Dentistry - Refractory investment and die material (ISO 15912:2016)

This International Standard gives requirements and test methods for determining the compliance of
dental casting investment, dental brazing investment, dental pressable-ceramic investment and dental
refractory die materials used in the dental laboratory, regardless of the composition of the refractory
powder, the composition of the binder, or the particular application.
This International Standard classifies such products into types and classes, according to their intended
use and the burn-out procedure recommended by the manufacturer.
It also gives requirements for marking, labelling and manufacturer’s instructions.
It specifies requirements for the essential physical and mechanical properties of the products and the
test methods to be used for determining them.
NOTE 1 Compliance with all of the requirements presented in Clause 5 may not be necessary for some products,
and a requirement might not be applicable to a product with a particular binder chemistry or be intended for an
application in which that requirement is irrelevant. When this is the case, a clear statement to this effect is given
according to Clause 5.
NOTE 2 A specific quantitative requirement for setting expansion is not included in this International Standard.
If the setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investment is measured, then the procedure given in ISO 6873[1] can
be considered — a procedure not recommended, however, for investment materials with other binders.

Zahnheilkunde - Hochtemperaturbeständige Einbettmassen und Stumpfmaterialien (ISO 15912:2016)

N/A

Art dentaire - Revêtements et matériaux pour modèles réfractaires (ISO 15912:2016)

ISO 15912:2016 donne les exigences et les méthodes d'essai permettant de déterminer la conformité des produits de revêtement à couler, des produits de revêtement pour le brasage, des produits de revêtement en céramique enfoncée et des produits pour modèles réfractaires utilisés dans les laboratoires dentaires, quelle que soit la composition de la poudre réfractaire, la composition du liant ou l'application particulière.
ISO 15912:2016 organise ces produits en différents types et classes selon l'utilisation prévue et selon le mode opératoire de chauffe recommandé par le fabricant.
Elle donne également les exigences relatives au marquage, à l'étiquetage et aux instructions du fabricant.
Elle spécifie les exigences relatives aux propriétés physiques et mécaniques essentielles des produits et les méthodes d'essai à utiliser pour les déterminer.
NOTE 1       La conformité à toutes les exigences de l'Article 5 peut ne pas être nécessaire pour certains produits, et il se peut qu'une exigence ne s'applique pas à un produit dont la composition chimique du liant est particulière ou à un produit destiné à une application pour laquelle cette exigence n'est pas pertinente. Dans ce cas, une mention claire doit être indiquée à cet effet conformément à l'Article 5.
NOTE 2       Aucune exigence spécifique quantitative s'appliquant à l'expansion de prise n'est incluse dans la présente Norme internationale. Si l'expansion de prise d'un revêtement à liant-plâtre est mesurée, le mode opératoire donné dans l'ISO 6873[1] peut être envisagé. Ce mode opératoire n'est toutefois pas recommandé pour les produits de revêtement comprenant d'autres liants.

Zobozdravstvo - Polnila in refrakcijski materiali (ISO 15912:2016)

Ta mednarodni standard določa zahteve in preskusne metode za določanje skladnosti dentalnih polnil za odlitke, dentalnih polnil za spajkanje, dentalnih polnil za stiskano keramiko in dentalnih refrakcijskih materialov, ki se uporabljajo v dentalnem laboratoriju, ne glede na sestavo refrakcijskega praška, sestavo veziva ali posamezno vrsto uporabe.
Ta mednarodni standard razvršča te izdelke v tipe in razrede glede na njihovo načrtovano uporabo ter postopek izgorevanja, ki ga priporoča proizvajalec.
Podaja tudi zahteve za označevanje, etiketiranje in navodila proizvajalca.
Določa zahteve za bistvene fizične in mehanske lastnosti izdelkov ter preskusne metode za njihovo ugotavljanje.
OPOMBA 1: Skladnost z vsemi zahtevami iz točke 5 morda ni potrebna za nekatere izdelke, posamezna zahteva pa morda ni ustrezna za izdelek s posebno kemijo veziva ali za uporabo, za katero ta zahteva ne velja. V tem primeru se poda jasna izjava o tem v skladu s točko 5.
OPOMBA 2: Posebna kvantitativna zahteva za razširitev zaradi strditve ni vključena v ta mednarodni standard. Če se izmeri razširitev zaradi strditve polnila, vezanega z mavcem, se lahko upošteva postopek iz standarda ISO 6873[1], ki pa ni priporočljiv za polnila z drugimi vezivi.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
29-Oct-2014
Publication Date
04-Apr-2016
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
22-Feb-2016
Due Date
28-Apr-2016
Completion Date
05-Apr-2016

