SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
01-april-2009
1DGRPHãþD
SIST CR 13931:2001
&HQWULIXJDOQHþUSDONH6LOHLQPRPHQWLQDSULUREQLFDK&HQWULIXJDOQHPHãDQHLQ
DNVLDOQHþUSDONHVKRUL]RQWDOQLPLLQYHUWLNDOQLPLJUHGPL
Rotodynamic pumps - Forces and moments on flanges - Centrifugal, mixed flow and
axial flow horizontal and vertical shafts pumps
Rotodynamische Pumpen - Zulässige Flanschenkräfte und Momente - Kreiselpumpen,
Halbaxialaufpumpen und Axialpumpen mit horizontaler und verticaler Achse
Pompes rotodynamiques - Forces et moments applicables aux brides - Pompes
centrifuges, hélico-centrifuges et hélices à axes horizontal et vertical
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 13931:2009
ICS:
23.080 ýUSDONH Pumps
SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 13931
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
January 2009
ICS 23.080 Supersedes CR 13931:2000
English Version
Rotodynamic pumps - Forces and moments on flanges -
Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial flow horizontal and vertical
shafts pumps
Pompes rotodynamiques - Forces et moments applicables Rotodynamische Pumpen - Zulässige Flanschenkräfte und
aux brides - Pompes centrifuges, hélico-centrifuges et Momente - Kreiselpumpen, Halbaxialaufpumpen und
hélices à axes horizontal et vertical Axialpumpen mit horizontaler und verticaler Achse
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 13 October 2008. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 197.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 13931:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Contents Page
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Responsibilities of manufacturer and purchaser . 4
3.1 General . 4
3.2 Design considerations . 4
4 Criteria adopted in setting limiting forces and moments . 5
4.1 Shaft-end movement . 5
4.2 Distortion of the pump casing . 5
4.3 Validity of force and moment values – Effects of materials and temperature . 5
5 Horizontal shaft pumps . 6
5.1 Definition of pump families and summary of features . 6
5.2 Calculation of maximum permissible forces and moments . 11
5.3 Maximum permissible forces and moments on standardised or modular pump families . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 Composition of forces and moments . 14
5.3.3 Possibility of adapting the tables to other pumps of similar design . 14
5.4 Other horizontal pump families . 14
5.5 Practical considerations for horizontal shaft pumps . 14
6 Vertical shaft pumps . 15
6.1 Definition of pump families and summary of features . 15
6.1.1 Installation types. 15
6.1.2 Position(s) of flange(s) . 16
6.2 Calculation of maximum permissible forces and moments . 19
6.3 Maximum permissible forces and moments on pump flanges . 21
6.3.1 General . 21
6.3.2 Suspended shaft pumps generally used for transporting water ("for water") . 21
6.3.3 "In line" pumps . 22
6.4 Practical considerations for vertical shaft pumps . 22
Annex A (informative) Horizontal shaft pumps - Calculation of forces and moments for reinforced
and/or concrete mountings for families 2, 3.B, 3.C, 5.A, 5.B, 6, 7 and 8 . 23
Annex B (informative) Specifications relating to additional possibilities . 24
B.1 General . 24
B.2 Horizontal pumps only . 24
B.2.1 Pump stopped . 24
B.2.2 Reinforced and/or concrete mounting . 24
B.3 Horizontal and vertical pumps . 27
B.3.1 Prestressing on the pipework . 27
B.3.2 Weighting or compensation formula . 27
B.3.3 Limit of accumulation of possibilities . 28
Bibliography . 29

2

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 13931:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 197 “Pumps”, the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CR 13931:2000.
The pumps families are numbered sequentially, leaving room for the inclusion of additional types if required at a later
date:
1
 horizontal shaft pumps: N° 1 to 8 ;
1
 vertical shaft pumps: N° 20 to 36 .
The pump families are described and illustrated in Tables 2 and 5.
Annexes A and B are for information only.

