Plain bearings -- Quality assurance of thin- walled half bearings -- Design FMEA

Paliers lisses -- Assurance qualité des demi-coussinets minces -- AMDE à la conception

Drsni ležaji - Zagotavljanje kakovosti tankostenih ležajnih blazinic - Konstrukcije FMEA

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
28-Feb-2002
Withdrawal Date
09-Mar-2020
Technical Committee
Current Stage
9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
Start Date
10-Mar-2020
Due Date
02-Apr-2020
Completion Date
10-Mar-2020

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12132
First edition
1999-10-01
Plain bearings — Quality assurance
of thin-walled half bearings — Design FMEA
Paliers lisses — Assurance qualité des demi-coussinets minces —
AMDE à la conception
A
Reference number
ISO 12132:1999(E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 12132:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 12132 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings,
Subcommittee SC 5, Quality analysis and assurance.
©  ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO
ISO 12132:1999(E)
Introduction
FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is a form of analytical method that helps to define potential defects of the
designed products and to eliminate these defects at the stage of designing.
FMEA is based on combining the experience gained in practice in designing and operation of plain bearings with the
theory of probability.
FMEA increases reliability and quality of the product in question and that of its technology and also reduces the
expenses for testing the product and for improving the technological process.
Systems for the implementation of a Design FMEA are well documented elsewhere and are outside the scope of
this International Standard. These systems aid in the analysis of complex designs, both existing and projected.
iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  © ISO ISO 12132:1999(E)
Plain bearings — Quality assurance of thin-walled half
bearings — Design FMEA
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidelines for the preparation of a Design FMEA for thin-walled half bearings
used in internal combustion engines (the Process FMEA should be the responsibility of the supplier). It lists the
common potential failure mode(s), potential effect(s) and potential cause(s) of failure.
The numerical evaluation of risks in terms of occurence, severity and detection can be specific to each application,
manufacturer and customer.
Since they have to be assessed in each case the numerical data are not included in this International Standard.
General guidance on statistical assessment can be obtained from the references.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 7146:1993, Plain bearings — Terms, characteristics and causes of damage and changes in appearance.
IEC 60812:1985, Analysis techniques for system reliability — Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis
(FMEA).
1

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 12132:1999(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard the terms and definitions in IEC 60812 and the following apply.
3.1
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is a method of reliability analysis intended to identify failures which have
significant consequences affecting the system performance in the application considered
3.2
Design FMEA
FMEA carried out by designers when developing the product
3.3
failure mode
effect by which a failure is observed in the bearing
3.4
failure effect
consequence of a failure mode on engine
3.5
failure cause
deficiency or defect which causes a failure mode
4 Common potential failure modes, effects and causes for half bearing shells
The connecting rod and main half bearing shells of an internal combustion engine are only one part of an integrated
system involving the lubricating oil, the lubrication system, the crankshaft, the engine block, the connecting rods and
the half bearing shells themselves. Even the cylinder head material, bolt tightening and cylinder head gasket
material have been known to influence bearing performance. Hence any consideration of internal combustion
engine bearing design shall include all elements of the system not just the half bearing shells.
Table 1 gives a list of common potential bearing failure modes and the effects of bearing failure together with
possible causes of failure. It is rare for failures to be encountered uniquely but rather they are found in combination
such that the actual initial failure mode, and hence the causes, may be difficult to determine. Failure modes of the
other bearing system components are not included.
2

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 12132:1999(E)
Table 1 — Potential Failure Modes of half bearings and their effects and causes
No. Potential failure mode Potential cause of failure
Potential effects of
failure
bearing-related system-related
1 Fatigue Reduced bearing Insufficient bearing Incorrect specification of
durability and/or bearing diameter; cylinder pressures firing
(see 2.4 of ISO 7146:1993)
seizure; load;
Insufficient bearing
Contamination of oil by length; Oil pump capacity
fatigue debris; calculation;
Incorrect material
Engine inoperative. selection (fatigue Insufficient effective
resistance); journal length;
Localized overloading Poor journal geometry
due to presence and (ovality, axial form,
location of bearing lobing);
features (holes, grooves,
Poor housing geometry
etc.);
(ovality, lobing);
Excessive bearing
Insufficient housing
material thickness;
dynamic stiffness
Excessive overlay (circumferential, radial
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 12132:2002
01-marec-2002
Drsni ležaji - Zagotavljanje kakovosti tankostenih ležajnih blazinic - Konstrukcije
FMEA
Plain bearings -- Quality assurance of thin- walled half bearings -- Design FMEA
Paliers lisses -- Assurance qualité des demi-coussinets minces -- AMDE à la conception
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12132:1999
ICS:
21.100.10 Drsni ležaji Plain bearings
SIST ISO 12132:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12132
First edition
1999-10-01
Plain bearings — Quality assurance
of thin-walled half bearings — Design FMEA
Paliers lisses — Assurance qualité des demi-coussinets minces —
AMDE à la conception
A
Reference number
ISO 12132:1999(E)