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
01-maj-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 15912:2006
SIST EN ISO 15912:2006/A1:2011
Zobozdravstvo - Polnila in refrakcijski materiali (ISO 15912:2016)
Dentistry - Refractory investment and die material (ISO 15912:2016)
Zahnheilkunde - Hochtemperaturbeständige Einbettmassen und Stumpfmaterialien (ISO
15912:2016)
Art dentaire - Revêtements et matériaux pour modèles réfractaires (ISO 15912:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15912:2016
ICS:
11.060.10 =RERWHKQLþQLPDWHULDOL Dental materials
SIST EN ISO 15912:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016


EN ISO 15912
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

February 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.060.10 Supersedes EN ISO 15912:2006
English Version

Dentistry - Refractory investment and die material (ISO
15912:2016)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Revêtements et matériaux Zahnheilkunde - Hochtemperaturbeständige
pour modèles réfractaires (ISO 15912:2016) Einbettmassen und Stumpfmaterialien (ISO
15912:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15912:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
EN ISO 15912:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
EN ISO 15912:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 15912:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
“Dentistry” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 15912:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15912:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15912:2016 without any modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15912
Second edition
2016-01-15
Dentistry — Refractory investment
and die material
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Revêtements et matériaux pour
modèles réfractaires
Reference number
ISO 15912:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
ISO 15912:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
ISO 15912:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification . 3
5 Requirements . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Material consistency and freedom from contamination . 3
5.3 Fluidity . 3
5.4 Initial setting time . 4
5.5 Compressive strength . 4
5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change . 4
5.7 Adequacy of expansion of Type 1 and Type 2 materials . 4
6 Sampling, test conditions and mixing . 4
6.1 Sampling . 4
6.2 Test conditions . 4
6.3 Mixing . 5
6.3.1 Apparatus . 5
6.3.2 Procedure . 5
7 Test methods . 5
7.1 Material consistency and freedom from contamination . 5
7.1.1 Test procedure . 5
7.1.2 Test report . 5
7.2 Fluidity . 5
7.2.1 Apparatus . 5
7.2.2 Number of test-pieces . 6
7.2.3 Test procedure . 6
7.2.4 Evaluation of results . 6
7.2.5 Test report . 6
7.3 Initial setting time . 7
7.3.1 Apparatus . 7
7.3.2 Procedure . 9
7.3.3 Number of determinations. 9
7.3.4 Evaluation of results .10
7.3.5 Test report .10
7.4 Compressive strength .10
7.4.1 Apparatus .10
7.4.2 Number of test-pieces .10
7.4.3 Preparation of test-pieces .11
7.4.4 Test procedure .11
7.4.5 Evaluation of results .12
7.4.6 Test report .12
7.5 Linear thermal dimensional change .12
7.5.1 Apparatus .12
7.5.2 Number of test-pieces .13
7.5.3 Preparation of the test-piece .13
7.5.4 Test procedure for the measurement of linear thermal expansion of Types
1, 2 and 3 products . .14
7.5.5 Test procedure for the measurement of linear thermal dimensional
changes of a Type 4 product .15
7.5.6 Evaluation of results .15
7.5.7 Test report .16
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
ISO 15912:2016(E)

