SIST EN 61512-1:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61512-1:2001
01-april-2001
Batch control - Part 1: Models and terminology
Batch control -- Part 1: Models and terminology
Chargenorientierte Fahrweise -- Teil 1: Modelle und Terminologie
Contrôle-commande des processus de fabrication par lots -- Partie 1: Modèles et
terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61512-1:1999
ICS:
01.040.25 Izdelavna tehnika (Slovarji) Manufacturing engineering
(Vocabularies)
25.040.40 Merjenje in krmiljenje Industrial process
industrijskih postopkov measurement and control
35.240.50 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in industry
industriji
SIST EN 61512-1:2001 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61512-1
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1997-08
Contrôle-commande des processus
de fabrication par lots –
Partie 1:
Modèles et terminologie
Batch control –
Part 1:
Models and terminology
 IEC 1997 Droits de reproduction réservés  Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
XC
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 9
INTRODUCTION . 11
Clause
1 Scope. 13
2 Normative references. 13
3 Definitions . 13
4 Batch processes and equipment . 23
4.1 Processes, batches and batch processes . 23
4.1.1 Continuous processes . 23
4.1.2 Discrete parts manufacturing processes . 23
4.1.3 Batch processes . 23
4.2 Physical model. 27
4.2.1 Enterprise level. 31
4.2.2 Site level . 31
4.2.3 Area level . 31
4.2.4 Process cell level . 31
4.2.5 Unit level. 33
4.2.6 Equipment module level . 33
4.2.7 Control module level . 33
4.3 Process cell classification. 35
4.3.1 Classification by number of products. 35
4.3.2 Classification by physical structure . 35
5 Batch control concepts. 39
5.1 Structure for batch control. 41
5.1.1 Basic control. 41
5.1.2 Procedural control. 41
5.1.3 Coordination control . 45
5.2 Equipment entities . 47
5.2.1 Procedural control model/physical model/process model relationship. 47
5.2.2 Equipment control in equipment entities. 47
5.2.3 Structuring of equipment entities. 55
5.3 Recipes. 57
5.3.1 Recipe types . 57
5.3.2 Recipe contents . 63
5.3.3 Control recipe procedure/equipment control relationship. 73
5.3.4 Recipe transportability. 89
5.4 Production plans and schedules. 91

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 5 –
Clause Page
5.5 Production information . 93
5.5.1 Batch-specific information . 93
5.5.2 Common (non-batch specific) batch information. 95
5.5.3 Batch history. 95
5.5.4 Batch reports. 95
5.6 Allocation and arbitration. 97
5.6.1 Allocation. 97
5.6.2 Arbitration. 99
5.7 Modes and states. 99
5.7.1 Modes. 99
5.7.2 States. 103
5.8 Exception handling. 109
6 Batch control activities and functions . 111
6.1 Management activities . 111
6.1.1 Control activity model . 111
6.1.2 Information handling . 115
6.1.3 Process and control engineering. 119
6.2 Recipe management. 121
6.2.1 Manage general recipes . 121
6.2.2 Define general recipe procedural elements. 123
6.2.3 Manage site recipes. 125
6.2.4 Manage master recipes. 125
6.2.5 Define master recipe procedural elements . 127
6.3 Production planning and scheduling . 129
6.4 Production information management. 129
6.4.1 Receiving and storing batch history information. 131
6.4.2 Manipulating historical data. 137
6.4.3 Producing batch reports. 137
6.5 Process management. 141
6.5.1 Manage batches . 143
6.5.2 Manage process cell resources. 147
6.5.3 Collect batch and process cell information. 149
6.6 Unit supervision . 149
6.6.1 Acquire and execute procedural elements . 151
6.6.2 Manage unit resources . 153
6.6.3 Collect batch and unit information . 153
6.7 Process control . 155
6.7.1 Execute equipment phases . 157
6.7.2 Execute basic control . 159
6.7.3 Collect data. 159
6.8 Personnel and environmental protection. 161

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 7 –
Figures Page
 1 Process model (entity-relationship diagram). 27
 2 Physical model . 29
 3 Single-path structure. 35
 4 Multiple-path structure. 37
 5 Network structure . 39
 6 Procedural control model. 43
 7 Procedural control/equipment mapping to achieve process functionality. 49
 8 Recipe types. 59
 9 General recipe procedure. 67
10 Master recipe procedure. 69
11 Procedural element relationships in the site recipe and master recipe . 71
12 Control recipe procedure/equipment control separation. 75
13 Control recipe procedure example with unit procedures, operations and phases . 79
14 Control recipe procedure example with unit procedures and operations. 81
15 Control recipe procedure example with unit procedures . 83
16 Control recipe procedure example with only a procedure . 85
17 Control recipe procedure/equipment control collapsibility examples. 89
18 State transition diagram for example states for procedural elements. 109
19 Management activity model . 113
20 Simultaneous definition/selection of procedural elements and equipment entities. 119
21 Recipe management . 123
22 Process management . 143
23 Unit supervision. 151
24 Process control . 157
Tables
1 Possible implementations of example modes. 101
2 State transition matrix for example states for procedural elements. 107
Annexes
A Model philosophy. 163
B Bibliography . 177

