Energy Performance of Buildings - Inspection of Automation, Controls and Technical Building Management - Part 1: Module M10-11

This European Standard defines guidelines for the inspection of installed an operational Functions of Building Automation, Controls and Technical Building Managment System including its configuration.

Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden- Inspektion der Gebäudeautomation, Regelungstechnik und des Technischen Gebäudemanagements - Teil 1: Modul M10-11

Diese Norm legt Leitlinien für die Inspektion von installierten und betrieblichen Funktionen der Gebäudeautomation und von Systemen des technischen Gebäudemanagements einschließlich deren Konfiguration fest.
Tabelle 1 zeigt die relative Position dieser Norm innerhalb des EPB-Normenpaketes im Kontext der in FprEN ISO 52000-1:2016 dargelegten modularen Struktur.
ANMERKUNG 1   In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2 findet sich die gleiche Tabelle mit den Nummern (für jedes Modul) der jeweiligen EPB-Normen und den dazugehörigen technischen Berichten, die bereits veröffentlicht wurden oder sich in der Erstellung befinden.
ANMERKUNG 2   Die Module repräsentieren EPB-Normen, auch wenn eine EPB-Norm mehr als ein Modul abdecken kann und ein Modul von mehr als einer EPB-Norm abgedeckt werden kann, zum Beispiel jeweils ein vereinfachtes und ein detailliertes Verfahren.

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Inspection des systèmes d'automatisation, de régulation et de gestion technique des bâtiments - Partie 1 : Module M10-11

La présente Norme européenne définit les lignes directrices pour l'inspection des fonctions installées et opérationnelles du système d'automatisation, de régulation et de gestion technique des bâtiments, y compris sa configuration.
Le Tableau 1 indique la position relative de la présente norme au sein de l'ensemble de normes européennes PEB dans le contexte de la structure modulaire indiquée dans prEN ISO 52000-1 :2015.
NOTE 1    Le même tableau se trouve dans prEN ISO/TR 52000-2 :2014 avec, pour chaque module, le nombre des normes PEB et les rapports qui les accompagnent, publiés ou en préparation.
NOTE 2   Les modules représentent les normes PEB, bien qu’une norme peut recouvrir plus qu’un module et qu’un module peut être recouvert par plus qu’une norme PEB, comme par exemple une méthode simplifiée et une détaillée.

Energijske lastnosti stavb - Pregled avtomatike, regulacije in tehničnega upravljanja stavb - 1. del: Modul M10-11

Ta evropski standard določa smernice za nadzor nameščenih delujočih funkcij avtomatizacije stavb, nadzora in tehničnega upravljanja stavb, vključno s konfiguracijo.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
02-Feb-2016
Publication Date
17-Apr-2018
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
12-Dec-2017
Due Date
16-Feb-2018
Completion Date
18-Apr-2018

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Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.KQLþQHJDEnergetische Bewertung von Gebäuden- Inspektion der Gebäudeautomation, Regelungstechnik und des Technischen Gebäudemanagements - Teil 1: Modul M10-11Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Inspection des systèmes d'automatisation, de régulation et de gestion technique des bâtiments - Partie 1 : Module M10-11Energy Performance of Buildings - Inspection of Automation, Controls and Technical Building Management - Part 1: Module M10-1197.120Avtomatske krmilne naprave za domAutomatic controls for household use35.240.67Uporabniške rešitve IT v gradbeništvuIT applications in building and construction industryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16946-1:2017SIST EN 16946-1:2018en,fr,de01-maj-2018SIST EN 16946-1:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 16946-1:2018



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16946-1
April
t r s y ICS
{ yä s t r English Version
Energy Performance of Buildings æ Inspection of Automationá Controls and Technical Building Management æ Part
sã Module M s ræ s s Performance énergétique des bâtiments æ Inspection des systèmes d 5automatisationá de régulation et de gestion technique des bâtiments æ Partie
s ã Module M s ræ s s
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäudenæ Inspektion der Gebäudeautomationá Regelungstechnik und des Technischen Gebäudemanagements æ Teil
sã Modul M s ræ s s This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t y February
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x { v xæ sã t r s y ESIST EN 16946-1:2018



