SIST-TP CEN/TR 16251:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16251:2016
01-april-2016
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Railway application - Environmental conditions - Design and test of rolling stock under
severe conditions
Bahnanwendungen - Umweltbedingungen - Konstruktion und Prüfung für Fahrzeugen für
strenge Bedingungen
Applications ferroviaires - Conditions d'environnement - Conception et essais pour
véhicules ferroviaires pour conditions rigoureuses
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16251:2016
ICS:
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16251:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16251:2016

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16251:2016


CEN/TR 16251
TECHNICAL REPORT

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

February 2016
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 45.060.01
English Version

Railway applications - Environmental conditions - Design
guidance for rolling stock
Applications ferroviaires - Conditions d'environnement Bahnanwendungen - Umweltbedingungen -
- Lignes directrices pour la conception du matériel Konstruktionsempfehlungen für Schienenfahrzeuge
roulant


This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 15 January 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 256.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16251:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Overview – List of covered topics . 8
5 Design guidance for vehicle . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Temperature related . 9
5.3 Snow and ice related . 9
5.3.1 Ice related . 9
5.3.2 Snow related . 9
5.3.3 Anti-icing and de-icing . 10
5.4 Humidity related . 10
5.4.1 General . 10
5.4.2 Test description . 11
5.4.3 Evaluation criteria . 11
5.5 Thermal insulation . 12
5.6 Mechanical fixations of inner structures to the car body, have to be thermally
interrupted by insulating spacers to avoid thermal bridges. Collision with animals . 12
5.7 Condensation . 12
5.7.1 General . 12
5.7.2 Recommendations . 13
5.7.3 Test description . 13
5.7.4 Evaluation criteria . 13
6 Design guidance for sub systems . 13
6.1 Snow plough . 13
6.1.1 General . 13
6.1.2 Design guidance . 13
6.1.3 Proposal for evaluation . 14
6.2 Bogie and running gear . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Winter conditions . 16
6.2.3 Summer conditions . 16
6.2.4 Design guidance . 16
6.3 Brake components integrated in bogie . 18
6.3.1 General . 18
6.3.2 Design guidance . 18
6.3.3 Proposal for evaluation . 19
6.4 Compressed air . 21
6.4.1 General . 21
6.4.2 Design guidance . 21
6.5 Sanding equipment . 21
6.5.1 General . 21
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6.5.2 Design guidance . 22
6.5.3 Proposal for evaluation . 22
6.6 Suspension level control system . 23
6.6.1 General . 23
6.6.2 Design guidance . 23
6.6.3 Proposal for evaluation . 23
6.7 Tilting system . 23
6.7.1 General . 23
6.7.2 Design guidance . 24
6.7.3 Proposal for evaluation . 24
6.8 Flange lubrication system . 24
6.8.1 General . 24
6.8.2 Design guidance . 25
6.9 Windscreen . 25
6.9.1 General . 25
6.9.2 Design guidance . 25
6.9.3 Proposal for evaluation . 25
6.10 Side mirrors/cameras . 27
6.10.1 General . 27
6.10.2 Design guidance . 27
6.10.3 Proposal for evaluation . 27
6.11 Lights . 28
6.11.1 General . 28
6.11.2 Design guidance . 28
6.11.3 Proposal for evaluation . 28
6.12 Horns . 29
6.12.1 General . 29
6.12.2 Design guidance . 29
6.13 Doors . 30
6.13.1 General . 30
6.13.2 Design guidance . 30
6.13.3 Proposal for evaluation . 30
6.14 Moveable steps . 31
6.14.1 General . 31
6.14.2 Design guidance . 31
6.14.3 Proposal for evaluation . 31
6.15 Pantograph . 32
6.15.1 General . 32
6.15.2 Design guidance . 32
6.15.3 Proposal for evaluation . 33
6.16 Automatic couplers . 33
6.16.1 General . 33
6.16.2 Design guidance . 34
6.16.3 Proposal for evaluation . 34
6.17 Cooling systems . 35
6.17.1 General . 35
6.17.2 Design guidance . 35
6.17.3 Proposal for evaluation . 35
6.18 Traction . 36
6.18.1 General . 36
6.18.2 Design guidance . 36
6.19 Battery . 37
6.19.1 General . 37
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6.19.2 Design guidance . 37
6.20 Toilet and water systems . 38
6.20.1 General . 38
6.20.2 Design guidance . 38
6.20.3 Proposal for evaluation . 38
6.21 External cabinets, boxes for equipment, cables and connectors . 40
6.21.1 General . 40
6.21.2 Design guidance . 40
6.21.3 Proposal for evaluation . 40
Annex A (informative) Examples of protection for electrical and pneumatic connections . 41
Annex B (informative) Examples for snow ploughs . 43
Bibliography . 45

