Road marking materials - Conditions for removing/masking road markings

This document provides guidance for removal or/and masking existing road markings. It includes methods of removal and criteria for selecting the removal method, as well as the requirements for the masking materials and the performance requirements of the resulting surface.
It does not apply to removable temporary road markings, which shall be removed in accordance to the manufacturer instructions.
Some recommendations are given for removing and masking road studs, removing wet paints, removing curing membranes in new cement concrete pavements and cleaning existing road markings.

Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Bedingungen für das Entfernen/Abdecken von Strassenmarkierungen

Produits de marquage routier - Conditions pour le retrait/masquage des marquages routiers

Materiali za označevanje vozišča - Pogoji za odstranjevanje/prekrivanje označb vozišča

Ta dokument podaja smernice za odstranjevanje in/ali prekrivanje obstoječih označb vozišča. Vključuje načine za odstranjevanje in merila za izbiro načinov za odstranjevanje ter zahteve za materiale za prekrivanje in zahtevane lastnosti nastalih površin.
Ne uporablja se za odstranljive začasne označbe vozišča, ki jih je treba odstraniti v skladu z navodili proizvajalca.
Podanih je nekaj priporočil za odstranjevanje in prekrivanje odsevnikov, odstranjevanje mokrih barv, odstranjevanje strjevalnih membran iz novih betonskih površin in čiščenje obstoječih označb vozišča.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
09-Feb-2016
Publication Date
18-Jan-2018
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
19-Dec-2017
Due Date
23-Feb-2018
Completion Date
19-Jan-2018

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
01-februar-2018
0DWHULDOL]DR]QDþHYDQMHYR]LãþD3RJRML]DRGVWUDQMHYDQMHSUHNULYDQMHR]QDþE
YR]LãþD
Road marking materials - Conditions for removing/masking road markings
Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Bedingungen für das Entfernen/Abdecken von
Strassenmarkierungen
Produits de marquage routier - Conditions pour le retrait/masquage des marquages
routiers
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16958:2017
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018


CEN/TR 16958
TECHNICAL REPORT

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

December 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 93.080.20
English Version

Road marking materials - Conditions for
removing/masking road markings
Produits de marquage routier - Conditions pour le Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Bedingungen für das
retrait/masquage des marquages routiers Entfernen/Abdecken von Strassenmarkierungen


This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 14 March 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 226.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16958:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Criteria for selecting removal or/and masking procedure . 4
5 Removal methods and masking materials . 6
5.1 Removal methods . 6
5.2 Masking materials . 7
6 Performance requirements . 8
6.1 Removal works. 8
6.1.1 General . 8
6.1.2 Test methods . 8
6.1.3 Table of performance requirements . 9
6.1.4 Environmental prescriptions . 10
6.2 Masking . 10
6.2.1 General . 10
6.2.2 Test methods . 11
6.2.3 For visual aspects . 11
6.2.4 For changes on surface properties . 11
6.2.5 Requirements . 11
7 Other works. 11
7.1 Removal and masking road studs . 11
7.2 Wet paint markings . 11
7.3 Cleaning/renovation of line markings . 12
7.4 Removal of concrete curing membranes . 12
Annex A (informative) Methods for removing road markings . 13
A.1 General . 13
A.2 Removal through clean water. 13
A.3 Removal through metallic technologies . 15
A.4 Others . 19
A.5 Execution of work . 19
Annex B (informative) Photographic references . 20
Annex C (informative) Assessing the damage to the pavement after the removal of road
markings. 21
C.1 Introduction . 21
C.2 Raveling . 21
C.3 Grooving . 23
Bibliography . 25
2

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16958:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 “Road
equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
There are many situations in which road marking removing or masking become necessary. This
document is intended to give some guidance about how to proceed in these cases.
This Technical Report (TR) describes a number of methods for removal and masking and gives guidance
for the appropriate selection. Not all methods are valid or recommended in all cases; some methods are
limited by the kind and nature of existing road marking and the pavement surface. Also the cost of the
operation is depending on the amount of marking to be removed.
In some countries these operations are regulated, in particular in some countries masking the existing
road marking only with black paint is forbidden.
The quality of the removal or masking or any combination of them, may be not enough or result in a
new “phantom line”, which, under particular illumination conditions, may be more visible than the real
road markings (introducing confusion) or may change the surface texture (introducing hazard). Works
shall be done in such a way that the risk for confusion or hazard for drivers be minimized.
Furthermore, recommendations are given for some frequent works such as: removing and masking
road studs, removing wet paints, removing curing membranes in new cement concrete pavements and
cleaning existing road markings.
3