7.6 Adequacy of expansion of Type 1 and Type 2 products .16
7.6.1 General.16
7.6.2 Type 1 and Type 2 products intended for casting of dental metallic materials .17
7.6.3 Type 1 products intended for dental pressable-ceramic products .18
7.6.4 Evaluation of results .20
7.6.5 Test report .20
8 Manufacturer’s instructions .20
8.1 General .20
8.2 Information for use .20
8.3 Physical properties .21
8.4 Safety labelling and instructions for a product containing silica .22
9 Marking .22
9.1 General .22
9.2 Powder container .22
9.2.1 Outer container .22
9.2.2 Individual packets .23
9.3 Liquid container .23
10 Packaging .23
10.1 Powder .23
10.2 Liquid .24
Bibliography .25
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
ISO 15912:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 106 Dentistry, Subcommittee SC2,
Prosthodontic Materials.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15912:2006), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 15912-1:2006/Amd 1:2011.
In this edition, dental pressable-ceramic investment materials are included in the Scope for the first
time. These products are intended for the production of ceramic crowns and inlays and, as such, the
same requirements as those for an investment product intended for the production of metallic crowns
and inlays by casting are relevant (Type 1, according to the classification in this standard).
The previous edition contained requirements and test methods that had been developed for
discontinued composition specific standards. In recent years products have been introduced that
have other chemistries (for the binder and the refractory phase), specifically to minimize chemical
reaction between the mould and the molten casting metallic material. A number of technical changes
have been made to enable all dental casting investment products, regardless of their composition,
to seek compliance with this International Standard and maintains the agreed philosophy that this
International Standard should be inclusive, application-driven and not be limited by composition
considerations.
Where appropriate, aspects of the test procedures have been changed to follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for use. The requirement for thermal dimensional change now takes into account the
cooling of some products (after burn-out) to a lower casting temperature. The specification for the
dilatometer has been changed for it to be compatible with the heating — and where relevant, the
cooling after burn-out — of the product to the casting temperature.
The procedure for determining the initial setting time has been revised to harmonize with that
[1]
present in the latest edition of the standard for dental gypsum products, ISO 6873:2013. Although
substantially editorial, there are technical changes.
Information for use now requires a statement of the type of refractory phase(s) that is (are) present.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
ISO 15912:2016(E)

Labelling requirements for products that contain silica have been revised to comply with the current
[2]
United Nations Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS)
and recommendations for silica as a hazardous material.
Containers of liquid must be marked to indicate the use to which the liquid is put.
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15912:2016(E)
Dentistry — Refractory investment and die material
1 Scope
This International Standard gives requirements and test methods for determining the compliance of
dental casting investment, dental brazing investment, dental pressable-ceramic investment and dental
refractory die materials used in the dental laboratory, regardless of the composition of the refractory
powder, the composition of the binder, or the particular application.
This International Standard classifies such products into types and classes, according to their intended
use and the burn-out procedure recommended by the manufacturer.
It also gives requirements for marking, labelling and manufacturer’s instructions.
It specifies requirements for the essential physical and mechanical properties of the products and the
test methods to be used for determining them.
NOTE 1 Compliance with all of the requirements presented in Clause 5 may not be necessary for some products,
and a requirement might not be applicable to a product with a particular binder chemistry or be intended for an
application in which that requirement is irrelevant. When this is the case, a clear statement to this effect is given
according to Clause 5.
NOTE 2 A specific quantitative requirement for setting expansion is not included in this International Standard.
[1]
If the setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investment is measured, then the procedure given in ISO 6873 can
be considered — a procedure not recommended, however, for investment materials with other binders.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 286-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes —
Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 6344-1, Coated abrasives — Grain size analysis — Part 1: Grain size distribution test
ISO 6872, Dentistry — Ceramic materials
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of
dates and times
ISO 15854, Dentistry — Casting and baseplate waxes
ISO 22674, Dentistry — Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 15912:2016
ISO 15912:2016(E)