1 Numbers 9 to 19 are reserved for potential new families of pumps.
3

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

1 Scope
This CEN Technical Report provides information for the calculation of maximum permissible forces and moments
allowed on the flanges of various types of horizontal and vertical shaft rotodynamic pumps, caused by the reaction to
pipework that is rigidly connected to the installation. This document does not take into account the effect of any elastic
or deformable linkages, such as bellows, elastic joints, self butting sliding joints, etc.
This CEN Technical Report is not applicable to multistage monobloc pumps, whose outlets are remote from the
installation plane, or to horizontal shaft pumps mounted vertically for installation reasons, such as, fixing to a vertical
wall.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 22858, End-suction centrifugal pumps (rating 16 bar) - Designation, nominal duty point and dimensions (ISO
2858:1975)
EN ISO 5199:2002, Technical specifications for centrifugal pumps - Class II (ISO 5199:2002)
API 610, Centrifugal pumps for general refinery service
3 Responsibilities of manufacturer and purchaser
3.1 General
The manufacturer should inform the purchaser of the family to which the equipment offered belongs.
The purchaser should calculate the loads applied to the pump at its flanges, considered for all possible relevant
conditions (at ambient temperature, at operating temperature, at rest, under pressure).
The purchaser should ensure that the values of these loads do not exceed the corresponding calculated limits for the
pump selected. If they do, the pipework should be modified to reduce the loads, or a different type of pump, capable of
withstanding higher loads, shall be selected.
Both parties should agree on the type of baseplate to be provided (conventional, reinforced, concrete, etc.).
The basic values given in Tables 2 and 5 and Annex B correspond to the most common sizes of pumps; for larger
sizes of pumps, the manufacturer shall indicate the limiting values.
3.2 Design considerations
Excessive loads transmitted to a pump by the piping can compromise smooth running and reduce the life of the pump,
the coupling and perhaps the motor bearings, increase the demand for maintenance and, in the extreme, will cause
failure. These adverse effects result from two distinct causes:
 displacement of the pump shaft end relative to that of the driver. The misalignment will overload the pump and
driver bearings and, when a flexible coupling is used, increase its rate of wear.
4

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

 distortion of the pump casing, changing the internal clearances between the fixed and rotating parts, thus
increasing wear and vibrations, sometimes leading to seizure. If mechanical seals are installed, parallelism of
the faces will be upset, causing leakage and rapid breakdown.
It is for these reasons that limits must be set to the external forces and moments acting on the flanges. Manufacturers
are responsible for verifying that the pump offered will operate satisfactorily when these limits are not exceeded.
4 Criteria adopted in setting limiting forces and moments
4.1 Shaft-end movement
The lateral displacement of the shaft-end, relative to a fixed point in space, is given in Table 1 for the various pump
families, as a function of shaft size.
Table 1 — Criteria for forces and moments limitations
Type of pump Families Shaft-end diameter Displacement
(mm) (mm)
Standard (N) 1A, 1B < 30 (N24) 0,15
Modular 3A 31-40 (N32) 0,20
4A, 4B > 40 (N42) 0,25
Other horizontal 2, 3B, 3C 0,125
≤ 50
Pumps 5A, 5B > 50 0,175
6, 7, 8A, 8B, 8C 0,175
> 50
Vertical pumps All All 0,150
(20A-36B)
4.2 Distortion of the pump casing
It is the responsibility of the pump manufacturer to verify that the loads applied on the flanges, in any of the
permitted combinations, do not cause greater changes in internal clearance or disturbances to the mechanical
seals than are allowed by his own design rules or those of the specifications imposed by the user, whichever are
the more stringent.
4.3 Validity of force and moment values – Effects of materials and temperature
Unless indicated otherwise, the values for forces and moments are given for the basic material for the pump family (see
Tables 2 and 5) and for a maximum permissible temperature as shown. For other materials and higher temperatures,
the values shall be corrected by applying the modulus of elasticity relation, namely:
E
tm

E
20b
where
E modulus of elasticity of the basic material at 20 °C
20b
5

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

E modulus of elasticity of the selected material at temperature t °C
t.m
For lamellar graphite cast iron, unalloyed steel and grade 18.8 stainless steel, refer to the graph in Figure 1.
t (°C)
Key
A Unalloyed steel
B Type 18.8 stainless steel
C Grey cast iron
Figure 1 — Variation of modulus of elasticity (E) as a function of temperature
5 Horizontal shaft pumps
5.1 Definition of pump families and summary of features
Pump families are defined on the basis of the most commonly used geometric configurations and the most frequent
operating conditions. They are numbered from 1 to 8, as listed and described in Table 2.
Pumps with characteristics different from those in Table 2 should be subject to agreement between the parties
concerned.
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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Table 2 — Characteristics of horizontal pump families
  Coefficients to
Additional
Family Technical limits  apply to basic
2)
possibilities
No. and General Picture and Material Remarks values
Number description

Allowable Working
Flange
of Forces Moment Reinforced Other
DN
max
pressure Temperature
stages
(N) (N.m) mounting
1)

bar °C



1.A

10 110 200 Cast iron x 0,50 X 0,50 yes no
1 stage (Outlet)

Dimensions

in

accordance


1.B
with

16 250 200 Cast x 1 x 1 yes no
Single stage, overhung EN 22858.
1 stage (Outlet) steel
bearing frame; feet on
casing; mounted at
base level.

