SIST EN ISO 3450:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
01-januar-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 3450:2008
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Stroji s kolesi ali gumijastimi gosenicami za velike
hitrosti - Zahteve za zmogljivost in preskusni postopki zavornih sistemov (ISO
3450:2011)
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines -
Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems (ISO 3450:2011)
Erdbaumaschinen - Bremsanlagen von gummibereiften Maschinen - Systeme,
Anforderungen und Prüfungen (ISO 3450:2011)
Engins de terrassement - Engins sur pneumatiques ou sur chenilles caoutchouc à
grande vitesse - Exigences de performance et modes opératoires d'essai des systèmes
de freinage (ISO 3450:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3450:2011
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
SIST EN ISO 3450:2012 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 3450

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2011
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN ISO 3450:2008
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Wheeled or high-speed rubber-
tracked machines - Performance requirements and test
procedures for brake systems (ISO 3450:2011)
Engins de terrassement - Engins sur pneumatiques ou sur Erdbaumaschinen - Maschinen auf Rädern oder
chenilles caoutchouc à grande vitesse - Exigences de schnelllaufende gummigleiskettenbereifte Maschinen -
performance et modes opératoires d'essai des systèmes Anforderungen und Prüfungen für Bremssysteme (ISO
de freinage (ISO 3450:2011) 3450:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 October 2011.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3450:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
EN ISO 3450:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .4

2

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
EN ISO 3450:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 3450:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127 "Earth-moving
machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and building
material machines - Safety” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3450:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3450:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 3450:2011 without any modification.
3

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
EN ISO 3450:2011 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this Standard.
4

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3450
Fourth edition
2011-11-01
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or
high-speed rubber-tracked machines —
Performance requirements and test
procedures for brake systems
Engins de terrassement — Engins sur pneumatiques ou sur chenilles
en caoutchouc à grande vitesse — Exigences de performance et
modes opératoires d’essai des systèmes de freinage
Reference number
ISO 3450:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General requirements . 5
4.1 Required brake systems . 5
4.2 Common components . 6
4.3 Brake control systems . 6
4.4 Service brake systems . 7
4.5 Secondary brake systems . 7
4.6 Parking brake systems . 7
4.7 Hydrostatic brake systems . 7
4.8 Systems with combined brake and steer function . 8
4.9 Performance and warning devices for stored energy sources . 8
4.10 Braking systems with electronic MCS . 8
4.11 Machines designed to tow trailers . 9
4.12 Machine instructions and labels . 9
4.13 Estimating brake slope capability .10
5 Test conditions .10
5.1 Overall test parameters .10
5.2 General test conditions .10
5.3 Test course . 11
5.4 Machine test configuration . 11
6 Performance tests .12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Braking system controls .12
6.3 Stored energy sources .12
6.4 Holding performance .13
6.5 Stopping performance .14
6.6 Alternative testing .16
7 Test report .16
Annex A (informative) Braking for purpose-built underground mining machines .18
Annex B (informative) Brake slope capability calculation method .23
Bibliography .24
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3450 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2,
Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3450:1996), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3450:2011(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-
tracked machines — Performance requirements and test
procedures for brake systems
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the service,
secondary and parking brake systems of wheeled and high-speed rubber-tracked earth-moving machines, for
the uniform assessment of those brake systems.
It is applicable to the following earth-moving machinery, operating on work sites or in mining, or travelling on
public roads:
— self-propelled, rubber-tyred earth-moving machines, as defined in ISO 6165;
— self-propelled rollers and landfill compactors, as defined in ISO 6165 and ISO 8811;
— self-propelled scrapers, as defined in ISO 7133;
— remote-control machines, as defined in ISO 6165, wheeled or rubber-tracked;
— derivative earth-moving machines with rubber tyres;
— earth-moving machines with rubber tracks and a maximum machine speed ≥20 km/h.
It is not applicable to pedestrian-controlled earth-moving machinery (see ISO 17063) or crawler earth-moving
machines with steel or rubber tracks that travel at <20 km/h (see ISO 10265). While purpose-built underground
mining machines are not within the scope of this International Standard, its provisions can generally be applied
to those machines with some braking performance modifications and additions (see Annex A).
NOTE At the time of publication, no International Standard dedicated to purpose-built underground mining machines
had been developed.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6014, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed
ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment
and components
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 7133, Earth-moving machinery — Tractor-scrapers — Terminology and commercial specifications
ISO 8811, Earth-moving machinery — Rollers and compactors — Terminology and commercial specifications
ISO 9248, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measurement
accuracies
ISO 10968, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s controls
ISO 15998, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic components —
Performance criteria and tests for functional safety
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
brake system
braking system
all components which combine together to stop and/or hold the machine, including the brake control(s), brake
actuation system, the brake(s) themselves and, if the machine is so equipped, the retarder .
3.1.1
service brake system
primary system used for stopping and holding the machine
3.1.2
secondary brake system
system used to stop the machine in the event of any single failure in the service brake system
3.1.3
parking brake system
system used to hold a stopped machine in a stationary position and which, if applicable, may also be part of
secondary brake system
3.1.4
hydrostatic brake system
hydrostatic or other similar propel drive system used to meet one or more of the brake system requirements
3.1.5 Braking system components
3.1.5.1
brake control
component directly activated by the operator to cause a force to be transmitted to the brake(s)
3.1.5.2
brake actuation system
all components between the brake control and the brake(s) which connect them functionally
3.1.5.3
brake
brakes
component which directly applies a force to oppose movement of the machine
NOTE The different types of brake include friction, mechanical, electrical, regenerative devices and hydrostatic or
other fluid types.
3.1.5.4
common component
component that performs a function in two or more brake systems
EXAMPLE Pedal, valve.
3.1.5.5
retarder
energy-absorption device normally used to control machine speed
3.2
hydrostatic drive system
hydraulic system where hydraulic motors form a direct drive to the wheels or track to propel the machine and
slow machine movement
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
3.3
machine test mass
operating mass of a machine which includes the heaviest combination of cab, canopy, operator protective
structures (if required) with all their components and mountings, any combination of equipment approved
by the manufacturer of the machine, including operator and full liquid systems in accordance with ISO 6016
(e.g. machine configuration and direction of travel having the most adverse effect on braking)
NOTE 1 For rollers, the sprinkler water reservoir(s) shall be full.
NOTE 2 For self-propelled scrapers with semi-trailed units, towed trailers and all types of dumpers, the machine test
mass shall also include the maximum specified payload as per the machine manufacturer’s specifications. For all other
machines, the payload shall not be included.
3.4
stopping distance
s
distance travelled by the machine from the point on the test course at which the machine brake control actuation
begins (e.g. operator actuates the brakes) to the point on the test course where the machine is fully stopped
NOTE 1 It is expressed in metres (m).
NOTE 2 It does not take into account the operator reaction time, unless stated, but does take into account the system
reaction time.
3.5
mean deceleration
a
average rate of change in the velocity of the machine from the instant the brake control actuation begins until
a full stop is achieved
2
NOTE It is expressed in metres per second squared (m/s ), calculated from
2
v
a=
2s
where
v is the velocity of the machine immediately prior to the brake control being activated, in metres per second
(m/s);
s is the stopping distance, in metres (m).
3.6
burnishing
procedure used to condition the frictional surfaces of a brake
3.7
brake system pressure
fluid pressure available to the brake control
3.8
brake application pressure
measured fluid pressure used to actuate the brakes
3.9
modulated braking
ability to continuously and progressively increase and decrease the braking force by operation of the brake
control
EXAMPLE A system allows the braking force to be increased and decreased over time, based on single or repeated
movements of the brake control.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 3