3.1
dental casting investment material
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce a
pourable fluid that sets around a pattern to form the mould for casting a dental metallic prosthesis
Note 1 to entry: In some products, the binder may be dispersed in the refractory powder and the product is supplied
as a mixed powder. Alternatively, the chemistry of the binder may lead to it being present in a solution (to be used
with the powder that is supplied) with part or none of it being dispersed in the refractory powder, as received.
Note 2 to entry: The specified liquid may be pure water, an aqueous binder solution, or an aqueous solution to
enhance expansion.
3.2
dental refractory die material
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce a
fluid that sets (and is designed specifically) to form of a hard die, suitable for the production of a dental
ceramic prosthesis using the sintering technique
3.3
dental brazing investment material
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce a
fluid that sets (and is designed specifically) to form a cast upon which metallic components are held, or
are partly embedded, accurately in place while they are joined by brazing
Note 1 to entry: The cast may be referred to as the model, though that is a deprecated term.
3.4
dental pressable ceramic investment
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce
a pourable fluid that sets around a pattern to form a mould into which a dental pressable-ceramic,
softened by heating, can be forced under pressure
3.5
special liquid
liquid, other than water, supplied by the manufacturer for mixing with the dental casting investment
powder for the purpose of increasing the expansion of the mould
3.6
slow- or step-heating method
heating method in which (at a time after setting that is recommended by the manufacturer) the
dental casting investment mould, or dental pressable-ceramic mould, or dental brazing investment
cast or dental refractory die is placed in a burn-out furnace set at room temperature, after which
the temperature of the furnace is increased to the end temperature in a series of stages and at a
programmed rate recommended by the manufacturer
3.7
quick-heating method
heating method in which (at a time after setting that is recommended by the manufacturer) the dental
casting investment mould, or dental pressable-ceramic mould, or dental brazing investment cast, or
dental refractory die is placed directly into the hot burn-out furnace that is set and held at the burn-out
temperature recommended by the manufacturer
3.8
burn-out tempera
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014
01-oktober-2014
Zobozdravstvo - Polnila in refrakcijski materiali (ISO/DIS 15912:2014)
Dentistry - Refractory investment and die material (ISO/DIS 15912:2014)
Zahnheilkunde - Hochtemperaturbeständige Einbettmassen und Stumpfmaterialien
(ISO/DIS 15912:2014)
Art dentaire - Revêtements et matériaux pour modèles réfractaires (ISO/DIS
15912:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 15912 rev
ICS:
11.060.10 =RERWHKQLþQLPDWHULDOL Dental materials
oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014

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oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 15912
ISO/TC 106/SC 2 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2014-06-05 2014-11-05
Dentistry — Refractory investment and die material
Médecine bucco-dentaire - revetements refractaires et materiaux pour modeles refractaires
ICS: 11.060.10
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments
received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
formal vote in CEN.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 15912:2014(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2014

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oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014
ISO/DIS 15912:2014(E)

Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as
permitted under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract
from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014
SC2 WG13 N140A DIS ISO 15912
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification . 3
5 Requirements . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Materials consistency and freedom from contamination. 3
5.3 Fluidity . 3
5.4 Initial setting time . 3
5.5 Compressive strength. 4
5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change . 4
5.7 Adequacy of expansion for Type 1 and Type 2 materials . 4
6 Sampling, test conditions and mixing . 4
6.1 Sampling . 4
6.2 Test conditions . 4
6.3 Mixing . 4
7 Test methods . 5
7.1 Material consistency and freedom from contamination . 5
7.2 Fluidity . 5
7.3 Initial setting time . 6
7.4 Compressive strength . 10
7.5 Linear thermal dimensional change……………………………………………….…………….…….12
7.6 Adequacy of expansion for Type 1 and Type 2 materials . 16
8 Manufacturer’s instructions . 18
8.1 General . 18
8.2 Information for use . 18
8.3 Physical properties . 19
8.4 Safety labelling and instructions for a product containing silica . 20
9 Marking . 20
9.1 General . 20
9.2 Powder container . 20
9.3 Liquid container . 21
10 Packaging . 21
10.1 Powder . 21
10.2 Liquid . 22
Bibliography . 23
Figure 1 An example of the needle penetrometer…………………………………………………………………7
Figure 2 The sprued disc pattern………………………………………………………………………………….17
Figure 3 The pictogram to be used for The Specific Targeted Organ Toxicity (STOT) for Repeated
Exposure (RE) Level 1, that is relevant to the presence of silica powder at a
  concentration above 1 % mass fraction………………………………….……………….……….20

© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved iii

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oSIST prEN ISO 15912:2014
SC2 WG13 N140A DIS ISO 15912
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15912 Dentistry —Investment and refractory die materials was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
106 Dentistry, Subcommittee SC2, Prosthodontic Materials.
This International Standard contains the requirements and test methods for dental casting investment, dental
brazing investment and dental refractory die materials, for which it is the second edition. This International
Standard cancels and replaces ISO 15912: 2006 Dentistry – Casting investment and refractory die materials
and ISO 15912: 2011 Dentistry – Casting investment and refractory die materials. Amendment 1
Requirements and test methods for adequacy of expansion of Type 1 and Type 2 materials.
The previous edition contained requirements and test methods that had been developed for discontinued
composition specific standards. In recent years products have been introduced that have other chemistries
(for the binder and the refractory phase), specifically to minimise chemical reaction between the mould and
the molten casting metallic material. A number of technical amendments have been made to enable all dental
casting investment products, regardless of their composition, to seek compliance with this International
Standard. This change maintains the agreed philosophy that this International Standard should be application
driven and not limited by composition considerations.
Where appropriate, aspects of the test procedures have been changed to follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for use. The requirement for thermal dimensional change now takes into account the cooling of
some products (after burn-out) to a lower casting temperature. The specification for the dilatometer has been
changed for it to be compatible with the heating (and where relevant, the cooling after burn-out) of the product
to the casting temperature.
The procedure for determining the initial setting time has been changed to harmonise with that present in the
revised standard for dental gypsum products, ISO 6873: 2013 Dentistry – Gypsum products. Although most of
this change is editorial, there are technical changes.
Information for use now requires a statement of the type of refractory phase(s) that is (are) present.
Labelling requirements for products that contain silica have been revised to comply with current United
Nations Globally Harmonized System for Classification and L abelling of Chemicals (UN GHS)
recommendations for silica as a hazardous material.
Containers of liquid must be marked to indicate the use to which the liquid is put.

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Introduction
This is the second edition of the ISO Standard for dental casting investment, dental brazing investment and
dental refractory die materials that are used in the dental laboratory. It gives the requirements and test
methods for determining the compliance of such products with this International Standard, regardless of the
composition of the refractory powder, the composition of the binder, or the particular application. It also gives
the requirements for the manufacturer’s instructions, packaging and marking.
This International Standard classifies such products into Types according to their intended use and Classes
according to the recommended burn-out procedure.
A specific quantitative requirement for setting expansion is not included in this International Standard.
However, if the setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investment is measured, use of the procedure contained
in ISO 6873: 2013 Dentistry - Gypsum products should be considered. This procedure is not recommended
for investment materials with other binders.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SC2 WG13 N140A DIS ISO 15912