Axial inlet; outlet

vertical on pump
2
centreline.
10 110 500 Cast iron x 0,40 x 0,40 yes no
1stage





   Pump
3.A   similar to
30 300 200 Cast EN 22858 x 1,2 x 1,2 yes no
(Outlet) steel but with
1 stage casing
mounted at

centreline

level.
Single stage, overhung
bearing frame; feet on
casing; mounted at
centreline level.
Axial inlet; outlet
vertical on pump
centreline.









3.B

   Equipment
1 stage 55 430 350 Cast in x 0,85 (- 500) yes yes
or steel accordance on every
2 stages with API axis x 1
610.




Single or two stage,
overhung bearing
frame; feet on casing;
mounted at centreline
level.
Axial or overhead inlet;
outlet vertical.
7

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CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Table 2 (continued)
  Coefficients to
Additional
Family Technical limits  apply to basic
2)
possibilities
No. and General Picture and  values
Number description Material Remarks

Allowable Working
Reinforce
Flange
of Forces Moment Other
d
pressure Temperature
DN
max
stages
(N) (N.m)
mounting
bar °C
1)







3.C   Equipment
   in
1 stage 55 530 450 Cast accordance x 1 x 1 yes yes

steel with API

610.
Single stage, impeller

between bearings; feet
on casing; mounted at
centreline level.

Inlet vertical; outlet
vertical.






4.A Cast iron x 0,35 x 0,35 yes no




10 110 200


Single stage, overhung

bearing frame; feet on

bearing frame;
Cast x 0,60 x 0,60 yes no
mounted at base level.
4.B steel

Axial inlet; outlet
vertical on pump
centreline or tangential.





5.A






1 stage
Single or two stage;
or 20 110 600 Cast iron x 0,40 x 0,30 no no
2 stages impeller between
bearings; horizontal
joint plane; feet on
casing; mounted at

base level.


Inlet and outlet
perpendicular to shaft
axis.
8

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Table 2 (continued)

Coefficients to
Additional
Family Technical limits
apply to basic 2)
possibilities
No. and General Picture and Material Remarks
values
Number description
Flange

Allowable Working
of
DN
max
Forces Moment Reinforced Other
stages pressure Temperature
(N) (N.m) mounting
1)
bar °C










5.B   Equipment
   in
120 175 450 Cast accordance x 1 x 1 yes yes
steel with API
1 stage 610.
or
2 stages





Single or two stage;
impeller between
bearings; horizontal
joint plane; feet on
casing; mounted at
base level.

Inlet and outlet
perpendicular to shaft
axis.









6




Multi- 15 110 150 Cast iron x 0,30 (- 500) no no

stage on

resulting

x 0,35
Multi-stage; impellers

between bearings;

vertical joint plane; feet

on casing mounted at
base level.

Inlet and outlet
perpendicular to shaft
axis.

9

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CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Table 2 (end)

Coefficients to
Additional
Family Technical limits
apply to basic 2)
possibilities
No. and General Picture and
values
Number description Material Remarks


Allowable Working
of stages
Flange
Forces Moment Reinforced Other
1)
pressure Temperature
DN
max
(N) (N.m) mounting
bar °C







7

40 175 150 Cast x 0,72 (- 500) no no

steel on

resulting
Multi-stage; impellers
Multistage x 0,84
between bearings;

vertical joint plane; feet

on casing; mounted at

centreline level.

Inlet and outlet
perpendicular to shaft
axis.



8.A

3 to 5   x 1 x 1 yes yes
stages




   Equipment

Muti-stage; impellers   in
8.B
between bearings;
  Cast accordance
6 to 10 horizontal joint plane; 150 175 350 steel with API x 1 x 0,75 yes yes
stages feet on casing mounted 610.
at centreline or base

level.



Inlet and outlet
8.C
perpendicular to shaft

axis.
11 to 15 x 1 x 0,50 yes yes
stages

1) In family 7, with brackets on ground, divide index by 1,2 or:
- Forces: x 0,6;
- Moments: (- 500 N.m) on resulting x 0,7.
2) For additional possibilities, see Annex B.
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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

5.2 Calculation of maximum permissible forces and moments
The basic values are given in Tables 3 or 4 depending on the pump family. These values are given for normal
operation of the pump and are valid for conventional mounting.
The maximum permissible forces and moments are calculated by applying to the basic values the coefficients as
given in Table 2 for the pump family.
It should be noted that the maximum forces and moments derived from basic values in Table 3 are applied in a
different manner to those derived from Table 4. See 5.3 and 5.4.
In some cases, there are additional possibilities which allow an increase in the maximum values of forces and
moments to be offered. These are described in Annex B.
11