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002
ISO 12132:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 12132 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings,
Subcommittee SC 5, Quality analysis and assurance.
©  ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002
©
ISO
ISO 12132:1999(E)
Introduction
FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is a form of analytical method that helps to define potential defects of the
designed products and to eliminate these defects at the stage of designing.
FMEA is based on combining the experience gained in practice in designing and operation of plain bearings with the
theory of probability.
FMEA increases reliability and quality of the product in question and that of its technology and also reduces the
expenses for testing the product and for improving the technological process.
Systems for the implementation of a Design FMEA are well documented elsewhere and are outside the scope of
this International Standard. These systems aid in the analysis of complex designs, both existing and projected.
iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  © ISO ISO 12132:1999(E)
Plain bearings — Quality assurance of thin-walled half
bearings — Design FMEA
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidelines for the preparation of a Design FMEA for thin-walled half bearings
used in internal combustion engines (the Process FMEA should be the responsibility of the supplier). It lists the
common potential failure mode(s), potential effect(s) and potential cause(s) of failure.
The numerical evaluation of risks in terms of occurence, severity and detection can be specific to each application,
manufacturer and customer.
Since they have to be assessed in each case the numerical data are not included in this International Standard.
General guidance on statistical assessment can be obtained from the references.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 7146:1993, Plain bearings — Terms, characteristics and causes of damage and changes in appearance.
IEC 60812:1985, Analysis techniques for system reliability — Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis
(FMEA).
1

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002
© ISO
ISO 12132:1999(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard the terms and definitions in IEC 60812 and the following apply.
3.1
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is a method of reliability analysis intended to identify failures which have
significant consequences affecting the system performance in the application considered
3.2
Design FMEA
FMEA carried out by designers when developing the product
3.3
failure mode
effect by which a failure is observed in the bearing
3.4
failure effect
consequence of a failure mode on engine
3.5
failure cause
deficiency or defect which causes a failure mode
4 Common potential failure modes, effects and causes for half bearing shells
The connecting rod and main half bearing shells of an internal combustion engine are only one part of an integrated
system involving the lubricating oil, the lubrication system, the crankshaft, the engine block, the connecting rods and
the half bearing shells themselves. Even the cylinder head material, bolt tightening and cylinder head gasket
material have been known to influence bearing performance. Hence any consideration of internal combustion
engine bearing design shall include all elements of the system not just the half bearing shells.
Table 1 gives a list of common potential bearing failure modes and the effects of bearing failure together with
possible causes of failure. It is rare for failures to be encountered uniquely but rather they are found in combination
such that the actual initial failure mode, and hence the causes, may be difficult to determine. Failure modes of the
other bearing system components are not included.
2

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST ISO 12132:2002
© ISO
ISO 12132:1999(E)
Table 1 — Potential Failure Modes of half bearings and their effects and causes
No. Potential failure mode Potential cause of failure
Potential effects of
failure
bearing-related system-related
1 Fatigue Reduced bearing Insufficient bearing Incorrect specification of
durability and/or bearing diameter; cylinder pressures firing
(see 2.4 of ISO 7146:1993)
seizure; load;
Insufficient bearing
Contamination of oil by length; Oil pu
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 12132
Première édition
1999-10-01
Paliers lisses — Assurance qualité
des demi-coussinets minces — AMDE
à la conception
Plain bearings — Quality assurance of thin-walled half bearings —
Design FMEA
A
Numéro de référence
ISO 12132:1999(F)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 12132:1999(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en
liaison avec l'ISO, participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 3.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour
vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités
membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 12132 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 123, Paliers lisses, sous-comité
SC 5, Analyse et assurance de la qualité.
©  ISO 1999
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque
forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet iso@iso.ch
Imprimé en Suisse
ii