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European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16251:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
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Introduction
In this Technical Report, environmental conditions are related to climate and big animals. Separately
and in combination environmental conditions can represent considerable challenges to the railway
sector as availability, economy, reputation and safety can be severely affected. Both severe summer and
winter conditions occur, and more intense weather is predicted for the future.
The intention of this Technical Report is to help reduce technical risks related to environmental
conditions.
All tests of the different clauses in this Technical Report can be performed either in a climate chamber
or on track, if the corresponding test conditions are given.
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidance for designing rolling stock for its specified ranges of
environmental conditions according to EN 50125-1. This guidance covers environmental conditions in
Europe.
The relevant clauses for the particular vehicle should be chosen and described in the vehicle
specification. Depending on the ranges selected, design and/or testing provisions described in this
Technical Report should be taken into account. This Technical Report is a collection of existing test
descriptions and design guidance based on long lasting experience of operators, test centres and
industry.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 50125-1, Railway applications — Environmental conditions for equipment — Part 1: Equipment on
board rolling stock
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
environmental conditions
physical, chemical or biological conditions external to a product to which it is subject at a certain time
[SOURCE: EN 50125-1]
3.2
winter conditions
conditions with temperatures below freezing point of water, where snow and ice can accumulate on the
vehicle
3.3
summer conditions
conditions with temperatures above 35 °C in addition to intensive solar radiation and hot ballast effect
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3.4
ice
is considered as glaze ice or clear ice
Note 1 to entry: It tends to accumulate rapidly and is very hard and therefore more difficult to remove. Such ice
forms when large drops of water strike and spread over a surface whose temperature is below the freezing point.
Mechanical components and the windscreen are elements typically tested with ice. For the test, a certain thickness
of the ice layer is defined.
3.5
dry snow
form of precipitation where tiny ice crystals bond together into flakes, which have little to no liquid
water content and a particle size of about 20 µm MVD (Median Volumetric Diameter)
3 3
Note 1 to entry: The density of this snow is about 200 kg/m and can go up to 350 kg/m if wind pressed.
3
Note 2 to entry: The snow intensity in kg/m is defined.
3.6
wet snow
form of precipitation where tiny ice crystals bond together into flakes, which have a high liquid content
and a particle size of 50 µm or more
3 3
Note 1 to entry: The density of this snow is about 350 kg/m to 500 kg/m .
3
Note 2 to entry: The snow intensity in kg/m is defined.
3.7
rain
precipitation in the form of water drops; both the amount that falls and the actual falling action of the
water drops are often called rainfall
Note 1 to entry: Rain intensity is measured in mm/min.
Note 2 to entry: This standard does not scope with tests concerning water tightness of the vehicle and
components.
3.8
condensation
precipitation of water vapour on a surface when the surface temperature is lower than the dew point
temperature of the ambient air whereby water is transformed from vapour to the liquid state of
aggregation
3.9
temperature class
classification system defined in EN 50125-1
3.10
hot ballast effect
heat accumulation of the ballast caused by solar radiation
Note 1 to entry: Heat accumulation of the ballast is caused not only by solar radiation but also by exhausts from