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Table 3 – Basic values of force and moments for horizontal pumps – Conventional mounting (pump
families 1.A, 1.B, 3.A, 4.A and 4.B)

Forces (N) Moments (N.m)
4)
DN DN DN
A
Inlet Outlet Impeller

1) 2)
3)
F F ∑∑ M
Key v h ∑∑∑∑ F ∑∑ t
1  shaft
   9,5 50 32 125 2 500 1 900 3 150 400
Axial inlet.   8 50 32 160 2 500 1 900 3 150 350
   8 50 32 200 2 500 1 900 3 150 350
  10 50 32 250 2 500 1 900 3 150 400
Vertical  12 65 40 50 125 2 700 2 000 3 350 450
outlet on  11 65 40 50 160 2 700 2 000 3 350 450
axis of pump.  10,5 65 40 200 2 700 2 000 3 350 400
  14 65 40 250 2 700 2 000 3 350 500
  13 65 40 315 2 700 2 000 3 350 500
  16 80 50 65 125 2 900 2 100 3 600 550
  16 80 50 65 160 2 900 2 100 3 600 550
  14 80 50 200 2 900 2 100 3 600 600
  18,5 80 50 250 2 900 2 100 3 600 650
  17,5 80 50 315 2 900 2 100 3 600 650
  25 100 65 80 125 3 600 2 500 4 400 900
  27 100 65 80 160 3 600 2 500 4 400 950
  25,5 100  65 200 3 600 2 500 4 400 900
  25,5 100  65 250 3 600 2 500 4 400 900
  27 100  65 315 3 600 2 500 4 400 950
  38 125  80 160 5 000 3 100 5 900 1 400
  34 125  80 200 4 500 2 900 5 350 1 200
  34,5 125  80 250 4 500 2 900 5 350 1 250
  35  125  80 315 4 500 2 900 5 350 1 250
  39,5 125  80 400 5 100 3 150 6 000 1 450
  49 125  100  200 6 400 3 800 7 450 1 900
  50,5 125  100  250 6 600 4 000 7 700 2 050
  48 125  100 315 6 200 3 700 7 200 1 850
  44 125  100  400 5 700 3 400 6 650 1 650
  67,5 150  125  250 9 000 5 800 10 700  3 100
  63 150  125  315 8 300 5 200 9 700 2 800
  62 150  125  400 8 200 5 100 9 650 2 750
  74 200  150  250 10 000 6 500 11 950  3 500
  74 200  150  315 10 000 6 500 11 950  3 500
  74 200  150  400 10 000  6 500 11 950  3 500
2
1)    +  ≤
F F F
z out z in v
3
(out = outlet, in = inlet)
2 2 2 2
2) + + + ≤ .
F
h
F F F F
x in y in x out y out

2 2 2 2 2 2
3) + + + + + ≤ .
M
t
M M M M M M
x in y in z in x out y out z out

mass (kg) × DN out
4) A =
D impeller (mm)

12

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 13931:2009
CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

Table 4 – Basic values of force and moments for horizontal pumps – Conventionnal mounting (Pump
families 2, 3.B, 3.C, 5.A, 5.B, 6, 7, 8.A, 8.B and 8.C)

Forces (N) Moments (N.m)
DN
Flanges
1)


