SIST ETS 300 384:1999

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.NYHQþQRPRGXODFLMRRadio broadcasting systems; Very High Frequency (VHF), frequency modulated, sound broadcasting transmitters33.170Televizijska in radijska difuzijaTelevision and radio broadcasting33.060.20Sprejemna in oddajna opremaReceiving and transmitting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETS 300 384 E13SIST ETS 300 384:1999en01-VHSWHPEHU-19993SIST ETS 300 384:1999SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST ETS 300 384:1999



EUROPEANETS 300 384TELECOMMUNICATIONJanuary 1995STANDARDSource: EBU/ETSI JTCReference: DE/JTC-VHFTXICS:33.060Key words:Audio, broadcasting, FM, transmitter, VHFEBUUEREuropean Broadcasting UnionUnion Européenne de Radio-TélévisionRadio broadcasting systems;Very High Frequency (VHF), frequency modulated,sound broadcasting transmittersETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards InstituteETSI SecretariatPostal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCEOffice address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCEX.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.frTel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and theforegoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved.© European Broadcasting Union 1995. . All rights reserved.SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 2ETS 300 384: January 1995Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 3ETS 300 384: January 1995ContentsForeword.51Scope.72Normative references.73Definitions and abbreviation.83.1Definitions.83.2Abbreviations.84Technical requirements.94.1Characteristics of RF interface ports.94.2Transmitter input configuration.94.3Transmitter output characteristics.94.4Frequency range.104.5Frequency stability.104.5.1Frequency error.104.5.2Frequency drift.104.6Frequency adjustment.104.7Unwanted frequency shift.104.8Frequency deviation.104.9Overdeviation.104.10Deviation sensitivity stability.114.11Unwanted emissions.114.11.1Spurious emissions.114.11.2Out-of-band emissions - stereophonic transmitters.114.11.3Out-of-band emissions - monophonic transmitters.114.12Amplitude Modulation (AM).114.12.1Synchronous AM (AM due to FM).114.12.2Hum and noise (residual AM).124.13Test load characteristics.125Operating and test conditions.135.1Normal operating and test conditions.135.2Extreme operating and test conditions.13Annex A (normative):Stereo test encoder for pilot tone system, audio and multiplex parameters.18A.1Introduction.18A.2Input parameters.18A.2.1Audio inputs.18A.2.2Auxiliary inputs.18A.2.2.1Impedance.18A.2.2.2Gain.18A.3Pilot signal.18A.3.1Pilot tone.18A.3.2Pilot tone output.18A.3.3External pilot synchronising.19A.4Output.19A.4.1MPX coded signal.19A.4.2Level of the MPX coded signal.19A.4.3Spurious frequencies.19SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 4ETS 300 384: January 1995A.5Non linear distortion.20A.5.1Harmonic distortion of the encoder.20A.5.2Base-band frequency intermodulation products of the encoder.20A.5.3Distortion products of the decoder.20A.6Signal to Noise ratio (S/N).20A.6.1Unweighted S/N.20A.6.2Weighted S/N.20A.7Linear distortion.20A.7.1AF channel amplitude difference.20A.7.2Auxiliary input.20A.8Linear crosstalk.21A.8.1Crosstalk attenuation between the M and S channels.21A.8.2Crosstalk attenuation between the two AF channels.21Annex B (normative):RF Spectrum measurements to detect excessive spectrum pollution due toabnormal AF - input levels.22B.1Measuring arrangement.22B.2Measuring procedure.22B.3Presentation of the results.22Annex C (informative):General conditions of operation.23C.1Temperature in the operating room.23C.2Relative humidity in the operating room.23C.3Cooling air temperature.23C.4Relative humidity of the air entering the cooling system up to 25°C.23C.5Air pressure.23C.6Immunity against mechanical vibrations airborne or air pressure.23C.7Immunity against electric field strength within the broadcasting bands.23C.8Immunity against magnetic field strength.23C.9Mains voltage.23C.10Mains frequency.23Annex D (normative):Reverse intermodulation measurements.24D.1Scope of annex.24D.2Measurement arrangement.24D.3Principle of measurement.24D.4Measurement routine.25Annex E (informative):Bibliography.26History.27SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 5ETS 300 384: January 1995ForewordThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced under the authority of the JointTechnical Committee (JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).This ETS defines the performance characteristics of Very High Frequency (VHF), frequency modulated,monophonic