SIST-TS BS OHSAS 18001:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS BS OHSAS 18001:2012
01-marec-2012
Sistem vodenja varnosti in zdravja pri delu - Zahteve
Occupational health and safety management systems - Requirements
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:
ICS:
03.100.01 Organizacija in vodenje Company organization and
podjetja na splošno management in general
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
SIST-TS BS OHSAS 18001:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TS BS OHSAS 18001:2012

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SIST-TS BS OHSAS 18001:2012
BS OHSAS 18001:2007
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT SERIES





Occupational health and safety
management systems – Requirements
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

™

raising standards worldwide

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SIST-TS BS OHSAS 18001:2012
BS OHSAS 18001:2007
National foreword
Publishing information
This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the official UK
implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007, which supersedes OHSAS 18001:1999.
BS OHSAS 18001 will be maintained in line with any changes to
OHSAS 18001, subject to the approval of BSI Technical Committee HS/1,
Occupational health and safety management, which collated the UK comments
on the second Working Draft of OHSAS 18001 and put forward its preferred
position.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
Contractual and legal considerations
In the UK, and Europe generally, there are various legal requirements for
occupational health and safety that apply to the potentially harmful effects of
work activities and which extend beyond the workplace to those affected by
workplace activities (see Note to 3.12 on the definition of occupational health
and safety). It is essential for the organization to take the matters addressed
by these legal requirements into account in establishing, implementing and
maintaining its OH&S management system – and in particular when
identifying hazards, assessing risks and determining controls (see 4.3.1
and 4.3.2). This standard ought therefore to be read in conjunction with
1)
BS 8800 and HSG 65, which give good practice guidance on complying with
such legal requirements in the UK.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
Publishing and copyright information
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
© BSI 2007
ISBN 978 0 580 59404 5
Publication history
First published July 2007
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. no. Date Text affected
1)
BS 8800, Occupational health and safety management systems – Guide, and HSG 65,
Successful health and safety management.

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BS OHSAS 18001:2007
Contents
Acknowledgement  ii
Foreword  iii
Introduction  v
1 Scope  1
2 Reference publications  1
3 Terms and definitions  2
4 OH&S management system requirements  5
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Correspondence between OHSAS 18001:2007,
ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 9001:2000  15
Annex B (informative) Correspondence between OHSAS 18001,
OHSAS 18002, and the ILO-OSH:2001 Guidelines on occupational
safety and health management systems  18
Bibliography  22
List of figures
Figure 1 – OH&S management system model for this OHSAS
Standard  vi
List of tables
Table A.1 – Correspondence between OHSAS 18001:2007,
ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 9001:2000  15
Table B.1 – Correspondence between the clauses of the OHSAS
documents and the clauses of the ILO-OSH Guidelines  20
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
pages i to viii, pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover.
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Acknowledgement
This edition of OHSAS 18001 has been developed with the assistance of the
following cooperating organizations:
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación (AENOR)
Association of British Certification Bodies (ABCB)
British Standards Institution (BSI)
Bureau Veritas
Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE), (Gerencia de la seguridad industrial)
Czech Accreditation Institute (CAI)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
DS Certification A/S
EEF the manufacturers’ organisation
ENLAR Compliance Services, Inc.
1)
Health and Safety Executive
Hong Kong Quality Assurance Agency (HKQAA)
Inspecta Certification
Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH)
Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación (IRAM)
Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC)
Instituto de Normas Técnicas de Costa Rica (INTECO)
Instituto Mexicano de Normalización y Certificación (IMNC)
Instituto Uruguayo de Normas Técnicas (UNIT)
ITS Consultants
Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA)
Japanese Standards Association (JSA)
Korea Gas Safety Corporation (ISO Certificate Division)
Lloyds Register Quality Assurance (LRQA)
Management Systems Certification Limited
National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI)
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut (NEN)
NPKF ELECTON
NQA
Quality Management Institute (QMI)
SABS Commercial (Pty) Ltd.
Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine (SNIMA)
SGS United Kingdom Ltd
SIRIM QAS International
SPRING Singapore
Standards Institution of Israel (SII)
Standards New Zealand (SNZ)
Sucofindo International Certification Services (SICS)
Swedish Industry Association (Sinf)
TÜV Rheinland Cert GmbH – TÜV Rheinland Group
Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ)
We would also like to recognize the invaluable contribution made by those many
organizations who took the time to review the working drafts of
OHSAS 18001, and who submitted comments for consideration. This helped us
greatly in improving the standard, and is much appreciated.
1)
As the regulatory authority responsible for health and safety in Great Britain,
the Health and Safety Executive would wish to make it clear that reliance on the
OHSAS Standard by organizations will not absolve them from compliance with
any of their legal health and safety obligations under the laws of England &
Wales, and Scotland.
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Foreword
This Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)
Standard and the accompanying OHSAS 18002, Guidelines for the
implementation of OHSAS 18001, have been developed in response to
customer demand for a recognizable occupational health and safety
management system standard against which their management systems
can be assessed and certified.
OHSAS 18001 has been developed to be compatible with the
ISO 9001:2000 (Quality) and ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental)
management systems standards, in order to facilitate the integration of
quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management
systems by organizations, should they wish to do so.
This OHSAS Standard will be reviewed or amended when considered
appropriate. Reviews will be conducted when new editions of either
ISO 9001 or ISO 14001 are published, to ensure continuing
compatibility.
This OHSAS Standard will be withdrawn on publication of its contents
in, or as, an International Standard.
This OHSAS Standard has been drafted in accordance with the rules
given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(OHSAS 18001:1999), which has been technically revised.
The principal changes with respect to the previous edition are as
follows.
• The importance of “health” has now been given greater emphasis.
• OHSAS 18001 now refers to itself as a standard, not a
specification, or document, as in the earlier edition. This reflects
the increasing adoption of OHSAS 18001 as the basis for national
standards on occupational health and safety management systems.
• The “Plan-Do-Check-Act” model diagram is only given in the
Introduction, in its entirety, and not also as sectional diagrams at
the start of each major clause.
• Reference publications in Clause 2 have been limited to purely
international documents.
• New definitions have been added, and existing definitions revised.
• Significant improvement in alignment with ISO 14001:2004
throughout the standard, and improved compatibility with
ISO 9001:2000.
• The term “tolerable risk” has been replaced by the term
“acceptable risk” (see 3.1).
• The term “accident” is now included in the term “incident”
(see 3.9).
• The definition of the term “hazard” no longer refers to “damage to
property or damage to the workplace environment” (see 3.6).
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It is now considered that such “damage” is not directly related to
occupational health and safety management, which is the purpose of
this OHSAS Standard, and that it is included in the field of asset
management. Instead, the risk of such “damage” having an effect on
occupational health and safety should be identified through the
organization’s risk assessment process, and be controlled through the
application of appropriate risk controls.
•Sub-clauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4 have been merged, in line with
ISO 14001:2004.
• A new requirement has been introduced for the consideration of
the hierarchy of controls as part of OH&S planning (see 4.3.1).
• Management of change is now more explicitly addressed
(see 4.3.1 and 4.4.6).
• A new clause on the “Evaluation of compliance” (see 4.5.2) has
been introduced.
• New requirements have been introduced for participation and
consultation (see 4.4.3.2).
• New requirements have been introduced for the investigation of
incidents (see 4.5.3.1).
This publication does not purport to include all necessary provisions of
a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with this Occupational Health and Safety
Assessment Series (OHSAS) Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.
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Introduction
Organizations of all kinds are increasingly concerned with achieving
and demonstrating sound occupational health and safety (OH&S)
performance by controlling their OH&S risks, consistent with their
OH&S policy and objectives. They do so in the context of increasingly
stringent legislation, the development of economic policies and other
measures that foster good OH&S practices, and increased concern
expressed by interested parties about OH&S issues.
Many organizations have undertaken OH&S “reviews” or “audits” to
assess their OH&S performance. On their own, however, these
“reviews” and “audits” may not be sufficient to provide an organization
with the assurance that its performance not only meets, but will
continue to meet, its legal and policy requirements. To be effective, they
need to be conducted within a structured management system that is
integrated within the organization.