EN 16946-1:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page
European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Overview . 7 5 Inspection method . 8 5.1 General . 8 5.2 Inspection procedure . 8 5.3 Major steps in the inspection . 8 5.4 Determination of energy efficiency contribution . 8 5.5 Weighting among building types . 9 5.6 BAC overall energy performance scale and evaluation . 9 6 Inspection of a BAC in the phases of BAC project . 9 6.1 General . 9 6.2 Design phase . 10 6.3 Engineering phase . 10 6.4 Installation phase . 10 6.5 Completion phase . 11 6.6 Documentation . 11 6.7 Operator instruction (training) . 11 6.8 Review and improve building performance . 12 6.9 Inspection of BACS sometime after the handover . 12 Annex A (informative)
Audit Processes . 13 Annex B (informative)
Schematic supply flow and controls functions influencing the efficiency . 14 Annex C (informative)
Key Performance Indicators . 15 C.1 General . 15 C.2 Characteristics of KPI's . 15 C.3 Gathering and evaluation method . 15 Bibliography . 17
SIST EN 16946-1:2018



EN 16946-1:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16946-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 247 “Building Automation, Controls and Building Management”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2017. This document is part of the set of standards on the energy performance of buildings (the set of EPB standards) and has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/480, [6]), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2010/31/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD, [7]). In case this standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications, in particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements. Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other regional (e.g. Pan European) parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building stock. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16946-1:2018



EN 16946-1:2017 (E) 4 Introduction This standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “EPB set of standards”. As part of the “EPB set of standards” it complies with the requirements for the set of basic EPB documents EN ISO 52000-1:2017 (see Normative references), CEN/TS 16628 and CEN/TS 16629 (see bibliography [2] and [3]) developed under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/480), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). The standards issued by TC 247 for M/480 belong to the EPB set of standards and are in line with the over-arching standard (EN ISO 52000-1:2017) and drafted in accordance with the basic principles and detailed technical rules developed in the Phase I of the mandate. Also these standards are clearly identified in the modular structure developed to ensure a transparent and coherent EPB standard set. BAC (Building Automation and Control) is identified in the modular structure as Technical Building System M10. However, the standards of TC 247 deal with control accuracy, control functions and control strategies using standards communications protocol (these last standards do not belong to the EPB standards set). To avoid a duplication of calculation due to the BAC (avoid double impact), no calculation are done in BAC EPB standard set, but in each underlying standard of EPB set of standards (from M1 to M9 in the Modular Structure), an IDENTIFIER developed and present in the M10 covered by EN 15232-1:2017 is used where appropriate. These way of interaction is described in detailed in the Technical Report (CEN ISO/TR 52000-2:2017) accompanying the over-arching standard. As consequence, the Annex A and Annex B concept as EXCEL sheet with the calculation formulas used in the EPB standards are not applicable for the standards issued by TC 247 for M/480. The main target groups of this standard are all the users of the set of EPB standards (e.g. architects, engineers, regulators). Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building stock. More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (CEN/TR 16946-2:2016 [1]). SIST EN 16946-1:2018



EN 16946-1:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines guidelines for the inspection of installed and operational functions of Building Automation, Controls and Technical Building Management System including its configuration. Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000-1:2017. NOTE 1 In CEN ISO/TR 52000-2:2017 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation. NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method respectively. Table 1 — Position of this standard (in casu M10–11), within the modular structure of the set of EPB standards
Over-arching Building (as such) Technical Building System Submodule Descriptions Descriptions Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidification Dehumidification Domestic Hot waters Lighting Building automation and control PV, wind, . sub1 M1 M2
M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 1 General General General
2 Common terms and definitions; symbols, units and subscripts Building Energy Needs Needs
3 Application (Free) Indoor Conditions without Systems Maximum Load and Power
4 Ways to Express Energy Performance Ways to Express Energy Performance Ways to Express Energy Performance
5 Building Functions and Building Boundaries Heat Transfer by Transmission Emission and control
6 Building Occupancy and Operating Conditions Heat Transfer by Infiltration and Ventilation Distribution and control
SIST EN 16946-1:2018