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This document provides guidance for removal or/and masking existing road markings. It includes
methods of removal and criteria for selecting the removal method, as well as the requirements for the
masking materials and the performance requirements of the resulting surface.
It does not apply to removable temporary road markings, which shall be removed in accordance to the
manufacturer instructions.
Some recommendations are given for removing and masking road studs, removing wet paints,
removing curing membranes in new cement concrete pavements and cleaning existing road markings.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1436, Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users
EN 1824, Road marking materials - Road trials
EN 13197, Road marking materials — Wear simulator Turntable
EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85° (ISO 2813)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
removal
permanent elimination of road markings, that may be partial or complete
3.2
masking
temporary hiding of existing road marking using a topcoat of a material similar in color, luminance and
specular gloss, to the pavement surface
3.3
phantom line
shadow line
road marking or print resulting from removal or masking process
3.4
specular gloss
ratio of the luminous flux reflected from an object in the specular direction for a specified source and
receptor angle to the luminous flux reflected from a glass with a refractive index of 1,567 in the specular
direction
4 Criteria for selecting removal or/and masking procedure
There are situations in which existing road marking shall be obliterated so as to not function as a
recognizable road marking (phantom line). In order to do it, Removal or Masking techniques may be
used. Removal may be done totally or partially and masking may be done as the unique procedure or
4

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
after a partial removal. In order to take the good decision it is also important to know if the obliterated
road marking shall be renewed or not and if the surface will be repaved or not. Table 1 gives a guidance
to apply these criteria.
Table 1 — Guidance for removal/masking procedures in different situations
Removal/masking criteria
Situations for removal or masking
Removal Masking
After
Road
Totally Partially Only partial
marking
Work needed
removal
renewal is
foreseen?
1 2 3 4
Only in Only in
Permanent change on the
NOT A YES some NO some
road marking lay out
cases cases
Preparation of the
YES B YES YES NO NO
substrate
Hiding road marking on YES with
YES or NOT C YES YES YES
temporary basis masking
When a road marking has to be applied and removed after a short period of time, (for instance less than
6 months) removable temporary materials, in accordance to EN 1824, shall be used.
Removal of such removable temporary materials shall be done in accordance to the manufacturer
instructions.
For each case, some criteria are given in the following:
A.1 When permanent changes in road markings lay out occurs (as for instance. new
exits/entrances from main road, exchange from continuous line to interrupted line,
direction of arrows, etc); unwanted road markings should be totally removed.
A.2 When the existing road marking has poor adhesion or is covering less than 70 % of
the marked area; partial removal can be accepted. The removal processing shall not
adversely damage the pavement surface. There are limits (see Clause 6.1.2) for
changes in surface texture and grooving and for the residual road markings. If
damage to the pavement exceeds the limits, then for a complete obliteration of the
road marking, a complementary masking with a blend of bitumen and fine aggregate
may be used to minimize the difference in level and appearance.
A.3 When permanent changes in road marking occur; unwanted road marking shall
never be obliterated by masking.
A.4 Same comments as in A.2.
B.1 Existing road markings (formed for one or several layers) that have lost adhesion to
the pavement or inter- layers (more than 30 % of the marked area is affected) shall
be totally removed before renewal.
5