The OHSAS Standards covering OH&S management are intended to
provide organizations with the elements of an effective OH&S
management system that can be integrated with other management
requirements and help organizations achieve OH&S and economic
objectives. These standards, like other International Standards, are not
intended to be used to create non-tariff trade barriers or to increase or
change an organization’s legal obligations.
This OHSAS Standard specifies requirements for an OH&S management
system to enable an organization to develop and implement a policy and
objectives which take into account legal requirements and information
about OH&S risks. It is intended to apply to all types and sizes of
organizations and to accommodate diverse geographical, cultural and
social conditions. The basis of the approach is shown in Figure 1. The
success of the system depends on commitment from all levels and
functions of the organization, and especially from top management. A
system of this kind enables an organization to develop an OH&S policy,
establish objectives and processes to achieve the policy commitments,
take action as needed to improve its performance and demonstrate the
conformity of the system to the requirements of this OHSAS Standard.
The overall aim of this OHSAS Standard is to support and promote good
OH&S practices, in balance with socio-economic needs. It should be
noted that many of the requirements can be addressed concurrently or
revisited at any time.
The second edition of this OHSAS Standard is focused on clarification
of the first edition, and has taken due consideration of the provisions of
ISO 9001, ISO14001, ILO-OSH, and other OH&S management system
standards or publications to enhance the compatibility of these
standards for the benefit of the user community.
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There is an important distinction between this OHSAS Standard, which
describes the requirements for an organization’s OH&S management
system and can be used for certification/registration and/or
self-declaration of an organization’s OH&S management system, and a
non-certifiable guideline intended to provide generic assistance to an
organization for establishing, implementing or improving an OH&S
management system. OH&S management encompasses a full range of
issues, including those with strategic and competitive implications.
Demonstration of successful implementation of this OHSAS Standard
can be used by an organization to assure interested parties that an
appropriate OH&S management system is in place.
Those organizations requiring more general guidance on a broad range
of OH&S management system issues are referred to OHSAS 18002. Any
reference to other International Standards is for information only.
Figure 1 OH&S management system model for this OHSAS Standard
Continual Improvement
OH&S policy
Management
review
Planning
Implementation
Checking and
and operation
corrective action
NOTE  This OHSAS Standard is based on the methodology known as
Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA). PDCA can be briefly described as follows.
• Plan: establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver
results in accordance with the organization’s OH&S policy.
• Do: implement the processes.
• Check: monitor and measure processes against OH&S policy,
objectives, legal and other requirements, and report the results.
• Act: take actions to continually improve OH&S performance.
Many organizations manage their operations via the application of a
system of processes and their interactions, which can be referred to as the
“process approach”. ISO 9001 promotes the use of the process approach.
Since PDCA can be applied to all processes, the two methodologies are
considered to be compatible.
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This OHSAS Standard contains requirements that can be objectively
audited; however it does not establish absolute requirements for OH&S
performance beyond the commitments, in the OH&S policy, to comply
with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to
which the organization subscribes, to the prevention of injury and ill
health and to continual improvement. Thus, two organizations carrying
out similar operations but having different OH&S performance can both
conform to its requirements.
This OH&S Standard does not include requirements specific to other
management systems, such as those for quality, environmental,
security, or financial management, though its elements can be aligned
or integrated with those of other management systems. It is possible for
an organization to adapt its existing management system(s) in order to
establish an OH&S management system that conforms to the
requirements of this OHSAS Standard. It is pointed out, however, that
the application of various elements of the management system might
differ depending on the intended purpose and the interested parties
involved.
The level of detail and complexity of the OH&S management system, the
extent of documentation and the resources devoted to it depend on a
number of factors, such as the scope of the system, the size of an
organization and the nature of its activities, products and services, and
the organizational culture. This may be the case in particular for small
and medium-sized enterprises.
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Occupational health and safety
management systems –
Requirements
1 Scope
This Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)
Standard specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety
(OH&S) management system, to enable an organization to control its
OH&S risks and improve its OH&S performance. It does not state
specific OH&S performance criteria, nor does it give detailed
specifications for the design of a management system.