EN 16946-1:2017 (E) 6
Over-arching Building (as such) Technical Building System Submodule Descriptions Descriptions Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidification Dehumidification Domestic Hot waters Lighting Building automation and control PV, wind, . sub1 M1 M2
M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 7 Aggregation of Energy Services and Energy Carriers Internal Heat Gains Storage and control
8 Building Partitioning Solar Heat Gains Generation and control
9 Calculated Energy Performance Building Dynamics (thermal mass) Load dispatching and operating conditions
10 Measured Energy Performance Measured Energy Performance Measured Energy Performance
11 Inspection Inspection Inspection
x
12 Ways to Express Indoor Comfort
BMS
13 External Environment Conditions
14a Economic Calculation
a The shaded modules are not applicable. SIST EN 16946-1:2018



EN 16946-1:2017 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings – Overarching EPB assessment – Part 1: General framework and procedures EN ISO 16484-1, Building automation and control systems (BACS) - Part 1: Project specification and implementation (ISO 16484-1:2010) EN 15232-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Impact of Building Automation, Controls and Building Management - Modules M10-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 CEN/TR 15232-2:2016, Energy performance of buildings - Part 2: Accompanying TR prEN 15232-1:2015 - Modules M10-4,5,6,7,8,9,10 EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995, in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 apply. 4 Overview Building Automation and Controls including Technical Building Management (BAC) contribute to the energy performance of buildings. BAC performance has a tendency to decline over time if not actively checked, maintained and adapted to the actual use of the building (independent of the building type). This performance depends on a number of factors. Some of the factors are: — building / space usage changes; — equipment maintenance and re-commissioning; — manual interventions and missing “back to “normal” change; — manual set point adjustments and back to “normal” procedure; — plant performance issues; — control issues and control equipment issues; — misplaced sensors and mounting issu
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
01-januar-2016
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Inspection of Building Automation, Controls and Technical Building Management -
Module M10-11
Inspektion der Gebäudeautomation, Regelungstechnik und des Technischen
Gebäudemanagements
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16946-1
ICS:
97.120 Avtomatske krmilne naprave Automatic controls for
za dom household use
oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016


DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16946-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

December 2015
ICS 97.120
English Version

Inspection of Building Automation, Controls and Technical
Building Management - Module M10-11
 Inspektion der Gebäudeautomation, Regelungstechnik
und des Technischen Gebäudemanagements
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 247.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16946-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
prEN 16946-1:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Introduction . 7
5 Inspection method . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Inspection procedure . 8
5.3 Major steps in the inspection . 8
5.4 Determination of energy efficiency contribution . 9
5.5 Weighting among building types . 9
5.6 BAC overall energy performance scale and evaluation . 9
6 Inspection of a BAC in the phases of BAC project . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Design phase . 10
6.2.1 Activities . 10
6.2.2 Role of the inspection . 10
6.3 Engineering phase . 10
6.3.1 Activities . 10
6.3.2 Role of the inspection . 10
6.4 Installation phase . 11
6.4.1 Activities . 11
6.4.2 Role of the inspection . 11
6.5 Completion phase . 11
6.5.1 Activities . 11
6.5.2 Role of the inspection . 11
6.6 Documentation . 11
6.6.1 General . 11
6.6.2 Role of the inspection . 11
6.7 Operator instruction (training) . 12
6.7.1 General . 12
6.7.2 Role of the inspection . 12
6.8 Review and improve building performance . 12
6.9 Inspection of BACS sometime after the handover . 12
Annex A (informative) Audit Processes . 13
Annex B (informative) Schematic energy flow and controls functions influencing the
efficiency . 14
B.1 Summary . 14
Annex C (informative) Key Performance Indicators . 15
C.1 General . 15
C.2 Characteristics of KPI's . 15
2

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
prEN 16946-1:2015 (E)
C.3 Gathering and evaluation method . 15
Bibliography . 17

3

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
prEN 16946-1:2015 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 16946-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 247
“Building Automation, Controls and Building Management”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
4