and stereophonic sound broadcasting transmitters operating in the frequency band 87,5 MHzto 108 MHz.NOTE:The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of ETSs in thespecific fields of radio, television and data broadcasting. The EBU is a professionalassociation of broadcasting organizations whose work includes co-ordination of itsMembers activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in theEuropean broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva,European Broadcasting UnionCase Postale 67CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)SwitzerlandTel:+44 22 7172111Fax:+44 22 7985897SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 6ETS 300 384: January 1995Blank pageSIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 7ETS 300 384: January 19951ScopeThis European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) covers those performance requirements for Very HighFrequency (VHF) Frequency Modulation (FM) sound broadcasting transmitters operating in the frequencyband 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz, and modulated in accordance with CCIR Recommendation 450-1 [1], whichhas some bearing on the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. Monophonic signals are transmitted inaccordance with section 1, and stereophonic signals in accordance with section 2.2 (pilot tone system) ofCCIR Recommendation 450-1 [1]. This ETS also covers the transmission of supplementary signals asdescribed in CCIR Recommendation 450-1 [1] and/or EN 50067 [2].This ETS considers only those technical characteristics that relate to the radiated signal and hencedirectly affect the efficient use of RF spectrum.The use of CCIR Recommendation 412-5 [3] for planning sound broadcasting services is assumed.Spurious and out-of-band emission limits specified in figures 1 and 3 respectively are incorporated toprotect both aeronautical navigation and communication services operating in the frequency band108 MHz to 137 MHz and rebroadcast reception in the frequency band 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz.In those areas where reliance on a transmitter specification alone cannot guarantee protection of the RFspectrum (e.g. reverse intermodulation), recommendations appropriate to installed systems are describedin ETSI Technical Report (ETR) 132 [8].Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) aspects for equipment covered by this ETS are given in ETS 300447 (see annex E, bibliography).2Normative referencesThis ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicationsapply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, thelatest edition of the publication referred to applies.[1]CCIR Recommendation 450-1 (1982): "Transmission standards for FM soundbroadcasting at VHF".[2]EN 50067: "Specification of the Radio Data System (RDS)".[3]CCIR Recommendation 412-5 (1990): "Planning standards for FM soundbroadcasting at VHF".[4]IEC 244-1: "General conditions of measurements, frequency, output power".[5]IEC 244-2: "Bandwidth, out of band power and power of non-essentialoscillations".[6]EN 60244-13: "Methods of measurements for radio transmitters, Performancecharacteristics for FM sound broadcasting".[7]CCIR Recommendation 468-4 (1986): "Measurement of audio frequency noisevoltage levels in sound broadcasting".[8]ETR 132: "Code of practice for site engineering of VHF, frequency modulated,sound broadcasting transmitters".SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 8ETS 300 384: January 19953Definitions and abbreviation3.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this ETS the following definitions apply:out-of-band emissions: Emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessarybandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.spurious emissions: Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidthand the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information.Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products andfrequency conversion products but exclude out of band emissions.unwanted emissions: Consist of spurious emissions and out of band emissions.signal L: Signal L corresponds to the information in the left channel.signal R: Signal R corresponds to the information in the right channel.sum signal M: M=(L+R)/2; this information is also the signal for the monophonic receiver.difference signal S: S=(L-R)/2; this information allows the stereo-receiver to regain signals L and R inconjunction with the M signal.Multiplex (MPX) signal: This signal contains all information, including the pilot tone and anysupplementary signal which is used to frequency