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO
ISO 12132:1999(F)
Introduction
AMDE (Analyse des Modes de Défaillance et de leurs Effets) est une forme de méthode analytique qui aide à définir
les défauts potentiels des produits conçus, et à éliminer ces défauts au stade de la conception.
Le système de l'AMDE est basé sur la combinaison de l'expérience pratique acquise en matière de conception et
d'utilisation des paliers lisses et de la théorie de la probabilité.
L'AMDE augmente la fiabilité et la qualité du produit concerné et de sa technologie, et réduit les dépenses
consacrées aux essais du produit et à l'amélioration du procédé technologique.
Les systèmes permettant la mise en application d'une AMDE à la conception sont bien documentés dans d'autres
ouvrages et ne sont pas compris dans le domaine d'application de la présente Norme internationale. Ces systèmes
facilitent l'analyse de conceptions complexes, qu'elles existent déjà ou qu'elles soient à l'étude.
iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE  © ISO ISO 12132:1999(F)
Paliers lisses — Assurance qualité des demi-coussinets
minces — AMDE à la conception
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale donne des lignes directrices pour la préparation d'une AMDE (Analyse des
Modes de Défaillance et de leurs Effets) à la conception des demi-coussinets minces utilisés dans les moteurs à
combustion interne (il convient que le processus de l'AMDE soit placé sous la responsabilité du fournisseur). La
présente Norme internationale énumère le(s) mode(s) de défaillance, l’(les) effet(s) potentiel(s) et la(les) cause(s)
potentielle(s) de défaillance.
L'évaluation numérique des risques en termes d'occurrence, de sévérité et de détection peut être spécifique à
chaque application, fabricant ou client.
Comme elles doivent être évaluées au cas par cas, les données numériques ne sont pas comprises dans la
présente Norme internationale. Des lignes directrices générales sur l'évaluation statistique peuvent être obtenues à
partir des références ci-après.
2 Références normatives
Les documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui y est faite,
constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Pour les références datées, les
amendements ultérieurs ou les révisions de ces publications ne s'appliquent pas. Toutefois, les parties prenantes
aux accords fondés sur la présente Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d’appliquer les
éditions les plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Pour les références non datées, la dernière
édition du document normatif en référence s'applique. Les membres de l’ISO et de la CEI possèdent le registre des
Normes internationales en vigueur.
ISO 7146:1993, Paliers lisses — Termes, caractéristiques et causes de détérioration et de changement d'aspect.
CEI 60812:1985, Techniques d'analyse de la fiabilité des systèmes — Procédure d'analyse des modes de
défaillance et de leurs effets (AMDE).
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins de la présente Norme internationale les termes et définitions donnés dans la CEI 60812 et les
suivants s’appliquent.
3.1
AMDE
méthode d'analyse de la fiabilité destinée à identifier les défaillances ayant des conséquences significatives qui
affectent la performance du système dans l'application considérée
3.2
AMDE à la conception
AMDE réalisée par les concepteurs lors du développement du produit
1

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 12132:1999(F)
3.3
mode de défaillance
effet par lequel une défaillance est observée dans le palier
3.4
effet de la défaillance
conséquence d'un mode de défaillance sur le moteur
3.5
cause de défaillance
panne ou défaut entraînant un mode de défaillance
4 Modes, causes et effets potentiels courants de défaillance des enveloppes des demi-
coussinets
La bielle et les enveloppes principales des demi-coussinets d'un moteur à combustion interne ne sont qu'une partie
d'un système intégré comprenant l'huile de lubrification, le système de lubrification, le vilebrequin, le bloc moteur,
les bielles et les enveloppes des demi-coussinets elles-mêmes. Le matériau de la culasse, le serrement des
boulons et le matériau du joint d'étanchéité de la culasse sont également connus pour influencer les performances
du palier. Ainsi, toute conception d'un palier pour moteur à combustion interne doit prendre en compte tous les
éléments du système et pas uniquement les enveloppes des demi-coussinets.
Le Tableau 1 donne une liste des modes et des effets potentiels courants de défaillance d'un palier et des causes
éventuelles de défaillance. Les défaillances se produisent rarement seules mais plutôt en combinaison. Le mode de
défaillance initial réel, et donc les causes, peut ainsi être difficile à déterminer. Les modes de défaillance des autres
éléments du système de palier ne sont pas compris.
2

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 12132:1999(F)
Tableau 1 — Modes de défaillance potentiels des demi-coussinets, avec leurs effets et leurs causes
Mode de défaillance Effets potentiels de la
N° Cause potentielle de la défaillance
potentiel défaillance
liée au palier liée au système
1 Fatigue Durabilité réduite du palier Diamètre de palier Spécification incorrecte des
(voir 2.4 de et/ou grippage du palier; insuffisant; pressions du cylindre, de la
l'ISO 7146:1993) capacité de marche;
Contamination de l'huile Longueur de palier
par des débris de fatigue; insuffisante; Calculs de la capacité de la
pompe à huile;
Moteur rendu inopérant. Choix d'un matériau non
approprié (résistance à la Longueur efficace du
fatigue); tourillon insuffisante;
Surcharge localisée due à Mauvaise géométrie du
la présence et à tourillon (ovalité, forme
l'emplacement des arrivées axiale, lobes);
d’alimentation du palier
Mauvaise géométrie du
(trous, rainures, etc.);
logement (ovalité, lobes);
Épaisseur excessive du
Rigidité dynamique du
matériau du palier;
logement insuffisante
Épaisseur excessive du (circonférentielle, radiale ou
recouvrement; axiale);
Zones du palier non Température de l'huile trop
soutenues. élevée et/ou
refroidissement de l'huile
insuffisant.
2 Usure accélérée Durabilité réduite du palier Longueur de palier Choix d'un mauvais
(épaisseur et/ou grippage du palier; insu
...

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