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
3.10
test course
surface upon which the test is carried out
NOTE See 5.3.
3.11
cold brakes
〈brake systems containing friction elements〉 condition of brakes where
— the brakes have not been actuated in the previous hour except in accordance with the applicable
performance test (see Clause 6),
— the brakes have been cooled to 100 °C or less when measured on the brake disc or the outside of the
brake drum, or
— in the case of totally enclosed brakes, including oil-immersed brakes, the temperature measured on the
outside of the housing closest to the brake is below 50 °C or within the brake manufacturer’s specifications
3.12
maximum machine speed
maximum speed determined in accordance with ISO 6014, or equivalent
3.13
back throttling
action of applying slight forward or reverse power to a hydrostatic or other similar drive system in order to hold
the machine stationary
3.14
derivative earth-moving machine
machine with a combination of features from other earth-moving machines, thereby creating different
configurations or arrangements
EXAMPLE Machine having the front-mounted equipment of a loader on a non-self-loading, rear-mounted dumper
body.
3.15
safe state
condition in which, after a malfunction of the machine control system, the controlled equipment, process or
system is automatically or manually stopped or switched into a mode that prevents unexpected performance
or the potentially hazardous release of stored energy
3.16
dumper
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine with an open body, which transports and dumps or spreads material,
and where loading is performed by means other than the dumper
[ISO 6165]
NOTE For semi-trailed dumpers, see ISO 7132:2003, Figures 3, 16 and 20.
3.16.1
rigid-frame dumper
dumper having a rigid frame and wheel or crawler steering
[ISO 6165]
NOTE Rigid-frame and articulated-frame dumpers are illustrated in ISO 7132:2003, Figures 1 and 2, 8 and 9, 14 and
15, and 18 and 19.
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
3.16.2
articulated-frame dumper
〈wheeled machine〉 dumper with an articulated frame which accomplishes the steering of the dumper
[ISO 6165]
NOTE Rigid-frame and articulated-frame dumpers are illustrated in ISO 7132:2003, Figures 1 and 2, 8 and 9, 14 and
15, and 18 and 19.
3.17
trailer
transport machine with one or more axles which, according to its design, is suitable and intended for coupling
to a self-propelled machine
3.18
fully developed deceleration rate
maximum continuous deceleration rate which the machine is capable of developing on a specified constant
slope, with a specific machine test mass and surface condition and an initial (prior to deceleration) machine
travel speed
3.19
purpose-built underground mining machine
specialized earthmoving machine designed for underground use which may have a lower height profile and
trailer attached
EXAMPLE Underground dump trucks, tele-dumpers, load haul dumps, scoops, coal haulers, power trams, chock
carriers, personnel carriers, loading machines.
3.20
machine control system
MCS
components needed to fulfil the function of the system, including sensors, signal processing unit, monitor,
controls and actuators or several of these
NOTE The extent of the system is not limited to the electronic controls, but is defined by the machine-related function
of the complete system. It therefore consists generally of electronic, non-electronic and connection devices. This can
include mechanical, hydraulic, optical or pneumatic components/systems.
[ISO 15998]
4 General requirements
The requirements of this clause apply to all machines within the scope of this International Standard.
All brake systems shall be designed, constructed and installed such that contamination and/or its effects are
minimized.
4.1 Required brake systems
4.1.1 All machines shall be equipped with
a) a service brake system,
b) a secondary brake system, and
c) a parking brake system.
Service, secondary and parking brake systems may share common components or functions and do not have
to be three independent and separate systems.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 5

