SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
01-november-2007
Orodje za obdelavo lesa - Varnostne zahteve - 1. del: Frezalno orodje, listi krožnih
žag
Tools for woodworking - Safety requirements - Part 1: Milling tools, circular saw blades
Maschinen-Werkzeuge für Holzbearbeitung - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen - Teil
1: Fräs- und Hobelwerkzeuge, Kreissägeblätter
Outils pour le travail du bois - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 1: Outils de fraisage, lames
de scies circulaires
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
ICS:
25.100.20 Orodja za frezanje Milling tools
25.100.40 Žagni listi Saws
79.120.20 Lesnoobdelovalno orodje Woodworking tools
SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007

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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 847-1:2005+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2007
ICS 79.120.10 Supersedes EN 847-1:2005
English Version
Tools for woodworking - Safety requirements - Part 1: Milling
tools, circular saw blades
Outils pour le travail du bois - Exigences de sécurité - Maschinen-Werkzeuge für Holzbearbeitung -
Partie 1: Outils de fraisage, lames de scies circulaires Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen - Teil 1: Fräs- und
Hobelwerkzeuge, Kreissägeblätter
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 12 July 2007.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.






EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Symbols and abbreviations .13
5 List of hazards.14
6 Design requirements .14
6.1 General requirements for milling tools and circular saw blades.14
6.1.1 General.14
6.1.2 Safety requirements and/or measures .14
6.1.3 Separable fixing .15
6.1.3.1 Form lock fixing and friction lock fixing.15
6.1.3.2 Clamping parts .15
6.1.3.3 Position of the chip breakers.16
6.1.4 Overspeed type test for complex tools .16
6.1.4.1 Test conditions.16
6.1.4.2 Test procedure .17
6.1.5 Cutting blade thickness and cutting blade projection.17
6.1.5.1 General .17
6.1.5.2 One piece or composite cutting blades (HS, HL and SP cutting materials) .18
6.1.5.3 One piece hardmetal (HW, HC) cutting blades, composite milling tools and circular saw
blades .18
6.1.6 Dimensions and tolerances .19
6.1.6.1 Bore tolerances .19
6.1.6.2 Hub diameter and tolerances.19
6.1.7 Handling of detachable tools with m >>>> 15 kg.19
6.2 Specific requirements for milling tools .20
6.2.1 Tools for hand fed machines.20
6.2.1.1 Tool form.20
6.2.1.2 Cutting edge projection and basic number of teeth.20
6.2.1.3 Maximum gullet width s .23
max
6.2.1.4 Minimum diameter of the body d .25
min
6.2.1.5 Approach angles ττττ and ττττ .27
r a
6.2.1.6 Tool combinations for hand fed machines.27
6.2.2 Prevention of relative rotation within a tool combination .28
6.2.3 Balance of milling tools .28
6.2.3.1 Quantities and units.28
6.2.3.2 Balancing .29
7 Tool identification.29
7.1 Marking of milling tools for integrated feed other than shank mounted tools or integrated tools.29
7.2 Marking of milling tools for machines with hand feed other than shank mounted tools or
integrated tools.30
7.3 Marking of integrated tools.30
7.4 Marking of shank mounted tools .30
7.5 Marking of circular saw blades .31
7.6 Marking of cutting parts and deflectors .31
8 Information .31
Annex A (normative) Safe working practice .32
Annex B (informative) Maintenance and modification of milling tools and related components and
circular saw blades.35
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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
Annex C (normative) Palmqvist Toughness Test.36
Bibliography.37


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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 142 “Wood
working machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by en-
dorsement, at the latest by February 2008 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
February 2008.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2007-07-12.
This document supersedes EN 847-1:2005.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
!deleted text"
Organisations contributing to the preparation of this document include the EUMABOIS Tool Group.
All figures in this standard are examples or explanations.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-
tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den-
mark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
4

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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
Introduction
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this document.
The requirements of this document concern designers, manufacturers, suppliers and importers of tools for wood-
working.
This document also includes information which the manufacturer shall provide to the user.
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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)