cooling systems, braking resistors or similar devices and subsystems along the train.
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4 Overview – List of covered topics
The following Table 1 is an overview of the covered topics of this document and helps to identify the
relevant clause for the user.
Table 1 — System overview
System/ Clause/ Ice Dry Wet Rain Humidity High Low
component Sub- snow snow temperature temperature
clause
Design guidance for 5 X X X X X X X
vehicle
Sub systems
Snow plough 6.1  X X
Bogie and running 6.2 X X X X X X X
gear
Brakes 6.3 X X X   X X
Compressed air 6.4     X X X
Sanding equipment 6.5 X X X X X  X
Suspension level 6.6 X X X
control system
Tilting system 6.7 X X X    X
Flange lubrication 6.8      X X
system
Windscreen 6.9 X  X X X  X
Side 6.10 X    X  X
mirrors/cameras
Lights 6.11 X  X    X
Horns 6.12 X X X    X
Doors 6.13 X X X X X  X
Moveable steps 6.14 X X X X X  X
Pantograph 6.15 X  X    X
Automatic couplers 6.16 X X X    X
Cooling systems 6.17  X X  X  X
Traction 6.18      X
Battery 6.19       X
Toilet and water 6.20       X
systems
External cabinets, 6.21 X X X X X
boxes for
equipment, cables
and connectors
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5 Design guidance for vehicle
5.1 General
This clause includes vehicle design guidance related to environmental conditions.
The environmental conditions in Table 2 are covered.
Table 2 — Design guidance for vehicle
Ice Dry snow Wet snow Rain Humidity High Low
temperature temperature
X X X X X X X
5.2 Temperature related
When choosing materials and their combinations, thermal expansion characteristics should be
considered, e.g. aluminium car bodies have approximately 3 times the thermal expansion compared to
steel bodies.
Bending and/or tension caused due to thermal expansion differences can be avoided by e.g. arranging
gaps between interior panels and at the ends of floor elements which take care of the expansion
movement. Material used for components for underframe and bogie should withstand temperatures
higher than the upper extreme temperatures which are caused by e.g. hot ballast.
Materials used for components outside of the vehicle body and bogies can be exposed to temperatures
lower than the lowest and higher than the highest specified extreme temperatures (see EN 50125-1).
5.3 Snow and ice related
5.3.1 Ice related
The vehicle should be designed to avoid damage to. E.g. side walls, underframe equipment, cables,
hoses, windows and doors from:
— ice falling down from accumulations in underframe and running gear;
— ballast stones lifted by the ice falling down from underframe and running gear;
— ice lumps from the snow plough thrown into, for instance cutting walls reflected back to the train;
— ice build-ups falling from tunnel roofs and walls;
— ice lumps lifted by the air turbulence generated by the movement of the train.
5.3.2 Snow related
Bogies, coupler and its ancillaries, roof, cab and underframe are areas, which are exposed to snow
accumulation. As measurement of thickness or weight of snow and ice layers is difficult to perform in
service to get limit values, design should be chosen in such a way that accumulation is minimised and
preferably avoided.
This can be achieved by protection or enclosure of components, geometric shape or choice of materials,
which have reduced adhesion.
In the absence of project specific requirements for the accumulation of snow and ice, the following
additional mass to be considered.
— 0,5 t to 1,5 t per bogie;
NOTE The weight is based on experiences made in Sweden.
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5.3.3 Anti-icing and de-icing
At winter conditions with snow on the line and/or in the air and the temperature in the range of
approximately −10 °C or lower, snow will accumulate primarily in the running gear and at underframe
components. This will reduce the possibility to inspect the condition of safety and operational critical
parts/components. Build-up of snow and ice also will reduce the possibility for free movements of
parts/components in the running gear and brake system, hence causing reduced running comfort and
probability for r
...