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
B.2 Existing multilayer road markings not fulfilling with the essential requirements
(EN 1436) may be renewed with a new layer whenever the resulting thickness of
the whole multilayer system does not exceed 6 000 microns. If this thickness is
exceeded they shall be partially removed. The resulting surface shall be compatible
(chemically) with the new material; otherwise the existing road marking should be
totally removed or treated with a primer.
 Existing structured road markings which have to be renewed with another
structured pattern shall be fully or partially removed. The thickness extent will
depend on the patterns of the existing and the renewed structure.
B.3 Masking is not accepted for preparing surfaces before renewal. Primers may be used
in order to improve the adhesion and compatibility conditions of the existing
substrate with the new material, but it cannot be considered a masking material.
B.4 Partial removal followed of a masking is not a recommended procedure for
preparing substrate for road marking renewal, with the exception mentioned in B.3
in the case of the application of a primer could be considered convenient.
C.1 In case of temporary hiding without subsequent renewal (because of changes in the
lay out) and without repaving; a total removal should be done.
C.2 In case of temporary hiding with subsequent renewal: Total removal is
recommended but partial removal may be used in combination with masking.
Removal is necessary when the existing road marking is a structured road marking
Comments given in A.2 are applicable.
C.3 In case of temporary hiding with subsequent renewal or repaving: When the
thickness of the existing road marking is lower than 3 000 microns and the number
of layers less than 3, just masking may be used.
C.4 In case of temporary hiding with subsequent renewal: When the thickness is higher
than 3 000 microns or there are more than 3 layers; totally removal is
recommended but partial removal and masking may be allowed.
5 Removal methods and masking materials
5.1 Removal methods
The selection of the most efficient method to remove road markings depends on the type of road
marking material and on the type of pavement surface. Table 2 gives a list with the most common types
of removal methods. A more detailed description of each of the removal methods listed in Table 2 may
be found in Annex A.
The selection shall take into account if the removal has to be done totally or partially and in which
extent. The selection will take also into account thickness of the existing road marking and the nature
and texture of the pavement surface.
The complete removal (with not more than a 5 % of old marking particles remaining) means also
removal of material in between the aggregates at the surface. The more important issue is the grade of
aggregate (stone) loss – or “surface grooving” upon marking removed from asphalt surfaces.
Removal road marking formed by a multilayer system, thermoplastics and/or cold plastics will, in
consequence, require a more aggressive removal process than removal of an old, worn, paint. Moreover,
6

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
removal thermoplastic is recommended to be done at low temperatures (at cooler seasons and at night
better than during hot and sunny days).
Table 2 — List of removal methods all types of pavement and all types of road marking materials



  Removal methods
  1 PeelJetting
  2 Waterblasting
  3 High Pressure Water
  4 Low Pressure Water
Shot peeling (steel
  5
ball)
  6 Rotating metallic disc
Grinding or
  7
Scrabbling
  8 Bush Hammer
  9 Sand Blasting
  10 Chemical marking
Synthetic media

  11
system
  12 Heat lance

It is obvious that an old (more worn) material, will give less impact than a new durable marking.
Furthermore, it is clear that a hard concrete surface is less depending on a gentle removal technology
than open porous asphalt.
Methods 6; 7; 8 are not recommended others than for partial removal, unless strong concrete surface or
sealing component.
5.2 Masking materials
Masking of existing road marking only may be used on temporary basis. Masking may be used as the
unique method but also after a partial removal.
For masking the unwanted road markings, coloured paints, thermoplastics, cold plastics and preformed
road markings may be used. These materials may be removable or non-removable.
Application instructions may include drop-on materials or the addition of some dye in order to adjust
the contrast (lower as possible) with the existing pavement and to avoid specular gloss. Suppliers are
required to provide comprehensive application instructions.
7