1 Scope
This document specifies all hazards arising from the design of tools for woodworking machines, and describes the
methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards by tool design and by the provision of information. This
document deals with milling tools (bore mounted, shank mounted, integrated spindle) and circular saw blades, but
does not cover any hazard related to the strength of shank of shank mounted milling tools. The hazards are listed in
Clause 5. This document does not apply to boring bits, eccentric single router cutters, cutters with cutting circle less
than 16 mm and to tools used in rotary knife lathes and copying lathes where the hazard of ejection and contact with
the tool is always prevented by a system of fixed guards and/or movable guards interlocked with guard-locking and/or
self-closing guards.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 847-2, Tools for woodworking — Safety requirements — Part 2: Requirements for the shank of shank mounted
milling tools
EN 23878, Hardmetals - Vickers hardness test (ISO 3878:1983)
ISO 286-2, ISO system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for
holes and shafts
ISO 1940-1, Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid) state —
Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
milling tool
rotating cutting tool, (e.g. milling cutter, planing cutter, thicknessing cutter) normally having its main feed direction
perpendicular to the rotation axis, for working various surfaces on wood and similar materials through chip removal.
The cutting edge of the cutting part may be
 parallel to the axis of rotation,
 square to the axis of rotation, or
 a profile which is a combination of the two.
The tool may be
 a one piece tool,
 a composite tool,
 a complex tool, or
 in the form of a tool set
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
3.2
circular saw blade
rotating cutting tool for cross-cutting or ripping wood and similar materials through chip removal.
The tools cut on the periphery and on both flanks simultaneously, and may be
 a one piece tool,
 a composite tool, or
 a complex tool
3.3
one piece tool (solid tool)
tools without bonded or detachable parts: the body and the cutting parts are one piece
3.4
composite tool (tipped tool)
tools where the cutting parts (tips) are firmly connected by bonding to the body, e.g. welding, brazing, adhesive
fixing, etc.
3.5
complex tool
tools where one or more cutting parts (inserts, blades) are exchangeably mounted in a body through detachable
fixing elements. The cutting parts may be one piece or composite
3.6
tool set
number of individual tools clamped together on a tool carrier designed to function as one tool
3.7
integrated tools
tools where the body is part of the machine and only the cutting parts are exchangeable
3.8
body
the part of the tool which holds the cutting blades or inserts, or on which the cutting parts are formed
[ISO 3002-1:1982]
3.9
cutting part
the functional part or parts of the tool each comprised of chip producing elements. The cutting edges, face and
flank are therefore elements of the cutting part. In the case of a multi-toothed cutter, each tooth has a cutting part
[ISO 3002-1:1982]
3.10
auxiliary cutting parts
auxiliary cutting parts are additional cutting parts with a cutting width and a radial cutting edge projection to the
body of less than 12 mm (e.g. grooving inserts, bevelling inserts, chamfering inserts)
3.11
spur
cutting part which operates both on its periphery and on its flank. The spur projects from the major cutting edge in
radial, and if applicable, in axial direction. A spur is either a separate cutting part (see Figure 1) or a part of the ma-
jor cutting edge
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 Screw at the choice of the manufacturer
Figure 1 — Milling tool with a spur
3.12
cutting diameter
d (cutting radius r )
1 1
for tools where various blades can be mounted, the cutting diameter d (cutting radius r ) is the maximum possible
1 1
value (see Figure 2)

a
Shaded area (see 6.2.1.2)
Figure 2 — Cutting diameter and cutting width
3.13
cutting width
b
1
for tools where various blades can be mounted, the cutting width b is the maximum possible value (see Figure 2)
1
3.14
deflector
projecting part exchangeably mounted or firmly connected by bonding to the body or part of the body which per-
forms chip thickness limitation (see Figures 3 b), c), d), e) and g))
NOTE The deflector can also be called a "counter-knife".
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
3.15
cutting blade projection
t
difference between the radius r of the cutting circle and the radius r of the back supporting circle where t = r – r
1 5 1 5
(see Figure 3)
3.16
radial cutting edge projection
c
r
difference between the deflector (not round form tools) or the body (round form tools) and the cutting edge meas-
ured in the direction of the normal to the profile (see Figures 2 and 3)
3.17
axial cutting edge projection
c
a
distance measured axially between the axial cutting edge and the body (see Figure 3 a)) or the deflector (see Fig-
ure 3 d))
3.18
round form tool
tool where the body has a circular shape in any cross section perpendicular to the rotational axis of the tool and
which performs chip thickness limitation (see Figures 3 a) and 5)). Auxiliary cutting parts with a deflector or spurs
(see 3.10 and 3.11) are not considered
3.19
not round form tool
tool where chip thickness limitation is performed by a deflector (see Figures 3 b), c), d), e) and g)) or where a cross
section of the body is not circular (see Figure 3 f))
3.20
round form tool set
functional unit consisting of a number of individual not round form and/or round form tools clamped together and
forming a round form tool shape with radial gaps of less than 5 mm and axial gaps less than 15 mm and the top
and the bottom side is a full round
3.21
tool combination
unit consisting of a number of loose tools connectable in a variable sequence or extendable in a variable position
3.22
adhesive fixing
bonding of the tool components to the body which prevents their change of position relative to each other
3.23
separable fixing