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
prEN 16946-1:2015 (E)
Introduction
This standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the methodology
for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “EPB set of standards”.
As part of the “EPB set of standards” it complies with the requirements for the set of basic EPB
documents prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 (see Normative references), CEN/TS 16628 and CEN/TS 16629
(see bibliography [2] and [3]) developed under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/480), and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive 2010/31/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD).
The standards issued by TC 247 for M/480 belong to the EPB set of standards and are in line with the
over-arching standard (prEN ISO 52000-1:2015) and drafted in accordance with the basic principles
and detailed technical rules developed in the Phase I of the mandate.
Also these standards are clearly identified in the modular structure developed to ensure a transparent
and coherent EPB standard set. BAC (Building Automation and Control) is identified in the modular
structure as Technical Building System M10. However, the standards of TC 247 deal with control
accuracy, control functions and control strategies using standards communications protocol (these last
standards don’t belong to the EPB standards set).
To avoid a duplication of calculation due to the BAC (avoid double impact), no calculation are done in
BAC EPB standard set, but in each underlying standard of EPB set of standards (from M1 to M9 in the
Modular Structure), an IDENTIFIER developed and present in the M10 covered by EN 15232 is used
where appropriate. These way of interaction is described in detailed in the Technical Report
(prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2) accompanying the over-arching standard. As consequence, the Annex A and
Annex B concept as EXCEL sheet with the calculation formulas used in the EPB standards are not
applicable for the standards issued by TC 247 for M/480.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the EN EPB set of standards.
Table 1 — Position of this standard within the EPB set of standards
 Over- Building Technical Building System
arching (as such)
sub1 M1 M2  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 General General General
Common
terms and
Building
2 definitions; Needs
Energy Needs
symbols, units
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Maximum
Conditions
3 Application Load and
without
Power
Systems
5
Submodule
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic Hot waters
Lighting
Building automation
and control
PV, wind, .

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
prEN 16946-1:2015 (E)
 Over- Building Technical Building System
arching (as such)
sub1 M1 M2  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Ways to Ways to Ways to
Express Express Express
4
Energy Energy Energy
Performance Performance Performance
Building
Heat Transfer
Functions and Emission and
5 by
Building control
Transmission
Boundaries
Building
Heat Transfer
Occupancy Distribution
6 by Infiltration
and Operating and control
and Ventilation
Conditions
Aggregation of
Energy
Internal Heat Storage and
7 Services and
Gains control
Energy
Carriers
Building Solar Heat Generation
8
Partitioning Gains and control
Load
Calculated Building
dispatching
9 Energy Dynamics
and operating
Performance (thermal mass)
conditions
Measured Measured Measured
10 Energy Energy Energy
Performance Performance Performance
11 Inspection Inspection Inspection        x
Ways to
Express
12  BMS
Indoor
Comfort
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic
14
Calculation
6
Submodule
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic Hot waters
Lighting
Building automation
and control
PV, wind, .

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oSIST prEN 16946-1:2016
prEN 16946-1:2015 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard defines guidelines for the inspection of installed an operational functions of
Building Automation, Controls and Technical Building Management System including its configuration.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings – Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures
EN ISO 16484-1, Building automation and control systems (BACS) - Part 1: Project specification and
implementation (ISO 16484-1)
prEN 15232-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Impact of Building Automation, Controls
and Building Management - Modules M10-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
prCEN/TR 15232-2:2015, Accompanying TR EN 15232-1
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 apply.
4 Introduction
Building Automation and Controls including Technical Building Management (BAC) contribute to the
energy performance of buildings. BAC performance has a tendency to decline over time if not actively
checked, maintained and adapted to the actual use of the building (independent of the building type).
This performance depends on a number of factors. Some of the factors are:
— building / space usage changes;
— equipment maintenance and re-commissioning;
— manual interventions and missing “back to “normal” change;
— manual set point adjustments and back to “normal” procedure;
— plant performance issues;
— control issues and control equipment issues;
— misplaced sensors and mounting issues;
— etc.
The req
...

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