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 16958:2018
CEN/TR 16958:2017 (E)
Materials shall be tested on Road Trials (in accordance to EN 1824) or on Wear Simulator (in
accordance to EN 13197). The application shall be done onto a previous existing white road markings.
The requirements to be fulfilled by the masking products are:
— Luminance Factor (EN 1436): ≤ 0,06;
— specular gloss (EN ISO 2813) a 85°: ≤ 0,50;
— skid resistance (EN 1436) SRT units: ≥ 45 SRT units;
— durability (EN 1824 or EN 13197): ≥ P2.
6 Performance requirements
6.1 Removal works
6.1.1 General
The main target of the work is that the quality of the removal shall minimize the risk for confusion and
hazard for the drivers considering visual aspects and changes on surface properties.
Visual aspects: After removal the resulting phantom lines shall not be visible at night or day, so that
there will be some limits for:
— retroreflection and luminance;
— luminance contrast with the adjacent pavement surface (minimized “Phantom lines”);
— remaining road marking.
NOTE 1 Normally the luminance deviation will be automatically evened out; by the normal dirt pick up and
wearing from traffic. This will happen in a fairly short period of time (approximately 2 months depending on the
ADT). However – if the initial values from the luminance deviation (contrast) are unacceptable; the contrast can
be adjusted by a sprayable, coloured, bitumen.
NOTE 2 The use of aggressive (Metallic) removal technologies, may require to “seal” the surface with some
Sealing or masking material.
Changes on surface properties: There will be some limits for:
— changes in the surface texture;
— grooving.
NOTE 3 After removal there are two things that may change: texture and level compared with the adjacent
pavement. Texture may be measured with a simple test method (sand patch) by using the MTD (mean texture
depth) and expressed as (MTD – MTD ) = × mm (d damaged; u undamaged) or by a profilomet
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016
01-februar-2016
0DWHULDOL]DR]QDþHYDQMHYR]LãþD3RJRML]DRGVWUDQMHYDQMHSUHNULYDQMHR]QDþE
YR]LãþD
Road marking materials - Conditions for removing/masking road markings
Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Bedingungen für das Entfernen/Abdecken von
Strassenmarkierungen
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16958
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016


FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 16958
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHER BERICHT

November 2015
ICS 93.080.20
English Version

Road marking materials - Conditions for
removing/masking road markings
 Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Bedingungen für das
Entfernen/Abdecken von Strassenmarkierungen


This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the
Technical Committee CEN/TC 226.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16958:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016
FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Criteria for selecting removal or/and masking procedure . 5
5 Removal methods and masking materials . 6
5.1 Removal methods . 6
5.2 Masking materials . 7
6 Performance requirements . 8
6.1 Removal . 8
6.1.1 General . 8
6.1.2 Test methods . 8
6.1.3 Table of performance requirements . 9
6.1.4 Environmental prescriptions . 10
6.2 Masking . 10
6.2.1 Test methods . 10
6.2.2 For visual aspects . 10
6.2.3 For changes on surface properties . 10
6.2.4 Requirements . 10
7 Other works. 11
7.1 Removal and masking road studs . 11
7.2 Wet paint markings . 11
7.3 Cleaning/renovation of line markings . 11
7.4 Removal of concrete curing membranes . 11
Annex A (informative) Methods for removing road markings . 12
A.1 General . 12
A.2 Removal through clean water. 12
A.3 Removal through metallic technologies . 15
A.4 Others . 18
A.5 Execution of work . 19
Annex B (informative) Photographic references . 20
Annex C (informative) Assessing the damage to the pavement after the removal of road
markings. 21
C.1 Introduction . 21
C.2 Raveling . 21
C.3 Grooving . 23
Bibliography . 25