F F F M M M
Key y z x ∑∑∑∑ F y z x ∑∑∑∑ M
1  shaft
40 1 000 1 250 1 100 1 950 900 1 050 1 300 1 900
50 1 350 1 650 1 500 2 600 1 000 1 150 1 400 2 050
80 2 050 2 500 2 250 3 950 1 150 1 300 1 600 2 350
Horizontal 100 2 700 3 350 3 000 5 250 1 250 1 450 1 750 2 600
pump 150 4 050 5 000 4 500 7 850 1 750 2 050 2 500 3 650
200 5 400 6 700 6 000 10 450 2 300 2 650 3 250 4 800
Top branch 250 6 750 8 350 7 450 13 050 3 150 3 650 4 450 6 550
300 8 050 10 000 8 950 15 650 4 300 4 950 6 050 8 900
z-Axis 350 9 400 11 650 10 450 18 250 5 500 6 350 7 750 11 400
400 10 750 13 300 11 950 20 850 6 900 7 950 9 700 14 300
450 12 100 14 950 13 450 23 450 8 500 9 800 11 950 17 600
500 13 450 16 600 14 950 26 050 10 250 11 800  14 450 21 300
550 14 800 18 250 16 450 28 650 12 200 14 050 17 100 25 300
600 16 150 19 900 17 950 31 250 14 400 16 600 20 200 29 900
40 1 250 1 000 1 100 1 950 900 1 050 1 300 1 900
50 1 650 1 350 1 500 2 600 1 000 1 150 1 400 2 050
80 2 500 2 050 2 250 3 950 1 150 1 300 1 600 2 350
Horizontal 100 3 350 2 700 3 000 5 250 1 250 1 450 1 750 2 600
pump 150 5 000 4 050 4 500 7 850 1 750 2 050 2 500 3 650
200 6 700 5 400 6 000 10 450 2 300 2 650 3 250 4 800
Side branch 250 8 350 6 750 7 450 13 050 3 150 3 650 4 450 6 550
300 10 000 8 050 8 950 15 650 4 300 4 950 6 050 8 900
y-Axis 350 11 650 9 400 10 450 18 250 5 500 6 350 77 500 11 400
400 13 300 10 750 11 950 20 850 6 900 7 950 9 700 14 300
450 14 950 12 100 13 450 23 450 8 500 9 800 11 950 17 600
500 16 600 13 450 14 950 26 050 10 250 11 800 14 450 21 300
550 18 250 14 800 16 450 28 650 1 220 14 050 17 100 25 300
600 19 900 16 150 17 950 3 125 14 400 16 600 20 200 29 900
40 1 100 1 000 1 250 1 950 900 1 050 1 300 1 900
50 1 500 1 350 1 650 2 600 1 000 1 150 1 400 2 050
80 2 250 2 050 2 500 3 950 1 150 1 300 1 600 2 350
Horizontal 100 3 000 2 700 3 350 5 250 1 250 1 450 1 750 2 600
Pump 150 4 500 4 050 5 000 7 850 1 750 2 050 2 500 3 650
200 6 000 5 400 6 700 10 450 2 300 2 650 3 250 4 800
End branch 250 7 450 6 750 8 350 13 050 3 150 3 650 4 450 6 550
300 8 950 8 050 10 000 15 650 4 300 4 950 6 050 8 900
x-Axis 350 10 450 9 400 11 650 18 250 5 500 6 350 7 750 11 400
400 11 950 10 750 13 300 20 850 6 900 7 950 9 700 14 300
450 13 450 12 100 14 950 23 450 8 500 9 800 11 950 17 600
500 14 950 13 450 16 600 26 050 10 250 11 800 14 450 21 300
550 16 450 14 800 18 250 28 650 12 200 14 050 17 100 25 300
600 17 950 16 150 19 900 31 250 14 400 16 600 20 200 29 900
1) For DN exceeding 600, agreement is to be reached between purchaser and manufacturer/supplier on the values of forces and moments.

13

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CEN/TR 13931:2009 (E)

5.3 Maximum permissible forces and moments on standardised or modular pump
families
5.3.1 General
This applies to all pump families with basic values obtained from Table 3.
The values for forces and moments apply to all pump flanges all together and not to each flange separately.
Maximum permissible deformations are given in Table 1.
5.3.2 Composition of forces and moments
Whatever the direction of application of the forces and moments and their distribution on the pump flanges, the
maximum permissible values remain within the framework of the following formula:
2 2 2
     
Σ  Σ  Σ 
F F M
v h t
     
+ + ≤ 1
     
max max max
F F M
v h t
     

F max, F max, M max being the values given by the tables;
v h t
∑F , ∑F , ∑M, being the algebric sums of the absolute values of the actual (or applied) loads to the
v h t
pump flanges.
These sums do not take account of the direction of the stresses or of the distribution
on each flange.
NOTE This formulation leaves the user completely free as regards the distribution of the various loads on the pump
flanges, in the knowledge that the maximum value for each of the loads cannot be achieved simultaneously.
5.3.3 Possibility of adapting the tables to other pumps of similar design
The maximum permissible values on flanges are tabulated in Annex B of EN ISO 5199:2002 for many pump families
according to their dimensions and conditions of installation.
If any pumps have no characteristics mentioned in these tables, the manufacturer/supplier is authorized to consider
them as similar in one of the families of his choice, either a particular agreement should be signed between the buyer
and the manufacturer/supplier for every particular case.
5.4 Other horizontal pump families
This applies to all pump families with basic values obtained from Table 4.
The values for maximum forces and moments apply to each flange taken separately.
5.5 Practical considerations for horizontal shaft pumps
A pump is not a static unit attached to pipework, but a precision machine, inside which a moving part turns at high
speed, and which has tight clearances and high precision sealing devices as mechanical fittings. It is, therefore
important, to stay below the maximum load
...