This OHSAS Standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to:
a) establish an OH&S management system to eliminate or minimize
risks to personnel and other interested parties who could be
exposed to OH&S hazards associated with its activities;
b) implement, maintain and continually improve an OH&S
management system;
c) assure itself of its conformity with its stated OH&S policy;
d) demonstrate conformity with this OHSAS Standard by:
1) making a self-determination and self-declaration, or
2) seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an
interest in the organization, such as customers, or
3) seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external
to the organization, or
4) seeking certification/registration of its OH&S management
system by an external organization.
All the requirements in this OHSAS Standard are intended to be
incorporated into any OH&S management system. The extent of the
application will depend on such factors as the OH&S policy of the
organization, the nature of its activities and the risks and complexity of
its operations.
This OHSAS Standard is intended to address occupational health and
safety, and is not intended to address other health and safety areas such
as employee wellbeing/wellness programmes, product safety, property
damage or environmental impacts.
2 Reference publications
Other publications that provide information or guidance are listed in the
bibliography. It is advisable that the latest editions of such publications
be consulted. Specifically, reference should be made to:
OHSAS 18002, Occupational health and safety management
systems – Guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS 18001
International Labour Organization:2001, Guidelines on Occupational
Health and Safety Management Systems (OSH-MS)
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions
apply.
3.1 acceptable risk
risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the
organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own
OH&S policy (3.16)
3.2 audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining “audit
evidence” and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which
“audit criteria” are fulfilled
[ISO 9000:2005, 3.9.1]
NOTE 1  Independent does not necessarily mean external to the
organization. In many cases, particularly in smaller organizations,
independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for
the activity being audited.
NOTE 2  For further guidance on “audit evidence” and “audit criteria”,
see ISO 19011.
3.3 continual improvement
recurring process of enhancing the OH&S management
system (3.13) in order to achieve improvements in overall
OH&S performance (3.15) consistent with the organization’s (3.17)
OH&S policy (3.16)
NOTE 1  The process need not take place in all areas of activity
simultaneously.
NOTE 2  Adapted from ISO 14001:2004, 3.2.
3.4 corrective action
action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity (3.11) or
other undesirable situation
NOTE 1  There can be more than one cause for a nonconformity.
NOTE 2  Corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence whereas
preventive action (3.18) is taken to prevent occurrence.
[ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.5]
3.5 document
information and its supporting medium
NOTE  The medium can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical
computer disc, photograph or master sample, or a combination thereof.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.4]
3.6 hazard
source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human
injury or ill health (3.8), or a combination of these
3.7 hazard identification
process of recognizing that a hazard (3.6) exists and defining its
characteristics
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3.8 ill health
identifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising from and/or
made worse by a work activity and/or work-related situation
3.9 incident
work-related event(s) in which an injury or ill health (3.8) (regardless
of severity) or fatality occurred, or could have occurred
NOTE 1  An accident is an incident which has given rise to injury, ill
health or fatality.
NOTE 2  An incident where no injury, ill health, or fatality occurs may
also be referred to as a “near-miss”, “near-hit”, “close call” or “dangerous
occurrence”.
NOTE 3  An emergency situation (see 4.4.7) is a particular type of
incident.
3.10 interested party
person or group, inside or outside the workplace (3.23), concerned
with or affected by the OH&S performance (3.15) of an
organization (3.17)
3.11 nonconformity
non-fulfilment of a requirement
[ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.2; ISO 14001, 3.15]
NOTE  A nonconformity can be any deviation from:
• relevant work standards, practices, procedures, legal
requirements, etc.
• OH&S management system (3.13) requirements.
3.12 occupational health and safety (OH&S)
conditions and factors that affect, or could affect, the health and safety
of employees or other workers (including temporary workers and
contractor personnel), visitors, or any other person in the
workplace (3.23)
NOTE  Organizations can be subject to legal requirements for the health
and safety of persons beyond the immediate workplace, or who are
exposed to the workplace activities.
3.13 OH&S management system
part of an organization’s (3.17) management system used to develop
and implement its OH&S policy (3.16) and manage its OH&S
risks (3.21)
NOTE 1  A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to
establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.
NOTE 2  A management system includes organizational structure,
planning activities (including, for example, risk assessment and the
setting of objectives), responsibilities, practices, procedures (3.19),
processes and resources.
NOTE 3  Adapted from ISO 14001:2004, 3.8.