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_________
BATCH CONTROL −
Part 1: Models and terminology
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61512-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 65A: System aspects,
of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement and control.
IEC 61512 consists of the following parts, under the general title Batch control:
– Part 1: Models and terminology;
– Part 2: Data structures and guidelines for languages.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
65A/217/FDIS 65A/238/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.
Annex B is for information only.

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
The models and terminology defined in this part of IEC 61512
– emphasize good practices for the design and operation of batch manufacturing plants;
– can be used to improve control of batch manufacturing plants; and
– can be applied regardless of the degree of automation.
Specifically, this standard provides a standard terminology and a consistent set of concepts
and models for batch manufacturing plants and batch control that will improve communications
between all parties involved; and that will
– reduce the user's time to reach full production levels for new products;
– enable vendors to supply appropriate tools for implementing batch control;
– enable users to better identify their needs;
– make recipe development straightforward enough to be accomplished without the
services of a control systems engineer;
– reduce the cost of automating batch processes; and
– reduce life-cycle engineering efforts.
It is not the intent of this standard to
– suggest that there is only one way to implement or apply batch control;
– force users to abandon their current way of dealing with their batch processes; or
– restrict development in the area of batch control.
The models presented in this standard are presumed to be complete as indicated. However,
they may be collapsed and expanded as described below. The unit and the control module
levels may not be omitted from the physical model. The master recipe and the control recipe
may not be omitted from the recipe-type model. Specific rules for collapsing and expanding
these models are not covered in this standard.
– Collapsing: elements in the models may be omitted as long as the model remains
consistent, and the functions of the element removed are taken into account.
– Expanding: elements may be added to the modules. When they are added between
related elements, the integrity of the original relationship should be maintained.

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 13 –
BATCH CONTROL −−
Part 1: Models and terminology
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61512 on batch control defines reference models for batch control as used
in the process industries and terminology that helps explain the relationships between these
models and terms. This standard may not apply to all batch control applications.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 61512. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 61512 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of
IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60848: 1988, Preparation of function charts for control systems
NOTE – Structures defined in IEC 60848 may be useful in the definition of procedural control and, in particular,
in the definition of a phase.
IEC 60902: 1987, Industrial-process measurement and control – Terms and definitions
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 61512, the following definitions apply. Definitions found in
IEC 60902 were used as a basis for definitions in this part of IEC 61512. Where necessary,
the specific connotation of terms used in batch control was included.
3.1 allocation: A form of coordination control that assigns a resource to a batch or unit.
NOTE – An allocation can be for the entire resource or for portions of a resource.
3.2 arbitration: A form of coordination control that determines how a resource should be
allocated when there are more requests for the resource than can be accommodated at one
time.
3.3 area: A component of a batch manufacturing site that is identified by physical,
geographical, or logical segmentation within the site.
NOTE – An area may contain process cells, units, equipment modules, and control modules.
3.4 basic control: Control that is dedicated to establishing and maintaining a specific state
of equipment or process condition.
NOTE – Basic control may include regulatory control, interlocking, monitoring, exception handling, and discrete
or sequential control.

