after ignition of a fuel under specified conditions, also includes
removed ash contributors (3.62)
Note 1 to entry: This is expressed as mass fraction in per cent of the dry matter (3.22) in the fuel.
Note 2 to entry: Depending on the combustion efficiency, the ash may contain combustibles.
Note 3 to entry: If a complete combustion is realized, ash contains only inorganic, non-combustible components.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.13, modified — “ignition” has replaced “combustion”, details of the unit
have been moved to a new Note 1 to entry, “also includes removed ash contributors” has been added,
and the old Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.4
ash fusibility
ash melting behaviour
characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions
Note 1 to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions.
Note 2 to entry: See also ash sphere temperature (3.5).
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.16, modified — In Note 2 to entry, “ash shrinkage temperature” has been
changed to “ash sphere temperature”.]
3.5
ash sphere temperature
temperature where the height of a pyramidal and truncated-cone ash test piece is equal to the width
of the base, or the edges of cubical or cylindrical ash test pieces are completely round with the height
remaining unchanged
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 540:2008, 3.2.
3.6
bale
material which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density
3.7
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.32, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been removed.]
3.8
bridging
arching
tendency of particles to form a stable bridge across an opening and which restricts flow
3.9
bulk density
ρ
mass of a portion (i.e. a large quantity of particulate material) of a solid fuel divided by the volume of
the container which is filled by that portion under specific conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.40]
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3.10
calorific value
heating value
quantity of heat produced by the complete combustion, at a constant pressure equal to 1 013,25 mbar,
of a unit volume or mass of gas, the constituents of the combustible mixture being taken at reference
conditions and the products of combustion being brought back to the same conditions
[SOURCE: EN 437:2018, modified — The second paragraph and list have been removed.]
3.11
chips
chipped material with a typical length 5 mm to 50 mm commonly in the form of pieces with a defined
particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives
3.12
classification of solid recovered fuels
categorizing of solid recovered fuels (3.75) into classes focusing on the key properties (net calorific
value, chlorine and mercury) that are defined by boundary values
3.13
component
part or element of a larger whole of a solid recovered fuel (3.75) or a general material
3.14
composition
break down of solid recovered fuels (3.75) by types of components (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: This is typically expressed as a percentage of the mass fraction component in the fuel on an as
received (3.2) basis (% in mass ar).
Note 2 to entry: Examples of components: wood, paper, board, textiles, plastics, rubber.
3.15
crushing
mechanical reduction of particle size by exerting mainly blunt deforming forces to a material
3.16
densified solid recovered fuel
solid recovered fuel (3.75) made by mechanically compressing loose material to mould it into a specific
size and shape
Note 1 to entry: Examples are pellets and briquettes.
Note 2 to entry: The process can be aided by adding heat or binders.
3.17
distribution factor
correction factor for the particle size distribution (3.53) of the material to be sampled
3.18
drop flow
material flow falling over an overflow point or a drop point in a transport system
3.19
drying
process of removing water from a material
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of test sample preparation, it may be useful to remove just the amount of water
that could interfere with other processes involved (e.g. during crushing (3.15) or milling (3.42)). In order to
minimise the alteration of the solid fuel during test portion preparation, removing the total amount of water
present is not necessarily needed.
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3.20
dry
dry basis
d
calculation basis in which the material is considered free from moisture (3.46)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.72, modified — “Solid biofuel” has been replaced with “material” and the
notes to entry have been removed.]
3.21
dry ash free
dry ash free basis
daf
calculation basis in which the material is considered free from moisture (3.46) and ash (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: The abbreviation of dry ash free is daf.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.71, modified — “Solid biofuel” has been replaced by “material” and
“inorganic matter” by “ash”.]
3.22
dry matter
material remaining after removal of moisture (3.46) under specific conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.73]
3.23
duplicate sample
two samples (3.63) taken under comparable conditions
Note 1 to entry: This selection may be accomplished by taking units adjacent in time or space.
3.24
effective increment size
minimum sample size (3.44) divided by the number of increments (3.39)
3.25
effective sample size
effective increment size (3.24) multiplied by the number of increments (3.39)
3.26
electromagnetic separation of non-ferrous metals
separation of non-ferrous metals by inducing temporary magnetic forces
Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as eddy current separation.
3.27
energy conversion
use of the calorific value (3.10) of the solid recovered fuel (3.75) for energy purposes (3.29), alone or with
other fuels
Note 1 to entry: Solid recovered fuels may be an intermediary energy carrier and used directly or indirectly for
the energy conversion such as in multi-stage production and use of synthetic gas. Examples of energy conversion
processes are incineration, co-incineration, combustion, co-combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, in which
energy is used for supplying heat, cooling and/or electric power.
3.28
energy density
E
ratio of net energy content and bulk volume
Note 1 to entry: The energy density is calculated by dividing the net calorific value by the bulk density (3.9).
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[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.79, modified — Note 1 to entry has been changed.]
3.29
energy purposes
use of the calorific value (3.10) within industrial processes or for the supply of heat and electrical power
Note 1 to entry: For industrial processes, the use of solid recovered fuel may contribute to the energy source
within the process of producing specific materials, such as cement clinker, bricks and lime.
3.30
fines
small sized particles in fuel below a certain pre-defined size, as agreed by the parties (3.54)
Note 1 to entry
...