3.23.1
friction lock fixing (see Figure 4)
fixing where the relative change of position in a radial direction during rotation is prevented only by the friction
forces
3.23.2
form lock fixing (see Figure 5)
fixing where the relative change of position in the radial direction during rotation is prevented by the form and
arrangement of the components
3.24
radial and axial approach flats (see Figure 6)
flat on the radial and/or axial surface of the deflector or of the body, in front of the deflector edge
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
3.25
radial approach angle
τ (see Figure 6)
r
angle between the approach flat and the tangent to the deflector circle at the deflector edge or to the body circle at
the point where the radial approach flat begins
3.26
axial approach angle
τ (see Figure 6)
a
angle between a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool and the axial approach flat
3.27
basic number of teeth
the number of teeth cutting in each part of the profile
3.28
woodworking machine
machine or a combination of machines intended for cutting of wood and similar materials (see 3.29) by chip
removal, or chipless cutting, sanding and forming, laminating (including gluing and edging) or joining.
It includes equipment for the noise and dust control which is integral with the machine.
A “machine” includes also associated auxiliary equipment, e.g. power feed units, reversing units, magazines and
hoppers, clamping devices and conveying and lifting equipment
3.29
similar materials
materials with physical and technological characteristics similar to those of wood, such as cork, bone, wood based
materials as chipboard, fibreboard, plywood etc. and for which the process for machining and chip or particle
removal is similar
3.30
tools
all individual tools and tool sets for the mechanical removal of chips e.g. circular saw blades, bandsaw blades, mill-
ing cutters, chain cutters. Tools also include devices for forming and shaping or chipless cutting
3.31
hand feed
manual holding and/or guiding of the workpiece or of a machine element incorporating a tool. Hand feed includes
the use of hand-operated carriage on which the workpiece is placed manually or clamped and the use of demount-
able power feed unit (see 3.36)
3.32
integrated feed
feed mechanism for the workpiece or tool which is integrated with the machine and where the workpiece or
machine element with incorporated tool is held and controlled mechanically during the machining operation
3.33
maximum rotational speed
maximum rotational speed for the operation for which the tool is designed
3.34
speed range
minimum and maximum rotational speeds within which the tool spindle or tool is designed to operate
3.35
loading the machine
manual or automatic placing of the workpiece onto a carriage, magazine, lift, hopper, movable bed, conveyor or the
presentation of the workpiece to an integrated feed device
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
3.36
demountable power feed unit
feed mechanism which is mounted on the machine so that it can be moved from the working position without the
use of a spanner or similar additional device
3.37
ejection
unexpected movement of the workpiece, parts of it or parts of the machine during processing
3.38
kickback
particular form of ejection (see 3.37) and is describing the unexpected movement of the workpiece or parts of it or
parts of the machine opposite to the direction of feed during processing
3.39
chip breaking item
characteristic feature suitable to deflect the chip (e.g. to upset the chip) with the aim of reducing the presplitting of
the workpiece material. The chip breaking item may be a separate or an integral element of the cutting part
3.40
gullet width
s

distance from the cutting edge to the point at which the contour of the tool abandons the circle with radius r (see
2
Figures 3 a) and g))
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)

In Figure 3 a) is r = r .
2 5
Figure 3 — Deflector

Figure 4 — Friction lock fixing
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)