Dentistry — Refractory investment and die materials
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to dental casting investment, dental brazing investment and dental
refractory die products without regard to the composition of the binder or the composition of the particulate
refractory phase.
This International Standard classifies such products into Types, according to their intended use and Classes
according to the burn-out procedure that is recommended by the manufacturer.
This International Standard specifies requirements for the essential physical and mechanical properties of
these products and the test methods to be used when determining them. Compliance with all of the
requirements listed in 5 may not be necessary for some products. A requirement may not apply to a product
with a particular binder chemistry or to a product intended for an application in which that requirement is
irrelevant. When this is the case, a clear statement to this effect is given in 5.
This International Standard also includes requirements for marking, labelling and instructions for use.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry – terminology
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods
ISO 6344-1, Coated abrasives - Grain size analysis – Part 1: Grain size distribution test
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and
times
ISO 15854, Dentistry – Casting and base-plate waxes
ISO 22674, Dentistry – Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances
th
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). 5 Revised Edition. United
Nations, New York and Geneva, 2013, ISBN 978-92-1-117042-9.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
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3.1
dental casting investment material
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce a pourable
fluid that sets around a pattern to form the mould for casting a dental metallic prosthesis
NOTE 1 In some products, the binder may be dispersed in the refractory powder and the product is supplied as a
mixed powder. Alternatively, the chemistry of the binder may lead to it being present in a solution (to be used with the
powder that is supplied) with part or none of it being dispersed in the refractory powder, as received.
NOTE 2 The specified liquid may be pure water, an aqueous binder solution, or an aqueous solution to enhance
expansion.
3.2
dental refractory die material
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce a fluid that
sets (and is designed specifically) to form of a hard die, suitable for the production of a dental ceramic
prosthesis using the sintering technique
3.3
dental brazing investment material
powdered particulate refractory and binder system that is mixed with a specified liquid to produce a fluid that
sets (and is designed specifically) to form a cast upon which metallic components are held, or are partly
embedded, accurately in place while they are joined by brazing
NOTE The cast may be referred to as the model, though that is a deprecated term.
3.4
special liquid
liquid, other than water, supplied by the manufacturer for mixing with the dental casting investment powder for
the purpose of increasing the expansion of the mould
3.5
slow- or step-heating method
heating method in which (after a time recommended by the manufacturer) the dental casting investment
mould, or dental brazing investment cast or dental refractory die is placed in a burn-out furnace set at room
temperature, after which the temperature of the furnace is increased to the end temperature in a series of
stages and at a programmed rate recommended by the manufacturer
3.6
quick-heating method
heating method in which the burn-out furnace is set and held at the recommended final burn-out temperature
and at a time after setting that is recommended by the manufacturer the dental casting investment mould, or
dental brazing investment cast, or dental refractory die is placed directly into the hot furnace
3.7
burn-out temperature
for Types 1 and 2 materials: the temperature to which the mould is heated to burn off the pattern material and
expand the mould
for a Type 3 material: the temperature to which the cast is heated to burn off any material used for shielding
and accurately locating the components to be brazed, and to expand the cast
for a Type 4 material: the temperature to which the die is heated initially to burn off the pattern material
3.8
casting temperature
for Types 1 and 2 materials: the temperature of the mould at which the molten metallic material is forced into
the mould
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3.9
green state
condition of the material immediately after setting before structural changes are brought about by aging or
burn-out, changes that produce increased strength or further dimensional changes
4 Classification
For the purposes of this International Standard dental casting investment, dental brazing investment and
dental refractory die materials are categorized by the following types:
- Type 1: For the construction of inlays, crowns and other fixed prostheses;
- Type 2: For the construction of complete or partial dentures or other removable appliances;
- Type 3: For the construction of casts used in brazing procedures;
- Type 4: For the construction of refractory dies.
There are two classes of dental casting investment, dental brazing investment and dental refractory die
material:
- Class 1: Recommended for burn-out by a slow-, or step-heating method;
- Class 2: Recommended for burn-out by a quick-heating method.
5 Requirements
5.1 General
If a manufacturer claims suitability for both Classes, then the material shall satisfy the requirements when it is
subjected to both heating techniques. This applies to requirements 5.5 and 5. 6 and, if appropriate,
requirement 5.7.
5.2 Material consistency and freedom from contamination
When examined in accordance with 7.1, the powder shall be uniform and free of lumps and foreign matter. If a
special liquid is supplied, it shall be free of sediment.
5.3 Fluidity
When measured in accordance with 7.2, the fluidity shall not vary by more than 30 % from the value stated by
the manufacturer [according to 8.3.2 a)].
This requirement does not apply to silica bonded investments (i.e. products in which an alcoholic solution of
ethyl silicate is used in the binding system).
5.4 Initial setting time
When measured in accordance with 7.3, the initial setting time shall not vary by more than 30 % from the
value stated by the manufacturer [according to 8.3.2 b)]. If the manufacturer gives a range for the initial setting
time, then the measured initial setting time shall not vary by more than 30 % from the mid-point of this range.
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5.5 Compressive strength
When measured in accordance with 7.4, the compressive strength of a test-piece shall not be less than 70 %
of the value stated by the manufacturer [according to 8.3.2 c)] and in no case shall be lower than 2 MPa.
5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change
When measured in accordance with 7.5, the linear thermal expansion, for all four Types, shall not vary by
more than 20 % from the value stated by the manufacturer [according to 8.3.2 d)]. If the manufacturer gives a
range for the linear thermal expansion, then the measured linear thermal expansion shall not vary by more
than 20 % from the mid-point of this range.
When measured in accordance with 7.5, the linear firing shrinkage for a Type 4 material shall not vary by
more than 15 % from the value stated by the manufacturer [according to 8.3.2 e)]. If the manufacturer gives a
range for the linear firing shrinkage, then the measured linear firing shrinkage shall not vary by more than 15
% from the mid-point of this range.
5.7 Adequacy of expansion of Type 1 and Type 2 materials
When cast in accordance with 7.6, the diameter of the cast metallic disc, with respect to the diameter of the
pattern from which it was made, shall be:
a) no smaller than 99,5 % in case of a Type 1 material.
b) no smaller than 99,0 % in case of a Type 2 material.
This requirement does not apply to both dental brazing investment material, Type 3, and dental refractory die
material, Type 4.
6 Sampling, test conditions and mixing
6.1 Sampling
Use material from a single lot in packages that have been produced for retail. Use only sealed, undamaged
packages (i.e. packets and containers) that have not exceeded the “use before” date.
6.2 Test conditions
Carry out all testing in a controlled atmosphere:- (23 ± 2) °C, (50 ± 10) % relative humidity and free from
obvious draughts.
NOTE Holding the material and all test equipment under these controlled conditions for a minimum period of 15
hours prior to testing is recommended.
6.3 Mixing
Mix according to the manufacturer's instructions. When a s pecial liquid is supplied, use it at the
manufacturer’s recommended dilution according to 8.2 d). If water is required, use water that complies with
Grade 3 according to ISO 3696.
If a range is given in 8.2 e) for the powder to liquid ratio, or in 8.2 d) for the dilution of the special liquid, use
the midpoint of this range to produce a mix for determining compliance with requirements 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 and
5.6.
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6.3.1 Apparatus
The following items may be needed, depending on the manufacturer's instructions:
a) mixing bowl, clean, dry, flexible, for hand mixing;
b) spatula, rigid for hand mixing;
c) mechanical / vacuum mixer with an appropriate clean and dry mixing bowl;
d) timer, capable of measuring time to an accuracy and resolution of 1 s.
6.3.2 Procedure
Measure the required mass of powder and the recommended volume of liquid, each to an accuracy of 1 %.
Pour the liquid into the mixing bowl and add the powder. Commence timing when liquid and powder make
contact first.
Hand spatulate and/or mix mechanically (with a vacuum, if specified) for the appropriate period, according to
manufacturer's instructions. If the manufacturer recommends a range of mixing times, use the mid-point of the
range.
7 Test methods
7.1 Material consistency and freedom from contamination
7.1.1 Testing procedure
Examine the material, as received, visually without the aid of magnification. Use eyesight that has nominally
normal visual acuity. Corrective (non-magnifying) lenses may be worn.
7.1.2 Test report
Report whether the product meets, or does not meet, the requirement for material consistency and freedom
from contamination (5.2). If it does not meet this requirement, state the reason.
7.2 Fluidity
7.2.1 Apparatus
a) clean and dry cylindrical ring mould, having a length (50 ± 1) mm, an inside diameter of (35 ± 1) mm
and made from a corrosion-resistant, non-absorbent material;
b) flat square glass plate, with a glazed surface and measuring at least 150 mm x 150 mm;
c) dental vibrator;
d) scale or ruler, graduated in millimetres and at least 150 mm in length;
e) mould-release agent, such as silicone spray or silicone grease.

