SIST EN 12680-1:2003

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gießereiwesen - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 1: Stahlgussstücke für allgemeine VerwendungFonderie - Contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 1: Pieces moulées en acier pour usages générauxFounding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes77.140.80Železni in jekleni ulitkiIron and steel castings77.040.20Neporušitveno preskušanje kovinNon-destructive testing of metalsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12680-1:2003SIST EN 12680-1:2003en01-november-2003SIST EN 12680-1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12680-1January 2003ICS 77.040.20English versionFounding - Ultrasonic examination - Part 1: Steel castings forgeneral purposesFonderie - Contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 1: Piècesmoulées en acier pour usages générauxGießereiwesen - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 1:Stahlgussstücke für allgemeine VerwendungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12680-1:2003 ESIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Requirements.54.1Order information.54.2Extent of examination.64.3Maximum permissible size of discontinuities.64.4Personnel qualification.64.5Wall section zones.74.6Severity levels.75Examination.75.1Principles.75.2Material.75.3Equipment and coupling medium.85.4Preparation of casting surfaces for examination.85.5Examination procedure.95.6Examination report.11Annex A (informative)
Sound-beam diameters.19Annex B (informative)
Types of indications.21Bibliography.33SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12680-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 "Foundry Technol-ogy", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by July 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJuly 2003.Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 4.10 "Inner defects"to prepare the following standard:EN 12680-1, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes.This is one of three European Standards for ultrasonic examination. The other standards are:EN 12680-2, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components.EN 12680-3, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings.Annexes A and B are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swe-den, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of steel castings (with ferriticstructure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo tech-nique.This European Standard applies to the ultrasonic examination of steel castings which have usually received a grainrefining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to test procedure and recording levels.This European Standard does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: General principles.EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting.EN 583-5, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 5: Characterization and sizing of discon-tinuities.EN 12223, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Specification for calibration block No. 1.EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 1: Instruments.EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 2: Probes.EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 3: Combined equipment.EN 27963, Welds in steel — Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds (ISO 7963:1985).3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.NOTEOther terms and definitions used in this European Standard are given in EN 583-1, EN 583-2, EN 583-5 andEN 1330-4.3.1reference discontinuity echo sizesmallest indication to be recorded during the assessment phase of an ultrasonic examination, usually expressed asan equivalent flat-bottomed hole diameterSIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)53.2point discontinuitydiscontinuity, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam widthNOTEDimensions in this standard relate to length, width and/or dimension in through-wall direction.3.3complex discontinuitydiscontinuity, the dimensions of which are larger than the sound-beam widthNOTEDimensions in this standard relate to length, width and/or dimension in through-wall direction.3.4planar discontinuitydiscontinuity having two measurable dimensions3.5volumetric discontinuitydiscontinuity having three measurable dimensions3.6special rim zoneouter rim zone part with special requirements (for e.g. machined surfaces, higher stresses, sealing surfaces)3.7production weldingany welding carried out during manufacturing before final delivery to the purchaser3.7.1joint weldingproduction welding used to assemble components together to obtain an integral unit3.7.2finishing weldingproduction welding carried out in order to ensure the agreed quality of the casting4 Requirements4.1 Order informationThe following information shall be available at the time of enquiry and order (see also EN 583-1):¾ the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the ultrasonic examination require-ments apply (examination volume, extent of examination);¾ the severity level to be applied to the various zones or areas of the casting (acceptance criteria);¾ requirements for a written examination procedure;¾ whether there are any additional requirements for the examination procedure, see also 5.5.1.SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)64.2 Extent of examinationThe casting shall be examined so that the agreed areas are totally covered (insofar as this is possible from theshape of the casting) by the use of the best applicable examination technique.For wall thicknesses greater than 600 mm, agreement shall be made between the parties concerned on the exami-nation procedure and also on the recording and acceptance levels.4.3 Maximum permissible size of discontinuities4.3.1 Limits of acceptance for planar discontinuities mainly orientated perpendicular to the surfaceThe limits of acceptance for planar discontinuities are given in Figure 1.Indications with measurable dimensions are not permissible as severity level 1.The largest dimension in through-wall direction shall not exceed 10 % of wall thickness, except indications with ameasurable length £ 10 mm. Such indications shall not exceed a dimension in through-wall direction of 25 % of wallthickness or 20 mm.The greatest distance between indications as criterion for evaluation as single indication or indication area perpen-dicular or lateral to the surface shall be 10 mm.For an area with measurable length and non-measurable dimension in through-wall direction, this non-measurabledimension shall be taken as 3 mm and the area be calculated:A = 3 ´ L(1)where¾ A is the area of indication expressed in square millimetres;¾ 3 is the taken width