Figure 5 — Form lock fixing

Key
1 Radial approach flat
2 Axial approach flat
Figure 6 — Radial and axial approach flats
4 Symbols and abbreviations
SP Alloyed tool steel (minimum 0,6 % C and no more than 5 % alloy constituents)
HL High alloyed tool steel (more than 5 % alloy units, e.g. 12 % Cr)
HS High speed steel (more than 12 % total of alloying components W, Mo, V, Co)
HW Uncoated hardmetal on tungsten carbide base [ISO 513:2004]
HC Coated hardmetal [ISO 513:2004]
ST Cast cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Stellites
DP Polycrystalline diamond [ISO 513:2004]
DM Monocrystalline diamond
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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
5 List of hazards
Table 1 — Hazards
Condition or causes of hazard Corresponding clause
Hazard
related to the tool of EN 847-1
cutting hazard when mounting or 6.1.7, Clause 8
dismounting the tool
Cutting and severing
kickback or contact with the rotating 6.2.1
tool
disintegration or partial break up to 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 6.1.5.2, 6.1.5.3, 6.2.2,
tool body 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, A.2, A.4, A.5,
A.6
incorrect assembly of tool compo- 6.1.3, 6.1.5, A.5, A.6.3
nents
movements of blades fixed by fric- 6.1.3
tion
fly in/out of blades or separate com- 6.1.3, 6.1.4, 6.1.5.2, 6.1.5.3
Projection of parts
ponents
unbalance of the tool while rotating 6.1.6.1, 6.2.3
kickback when machining 6.1.4.2, 6.2, 6.2.1
fixing of the tool on the machine 6.1.6.2, A.6
spindle
modification of position of tool com- 6.2.2, A.6.5
ponents
Vibrations unbalance of tool 6.1.6.1, 6.2.3
6 Design requirements
6.1 General requirements for milling tools and circular saw blades
6.1.1 General
Tools shall be designed and made of such materials in order that they will withstand the forces and loads expected
when used and maintained in compliance with the manufacturer's instructions.
6.1.2 Safety requirements and/or measures
One piece (solid), composite and complex tools shall be designed with a safety factor as given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Safety factors
Type of tool Method of procedure Safety factor
Safety factor of 4 means
One piece (solid) Calculation of stresses or centrifugal
and composite tools test against fracture n = 2 × n
p max
Safety factor of 2,25 means
Test procedure
Complex tools
described under 6.1.4 n = 1,5 × n
p max

NOTE n is the test speed for overspeed test.
p
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SIST EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007
EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
An overspeed type test is required for complex tools, see 6.1.4.
For tools with a cutting radius of r ≤ 20 mm a load of 50 N/mm shall be assumed. For tools with a cutting radius of
1
r > 20 mm the following formula applies for the calculation of the cutting force per millimetre:
1
30 × P
6
F = × 10
m
r × b × n × π
1 1 max
where
F is the cutting force per mm  [N/mm]
m
P is the power  [kW]
r is the cutting radius  [mm]
1
b is the cutting width  [mm]
1
− 1
n is the maximum rotational speed [min ]
max
Verification: By checking calculations or using the test procedure described in 6.1.4.
6.1.3 Separable fixing
6.1.3.1 Form lock fixing and friction lock fixing
Form lock fixing shall be used for complex tools with the exception that friction lock fixing may be used in the following
cases:
 for cutting blades used in milling tools for surface planing and thicknessing machines whose cutting width is at
least 150 mm;
 for cutting blades (except moulding and bevel blades) used in milling tools for machines with integrated feed;
 for tools used in chipping and flaking machines with integrated feed.
Verification: By checking relevant drawings, measurement and visual inspection of the tool.
6.1.3.2 Clamping parts
The design of a complex tool, which includes a deflector, shall ensure that clamping of the knife can only be achieved
with the deflector in position.
Form lock fixing shall ensure a positive mechanical fastening between the separable tool elements, and shall not rely
on friction alone between the clamped parts. Examples of positive mechanical locks are: pin(s), screw(s), slots,
notches.
Where a pin lock is used, at least 1 pin per blade (see Figure 7) shall be used for cutting blade widths up to 30 mm
and at least 2 pins per blade for cutting blade width over 30 mm.
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EN 847-1:2005+A1:2007 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 7 — Complex tool pin locking
For planing and combined planing and thicknessing machine milling tools, where fixing of the wedges is by means of
screws (see Figures 4 b) and 5 b)), at least two screws are required for each wedge.
The distance between the back of the wedges and the body shall not exceed 7 mm when the cutting blade is in
position (see Figure 4 b)).
Verification: By checking the relevant drawing, measurement and visual inspection of the tool and by checking that the
knife cannot be clamped without the deflector in position.
6.1.3.3 Position of the chip breakers
When using a chip breaking item (see 3.39), c shall be minimum 1,0 mm (see Figure 8).
c
For round form tools with a cutting edge projection of c and c ≤ 1,1 mm a c of minimum 0,6 mm is allowed (see
r a c
Figure 8).

Figure 8 — Minimum distance of the chip breaking item (c ) from the cutting edge
c
6.1.4 Overspeed type test for complex tools
6.1.4.1 Test conditions
The strength of complex tools to withstand the expected centrifu
...