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016
FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 16958:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226
“Road equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the vote.
There are many situations in which road marking removing or masking become necessary. This
document is intended to give some guidance about how to proceed in these cases.
This Technical Report (TR) describes a number of methods for removal and masking and gives guidance
for the appropriate selection. Not all methods are valid or recommended in all cases; some methods are
limited by the kind and nature of existing road marking and the pavement surface. Also the cost of the
operation is depending on the amount of marking to be removed.
In some countries these operations are regulated, in particular in some countries masking the existing
road marking only with black paint is forbidden.
The quality of the removal or masking or any combination of them, may be not enough or result in a
new “phantom line”, which, under particular illumination conditions, may be more visible than the real
road markings (introducing confusion) or may change the surface texture (introducing hazard). Works
shall be done in such a way that the risk for confusion or hazard for drivers be minimized.
Furthermore, recommendations are given for some frequent works such as: removing and masking
road studs, removing wet paints, removing curing membranes in new cement concrete pavements and
cleaning existing road markings.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016
FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
1 Scope
This document provides guidance for removal or/and masking existing road markings. It includes
methods of removal and criteria for selecting the removal method, as well as the requirements for the
masking materials and the performance requirements of the resulting surface.
It does not apply to removable temporary road markings, which shall be removed in accordance to the
manufacturer instructions.
Some recommendations are given for removing and masking road studs, removing wet paints,
removing curing membranes in new cement concrete pavements and cleaning existing road markings.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1436, Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users
EN 1824, Road marking materials - Road trials
EN 13197, Road marking materials — Wear simulator Turntable
EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85° (ISO 2813)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
removal
permanent elimination of road markings, that may be partial or complete
3.2
masking
temporary hiding of existing road marking using a topcoat of a material similar in color, luminance and
specular gloss, to the pavement surface
3.3
phantom line
shadow line
road marking or print resulting from removal or masking process
3.4
specular gloss
ratio of the luminous flux reflected from an object in the specular direction for a specified source and
receptor angle to the luminous flux reflected from a glass with a refractive index of 1,567 in the specular
direction
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016
FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
4 Criteria for selecting removal or/and masking procedure
There are situations in which existing road marking shall be obliterated so as to not function as a
recognizable road marking (phantom line). In order to do it, Removal or Masking techniques may be
used. Removal may be done totally or partially and masking may be done as the unique procedure or
after a partial removal. In order to take the good decision it is also important to know if the obliterated
road marking shall be renewed or not and if the surface will be repaved or not. Table 1 gives a guidance
to apply these criteria.
Table 1 — Guidance for removal/masking procedures in different situations
Removal/masking criteria
Situations for removal or masking
Removal Masking
After
Road marking
Totally Partially Only partial
Work needed renewal is
removal
foreseen?
1 2 3 4
Only in
Permanent change on the Only in
NOT A YES NO some
road marking lay out some cases
cases
Preparation of the substrate YES B YES YES NO NO
Hiding road marking on YES with
YES or NOT C YES YES YES
temporary basis masking
When a road marking has to be applied and removed after a short period of time, (for instance less than
6 months) removable temporary materials, in accordance to EN 1824, shall be used.
Removal of such removable temporary materials shall be done in accordance to the manufacturer
instructions.
For each case, some criteria are given in the following:
A.1 When permanent changes in road markings lay out occurs (as for instance. new
exits/entrances from main road, exchange from continuous line to interrupted line,
direction of arrows, etc); unwanted road markings should be totally removed.
A.2 When the existing road marking has poor adhesion or is covering less than 70 % of the
marked area; partial removal can be accepted. The removal processing shall not adversely
damage the pavement surface. There are limits (see Clause 6.1.2) for changes in surface
texture and grooving and for the residual road markings. If damage to the pavement
exceeds the limits, then for a complete obliteration of the road marking, a complementary
masking with a blend of bitumen and fine aggregate may be used to minimize the difference
in level and appearance.
A.3 When permanent changes in road marking occur; unwanted road marking shall never be
obliterated by masking.
A.4 Same comments as in A.2.
B.1 Existing road markings (formed for one or several layers) that have lost adhesion to the
pavement or inter- layers (more than 30 % of the marked area is affected) shall be totally
removed before renewal.
5

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16958:2016
FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
B.2 Existing multilayer road markings not fulfilling with the essential requirements (EN 1436)
may be renewed with a new layer whenever the resulting thickness of the whole multilayer
system does not exceed 6 000 microns. If this thickness is exceeded they shall be partially
removed. The resulting surface shall be compatible (chemically) with the new material;
otherwise the existing road marking should be totally removed or treated with a primer.
Existing structured road markings which have to be renewed with another structured
pattern shall be fully or partially removed. The thickness extent will depend on the patterns
of the existing and the renewed structure.
B.3 Masking is not accepted for preparing surfaces before renewal. Primers may be used in
order to improve the adhesion and compatibility conditions of the existing substrate with
the new material, but it cannot be considered a masking material.
B.4 Partial removal followed of a masking is not a recommended procedure for preparing
substrate for road marking renewal, with the exception mentioned in B.3 in the case of the
application of a primer could be considered convenient.
C.1 In case of temporary hiding without subsequent renewal (because of changes in the lay out)
and without repaving; a total removal should be done.
C.2 In case of temporary hiding with subsequent renewal: Total removal is recommended but
partial removal may be used in combination with masking. Removal is necessary when the
existing road marking is a structured road marking Comments given in A.2 are applicable.
C.3 In case of temporary hiding with subsequent renewal or repaving: When the thickness of
the existing road marking is lower than 3 000 microns and the number of layers less than 3,
just masking may be used.
C.4 In case of temporary hiding with subsequent renewal: When the thickness is higher than
3 000 microns or there are more than 3 layers; totally removal is recommended but partial
removal and masking may be allowed.
5 Removal methods and masking materials
5.1 Removal methods
The selection of the most efficient method to remove road markings depends on the type of road
marking material and on the type of pavement surface. Table 2 gives a list with the most common types
of removal methods. A more detailed description of each of the removal methods listed in Table 2 may
be found in Annex A.
The selection shall take into account if the removal has to be done totally or partially and in which
extent. The selection will take also into account thickness of the existing road marking and the nature
and texture of the pavement surface.
The complete removal (with not more than a 5 % of old marking particles remaining) means also
removal of material in between the aggregates at the surface. The more important issue is the grade of
aggregate (stone) loss – or “surface grooving” upon marking removed from asphalt surfaces.
Removal road marking formed by a multilayer system, thermoplastics and/or cold plastics will, in
consequence, require a more aggressive removal process than removal of an old, worn, paint. Moreover,
removal thermoplastic is recommended to be done at low temperatures (at cooler seasons and at night
better than during hot and sunny days).
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FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
Table 2 — List of removal methods all types of pavement and all types of road marking materials