in millimetres;¾ L is the measurable length expressed in millimetres.4.3.2 Limits of acceptance for volumetric discontinuitiesThe limits of acceptance for volumetric discontinuities are given in Table 1. Any discontinuity exceeding one of thecriteria shall be considered as unacceptable.4.3.3 Maximum permissible discontinuities in the case of radiographic examination of the casting carriedout as a supplement to ultrasonic examinationUnless otherwise agreed by the time of enquiry and order, when, after conducting the radiographic and the ultra-sonic examination in combination, it has been demonstrated that a discontinuity is situated in the core zone, thisadditional information makes the discontinuity acceptable at one level less severe, e.g. severity level 3 instead of 2for radiographic examination, see EN 1559-2.4.4 Personnel qualificationIt is assumed that ultrasonic examination is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove thisqualification, it is recommended to certify personnel in accordance with EN 473.SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)74.5 Wall section zonesThe wall section shall be divided into zones as shown in Figure 2. These sections relate to the dimensions of thecasting ready for assembly (finish machined).4.6 Severity levelsIf the purchaser specifies different severity levels in different areas of the same casting, all of these areas shall beclearly identified on the purchaser's drawing and shall include:¾ all necessary dimensions for accurate location of zones;¾ the full extent of all weld preparations and the thickness of any special rim zone.Severity level 1 is only applied to weld preparations and special rim zones.Unless other requirements have been agreed by the time of acceptance of the order, for finishing welds, the re-quirements for the parent metal shall apply.5 Examination5.1 PrinciplesThe principles of ultrasonic examination given in EN 583-1, EN 583-2 and EN 583-5 shall apply.5.2 MaterialThe suitability of material for ultrasonic examination is assessed by comparison with the echo height of a referencereflector (usually the first backwall echo) and the noise signal. This assessment shall be carried out on selectedcasting areas which are representative of the surface finish and of the total thickness range. The assessment areasshall have parallel surfaces.The reference echo height according to Table 2 shall be at least 6 dB above the noise signal.If the echo height of this smallest detectable flat-bottomed or equivalent side-drilled hole diameter at the end of thetest range to be assessed is less than 6 dB above the grass level, then the ultrasonic testability is reduced. In thiscase, the flat-bottomed or side-drilled hole diameter which can be detected with a signal-noise ratio of at least 6 dBshall be noted in the test report and the additional procedure shall be agreed between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.NOTEFor the definition of an adequate flat-bottomed hole size, the distance gain size system (DGS) or a test block ofidentical material, heat treatment condition and section thickness containing flat-bottomed holes with a diameter according toTable 2 or equivalent side-drilled holes, can be used. The following formula is used for converting the flat-bottomed hole di-ameter into the side-drilled hole diameter:sDD´´=2FBHQl4935,4(2)whereDQis the side-drilled hole diameter in millimetres;DFBHis the flat-bottomed hole diameter in millimetres;lis the wave length in millimetres;SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)8sis the path length in millimetres.The formula is applicable for DQ ³ 2 l and s ³ 5 ´ near-field length and is only defined for single element probes.5.3 Equipment and coupling medium5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrumentThe ultrasonic instrument shall meet the requirements given in EN 12668-1 and shall have the following character-istics:¾ range setting, from at least 10 mm to 2 m continuously selectable, for longitudinal and transverse wavestransmitted in steel;¾ gain, adjustable in 2 dB maximum steps over a range of at least 80 dB with a measuring accuracy of 1 dB;¾ time-base and vertical linearities less than 5 % of the adjustment range of the screen;¾ suitability at least for nominal frequencies from 1 MHz up to and including 5 MHz in pulse-echo technique withsingle-crystal and twin-crystal probes.5.3.2 Probes and transducer frequenciesThe probes and transducer frequencies shall be as given in EN 12668-2 and EN 12668-3 with the following excep-tions:¾ nominal frequencies shall be in the range 1 MHz to 5 MHz;¾ for oblique incidence, angle probes with angles between 35° and 70° shall be used.NOTENormal or angle probes can be used for the examination of steel castings. The type of probe used depends on thegeometry of the casting and the type of discontinuity to be detected.For examining zones close to the surface, twin-crystal probes (normal or angle) should be preferred.5.3.3 Checking the ultrasonic examination equipmentThe ultrasonic examination equipment shall be checked regularly by the operator according to EN 12668-3.5.3.4 Coupling mediumA coupling medium in accordance with EN 583-1 shall be used. The coupling medium shall wet the examinationarea to ensure satisfactory sound transmission. The same coupling medium shall be used for calibration and allsubsequent examination operations.NOTEThe sound transmission can be checked by ensuring one or more stable backwall echoes in areas with parallelsurfaces.5.4 Preparation of casting surfaces for examinationFor the preparation of casting surfaces for examination see EN 583-1.The casting surfaces to be examined shall be such that satisfactory coupling with the probe can be achieved.In the case of single-crystal probes, satisfactory coupling can be achieved if the condition of the surfaces to be ex-amined corresponds at least to the limit comparator 4 S1 or 4 S2 according to EN 1370.The roughness of any machined surface to be examined shall be Ra £ 12,5 SIST EN 12680-1:2003



EN 12680-1:2003 (E)9For special techniques, higher surface qualities such as 2 S1, 2 S2 (see EN 1370) and Ra £ 6,3 s-sary.5.5 Examination procedure5.5.1 GeneralBecause the choice of both the direction of incidence and suitable probes largely depends on the shape of thecasting or on the possible casting discontinuities or on the possible discontinuities from finishing welding, the appli-cable examination procedure shall be specified by the manufacturer of the casting. In special cases, specificagreements can be made.If possible, the areas to be tested shall be examined from both sides. When testing from one side only, short-rangeresolvin
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