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3.14 OH&S objective
OH&S goal, in terms of OH&S performance (3.15), that an
organization (3.17) sets itself to achieve
NOTE 1  Objectives should be quantified wherever practicable.
NOTE 2  4.3.3 requires that OH&S objectives are consistent with the
OH&S policy (3.16).
3.15 OH&S performance
measurable results of an organization’s (3.17) management of its
OH&S risks (3.21)
NOTE 1  OH&S performance measurement includes measuring the
effectiveness of the organization’s controls.
NOTE 2  In the context of OH&S management systems (3.13), results can
also be measured against the organization’s (3.17) OH&S policy (3.16),
OH&S objectives (3.14), and other OH&S performance requirements.
3.16 OH&S policy
overall intentions and direction of an organization (3.17) related to its
OH&S performance (3.15) as formally expressed by top management
NOTE 1  The OH&S policy provides a framework for action and for the
setting of OH&S objectives (3.14)
NOTE 2  Adapted from ISO 14001:2004, 3.11.
3.17 organization
company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part
or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private,
that has its own functions and administration
NOTE  For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single
operating unit may be defined as an organization.
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.16]
3.18 preventive action
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.11) or
other undesirable potential situation
NOTE 1  There can be more than one cause for a potential nonconformity.
NOTE 2  Preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence whereas
corrective action (3.4) is taken to prevent recurrence.
[ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.4]
3.19 procedure
specified way to carry out an activity or a process
NOTE  Procedures can be documented or not.
[ISO 9000:2005, 3.4.5]
3.20 record
document (3.5) stating results achieved or providing evidence of
activities performed
[ISO 14001:2004, 3.20]
3.21 risk
combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or
exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health (3.8) that can be
caused by the event or exposure(s)
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3.22 risk assessment
process of evaluating the risk(s) (3.21) arising from a hazard(s), taking
into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding
whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable
3.23 workplace
any physical location in which work related activities are performed
under the control of the organization
NOTE  When giving consideration to what constitutes a workplace, the
organization (3.17) should take into account the OH&S effects on
personnel who are, for example, travelling or in transit (e.g. driving,
flying, on boats or trains), working at the premises of a client or customer,
or working at home.
4 OH&S management system
requirements
4.1 General requirements
The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain and
continually improve an OH&S management system in accordance with
the requirements of this OHSAS Standard and determine how it will fulfil
these requirements.
The organization shall define and document the scope of its OH&S
management system.
4.2 OH&S policy
Top management shall define and authorize the organization’s OH&S
policy and ensure that within the defined scope of its OH&S
management system it:
a) is appropriate to the nature and scale of the organization’s OH&S
risks;
b) includes a commitment to prevention of injury and ill health and
continual improvement in OH&S management and OH&S
performance;
c) includes a commitment to at least comply with applicable legal
requirements and with other requirements to which the
organization subscribes that relate to its OH&S hazards;
d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing OH&S
objectives;
e) is documented, implemented and maintained;
f) is communicated to all persons working under the control of the
organization with the intent that they are made aware of their
individual OH&S obligations;
g) is available to interested parties; and
h) is reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains relevant and
appropriate to the organization.
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4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and
determining controls
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a
procedure(s) for the ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment, and
determination of necessary controls.
The procedure(s) for hazard identification and risk assessment shall
take into account:
a) routine and non-routine activities;
b) activities of all persons having access to the workplace (including
contractors and visitors);
c) human behaviour, capabilities and other human factors;
d) identified hazards originating outside the workplace capable of
adversely affecting the health and safety of persons under the
control of the organization within the workplace;
e) hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by work-related
activities under the control of the organization;
NOTE 1  It may be more appropriate for such hazards to be assessed
as an environmental aspect.
f) infrastructure, equipment and materials at the workplace, whether
provided by the organization or others;
g) changes or proposed changes in the organization, its activities, or
materials;
h) modifications to the OH&S management system, including
temporary changes, and their impacts on operations, processes,
and activities;
i) any applicable legal obligations relating to risk assessment and
implementation of necessary controls (see also the NOTE to 3.12);
j) the design of work areas, processes, installations,
machinery/equipment, operating proce
...