  Removal methods
  1 PeelJetting
  2 Waterblasting
  3 High Pressure Water
  4 Low Pressure Water
  5 Shot peeling (steel ball)
  6 Rotating metallic disc
  7 Grinding or Scrabbling
  8 Bush Hammer
  9 Sand Blasting
  10 Chemical marking
  11 Synthetic media system
  12 Heat lance


It is obvious that an old (more worn) material, will give less impact than a new durable marking.
Furthermore, it is clear that a hard concrete surface is less depending on a gentle removal technology
than open porous asphalt.
*6; 7; 8 is not recommended others than for partial removal, unless strong concrete surface or sealing
component.
5.2 Masking materials
Masking of existing road marking only may be used on temporary basis. Masking may be used as the
unique method but also after a partial removal.
For masking the unwanted road markings, coloured paints, thermoplastics, cold plastics and preformed
road markings may be used. These materials may be removable or non-removable.
Application instructions may include drop-on materials or the addition of some dye in order to adjust
the contrast (lower as possible) with the existing pavement and to avoid specular gloss. Suppliers are
required to provide comprehensive application instructions.
Materials shall be tested on Road Trials (in accordance to EN 1824) or on Wear Simulator (in
accordance to EN 13197). The application shall be done onto a previous existing white road markings.
The requirements to be fulfilled by the masking products are:
— Luminance Factor (EN 1436): ≤ 0,06;
— specular gloss (EN ISO 2813) a 85°: ≤ 0,50;
— skid resistance (EN 1436) SRT units: ≥ 45 SRT units;
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FprCEN/TR 16958:2016 (E)
— durability (EN 1824 or EN 13197): ≥ P2.
6 Performance requirements
6.1 Removal
6.1.1 General
The main target of the work is that the quality of the removal shall minimize the risk for confusion and
hazard for the drivers considering visual aspects and changes on surface properties.
Visual aspects: After removal the resulting phantom lines shall not be visible at night or day, so that
there will be some limits for:
— retroreflection and luminance;
— luminance contrast with the adjacent pavement surface (minimized “Phantom lines”);
— remaining road marking.
NOTE 1 Normally the luminance deviation will be automatically evened out; by the normal dirt pick up and
wearing from traffic. This will happen in a fairly short period of time (approximately 2 months depending on the
ADT). However – if the initial values from the luminance deviation (contrast) are unacceptable; the contrast can
be adjusted by a sprayable, coloured, bitumen.
NOTE 2 The use of aggressive (Metallic) removal technologies, may require to “seal” the surface with some
Sealing or masking material.
Changes on surface properties: There will be some limits for:
— changes in the surface texture;
— grooving.
NOTE 3 After removal there are two things that may change: texture and level compared with the adjacent
pavement. Texture may be measured with a simple test method (sand patch) by using the MTD (mean texture
depth) and expressed as (MTD – MTD ) = × mm (d damaged; u undamaged) or by a profilometer by using the
d u
MPD (mean p
...

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