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7.2.2 Number of test-pieces
Make two test-pieces from two mixes of the material.
NOTE Three more test-pieces (from three mixes of the material) will be required if the result from one test-piece
meets the requirement specified in 5.3 and the other does not.
7.2.3 Testing procedure
Coat the inside of the ring mould with a thin layer of mould release agent.
Mix according to 6.3, using a mass of powder with the appropriate volume of liquid to produce a workable mix
that is sufficient to fill the mould. Centre the mould on the glass plate and place the plate on the dental vibrator
platform. Vibrate the mix into the mould until it is slightly overfilled. Vibrate for a further (20 ± 2) s. After this
time, do not vibrate. Level the mix flush with the top of the mould and remove the excess from the plate. (2,0 ±
0,1) min after the first contact between the powder and liquid, lift the mould vertically from the plate using a
smooth action over a period of 5 s to allow the column of mix to slump onto the plate. As soon as the material
has set, measure the largest and smallest diameters on the base of the set test-piece to an accuracy of 1 mm,
and record the average value as the first result.
Repeat the test and record the second result, being the average of the two measurements made on the
second test-piece.
7.2.4 Evaluation of results
If both results meet the requirement (5.3), the product complies.
If the result of one test meets this requirement and one fails to do so, repeat the test three more times.
If the results of all three of these additional tests meet the requirement (5.3) then the product complies.
Otherwise, it fails to comply.
7.2.5 Test report
Report:
a) the result for every test conducted in accordance with 7.2.3, including those for additional test-pieces (if
these were required) and the average value (to 1 mm) for the results of those test-pieces that comply with
the requirement (5.3);
b) the value for the fluidity given by the manufacturer according to 8.3.2 a);
c) a statement, that the product meets, or does not meet, the requirement for fluidity (5.3).
7.3 Initial setting time
7.3.1 Apparatus
a) needle penetrometer, an example of which is shown in Figure 1, meeting the following requirements:
1) penetrometer needle (1), (50 ± 1) mm long, of circular cross-section, with a diameter of (1,00 ± 0,05)
mm and a squared end;
2) rod (2), of approximate dimensions 270 mm long and 10 mm in diameter;
...

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