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 15 –
3.5 batch
(1) The material that is being produced or that has been produced by a single
execution of a batch process.
(2) An entity that represents the production of a material at any point in the
process.
NOTE – Batch means both the material made by and during the process and also an entity that represents the
production of that material. Batch is used as an abstract contraction of the words "the production of a batch."
3.6 batch control: Control activities and control functions that provide a means to process
finite quantities of input materials by subjecting them to an ordered set of processing
activities over a finite period of time using one or more pieces of equipment.
3.7 batch process: A process that leads to the production of finite quantities of material by
subjecting quantities of input materials to an ordered set of processing activities over a finite
period of time using one or more pieces of equipment.
3.8 batch schedule: A list of batches to be produced in a specific process cell.
NOTE – The batch schedule typically contains such information as what to produce, how much to produce, when
or in what order the batches are needed, and what equipment to use.
3.9 common resource: A resource that can provide services to more than one requester.
NOTE – Common resources are identified as either exclusive-use resources or shared-use resources (see 3.22
and 3.54).
3.10 control module: The lowest level grouping of equipment in the physical model that
can carry out basic control.
NOTE – This term applies to both the physical equipment and the equipment entity.
3.11 control recipe: A type of recipe which, through its execution, defines the manufacture
of a single batch of a specific product.
3.12 coordination control: A type of control that directs, initiates, and/or modifies the
execution of procedural control and the utilization of equipment entities.
3.13 enterprise: An organization that coordinates the operation of one or more sites.
3.14 equipment control: The equipment-specific functionality that provides the actual
control capability for an equipment entity, including procedural, basic and coordination
control, and that is not part of the recipe.
3.15 equipment entity: A collection of physical processing and control equipment and
equipment control grouped together to perform a certain control function or set of control
functions.
3.16 equipment module: A functional group of equipment that can carry out a finite number
of specific minor processing activities.
NOTES
1 An equipment module is typically centered around a piece of process equipment (a weigh tank, a process
heater, a scrubber, etc.). This term applies to both the physical equipment and the equipment entity.
2 Examples of minor process activities are dosing and weighing.
3.17 equipment operation: An operation that is part of equipment control.

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 17 –
3.18 equipment phase: A phase that is part of equipment control.
3.19 equipment procedure: A procedure that is part of equipment control.
3.20 equipment unit procedure: A unit procedure that is part of equipment control.
3.21 exception handling: Those functions that deal with plant or process contingencies
and other events which occur outside the normal or desired behaviour of batch control.
3.22 exclusive-use resource: A common resource that only one user can use at any given
time.
3.23 formula: A category of recipe information that includes process inputs, process
parameters and process outputs.
3.24 general recipe: A type of recipe that expresses equipment and site-independent
processing requirements.
3.25 header: Information about the purpose, source and version of the recipe such as
recipe and product identification, creator, and issue date.
3.26 ID: A unique identifier for batches, lots, operators, technicians, and raw materials.
3.27 line; train: See definition for train.
3.28 lot: A unique amount of material having a set of common traits.
NOTE – Some examples of common traits are material source, the master recipe used to produce the material
and distinct physical properties.
3.29 master recipe: A type of recipe that accounts for equipment capabilities and may
include process cell-specific information.
3.30 mode: The manner in which the transition of sequential functions are carried out within
a procedural element or the accessibility for manipulating the states of equipment entities
manually or by other types of control.
3.31 operation: A procedural element defining an independent processing activity
consisting of the algorithm necessary for the initiation, organization and control of phases.
3.32 path; stream: The order of equipment within a process cell that is used, or is
expected to be used, in the production of a specific batch.
3.33 personnel and environmental protection: The control activity that
– prevents events from occurring that would cause the process to react in a manner that
would jeopardize personnel safety and/or harm the environment; and/or
– takes additional measures, such as starting standby equipment, to prevent an abnormal
condition from proceeding to a more undesirable state that would jeopardize personnel
safety and/or harm the environment.

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SIST EN 61512-1:2001
61512-1  IEC:1997 – 19 –
3.34 phase: The lowest level of procedural element in the procedural control model.
3.35 procedural control: Control that directs equipment-oriented actions to take place in
an ordered sequence in order to carry out some process-oriented task.
3.36 procedural element: A building block for procedural control that is defined by the
procedural control model.
3.37 procedure: The strategy for carrying out a process.
NOTE – In general, this refers to the strategy for making a batch within a process cell. It may also refer to a
process that does not result in the production of a product, such as a clean-in-place procedure.
3.38 process: A sequence of chemical, physical, or biological activities for the conversion,
transport or storage of material or energy.
3.39 process action: Minor processing activities that are combined to make up a process
operation.
NOTE – Process actions are the lowest level of processing activity within the process model.
3.40 process cell: A logical grouping of equipment that includes the equipment required for
production of one or more batches. It defines the span of logical control of one set of
process equipment within an area.
NOTE – This term applies to both the physical equipment and the equipment entity.
3.41 process control: The control activity that includes the control functions needed to
provide sequential, regulatory and discrete control, and to gather and display data.
3.42 process input: The identification and quantity of a raw material or other resource
required to make a product.
3.43 process management: The control activity that includes the control functions needed
to manage batch production within a process cell.
3.44 process operation: A major processing activity that usually results in a chemical or
physical change in the material being processed and that is defined without consideration of
the actual target equipment configuration.
3.45 process output: An identification and quantity of material or energy expected to
resul
...