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SIST EN ISO 3450:2012
ISO 3450:2011(E)
4.1.2 No brake system (including hydrostatic systems) shall contain a disconnecting device such as a clutch
or shiftable gear-box which allows disabling of the brake, except for systems in accordance with a) and/or b), as
follows:
a) any device designed to disconnect the service or secondary brake power source for cold weather starting
shall require application of the parking brake before disconnection can take place;
b) a parking brake disconnect (release) designed to allow movement of disabled machines shall be located
outside the operator’s station unless it can be reapplied immediately.
4.1.3 All machines shall have service brakes of an equal nominal capacity rating applicable to each of the
wheels (or equivalent) of at least one axle. Dumpers and self-propelled scrapers with semi-trailed unit(s) shall
have service brakes applicable to at least one axle of the towing machine and one axle of each semi-trailed unit.
4.1.4 For rollers, the service and secondary brakes shall apply to all power-driven drums and wheels. Each
drum of a split drum shall have the same nominal brake torque. The brake of a single-drum roller and a combined
roller shall apply to all wheels and to the drum.
4.1.5 If the parking brake is intended to stop creep movement, the parking brake system shall permit actuation
of the parking brake during travel.
4.2 Common components
Service, secondary and parking brake systems can share common components. Where common components
are used, the machine’s braking performance shall meet the requirements for secondary brake systems given
in 4.5 and 4.7, as applicable. If there is a failure in any single component within the brake system — except for
tyres, drum or track — braking performance shall be in accordance with Table 3.
Acceptable performance is achieved for common brake control failure as follows. If there is a failure with a
common brake control (lever, pedal, etc.) used to actuate the combined service and secondary brake systems,
and there is another dynamic braking capability provided with the machine (e.g. parking brake with dynamic
braking capability), the dynamic braking capability shall stop the machine after the failure within 120 % of the
stopping distance for secondary brakes (under secondary test conditions) in accordance with Table 3. This
dynamic braking capability may be applied automatically and without modulation. An indication should be given
to the operator simultaneous with, or before, application of the brake system, if applied automatically.
4.3 Brake control systems
All brake system controls shall be capable of being applied by an operator from the operating position. Parking
brake system controls shall be arranged so that, unless immediately reapplied, they cannot be released once
applied.
Unintended brake control activation can be avoided through compliance with ISO 10968.
Brake control systems should be designed to avoid any unintended application or release of brakes during
normal operation. This does not preclude the automatic application of a brake system due to intended design
conditions that also meet the requirements of this International Standard.
The arrangement of the brake system controls should be in accordance with ISO 10968. If not, an instructional
sign shall be provided (e.g. using symbols) explaining the control arrangement. Brake pedals and hydrostatic
brake system controls are obvious and may not require machine instructions.
A brake control system shall prevent or minimize any uncontrolled braking performance (random brake
applications, releases or sporadic braking performance, etc.) during normal operation (start, stop or normal
travel operation of the machine, etc.).
Electric, electronic and electronic
...