modulate the VHF FM transmitter.stereo subcarrier: The subcarrier (38 kHz) converts the S signal to the carrier-frequency position(23 kHz - 53 kHz).pilot tone: The pilot tone (19 kHz) is used to regain the stereo subcarrier in the stereo-receiver.Radio Data System (RDS): RDS is a signal containing information on programmes and broadcastingnetwork as defined in EN 50067 [2]. This signal is carried by a subcarrier at 57 kHz, amplitude modulatedby the encoded data with suppressed carrier in a frequency band of ± 2,4 kHz.supplementary signal: This signal can operate in the range between 53 kHz and 76 kHz, according toCCIR Recommendation 450-1 [1].3.2AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:AFAudio FrequencyAMAmplitude ModulationEMCElectro Magnetic CompatibilityFMFrequency ModulationISSInterfering Signal SourceMPXMultiplexRDSRadio Data SystemRFRadio Frequencyrmsroot mean squareS/NSignal to NoiseTUTTransmitter Under TestVHFVery High FrequencySIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 9ETS 300 384: January 19954Technical requirementsThe transmitter shall be tested:-at its rated output power, as declared by the manufacturer;-into a load as defined in subclause 4.13 a), unless otherwise stated.The transmitter operating at any frequency in the range 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz shall comply with therequirements of this clause.If the transmitter incorporates RDS, then the transmission shall be in accordance with CCIRRecommendation 450-1 [1] and EN 50067 [2]. If the transmitter incorporates any other form ofsupplementary signal(s), then the transmission shall be in accordance with CCIR Recommendation450-1 [1].The method of measurement for the parameters listed in the following subclauses shall be in accordancewith EN 60244-13 [6], IEC 244-1 [4] and IEC 244-2 [5], unless otherwise stated.4.1Characteristics of RF interface portsAll RF output ports designated to interface with other equipment shall operate into a nominal impedanceof 50 W.All RF input ports designated to interface with other equipment shall have a nominal impedance of 50 Wwhen driven in accordance with the manufacturers specifications.4.2Transmitter input configurationIf the transmitter does not incorporate a stereo encoder and is intended for stereo operation then a testencoder to the specification given in annex A shall be used.If the transmitter is designed only for monophonic transmissions (i.e. without an MPX input) out-of-bandemissions shall be tested in accordance with subclause 4.11.3.4.3Transmitter output characteristicsThe carrier output power shall be within ± 1,0 dB of the rated output power under normal operatingconditions as defined in subclause 5.1. The carrier output power under extreme conditions, as defined insubclause 5.2, shall be within +2,0 dB and -3,0 dB of the rated output power.The transmitter shall be capable of delivering its rated RF output power into an antenna with an inputreturn loss of ³ 16 dB at all phase angles.The transmitter shall be capable of operating without damage into loads including open and short circuits,and may shut down or operate at reduced RF output power level to meet this requirement.The reverse intermodulation performance at the operating frequency or frequencies of the transmittershall be measured according to the method described in annex D. The frequency offset of the interferingsource shall be varied over the range 300 kHz to 20 MHz maximum on both sides of the carrier, but shallremain within the range 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz.The reverse intermodulation shall not exceed -10 dB at all frequency offsets within the above range.SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 10ETS 300 384: January 19954.4Frequency rangeThe transmitter shall operate within the range 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz. The preferred operating frequenciesshall be multiples of 100 kHz. If 100 kHz channel spacing is not used the actual channel spacing shall bedeclared by the manufacturer.4.5Frequency stability"Frequency error" and "frequency drift" are defined in IEC 244-1 [4], sections 5.2.5 and 5.2.6 respectively.4.5.1Frequency errorThe carrier frequency shall be maintained within ± 2 kHz of its nominal value, under normal and extremeoperating conditions as defined in clause 5.4.5.2Frequency driftThe stability of the carrier frequency shall be better than ± 300 Hz within a three month period whenmeasured under identical operating conditions at the start and end of the period.4.6Frequency adjustmentThe carrier frequency shall be adjustable to an accuracy of ± 50 Hz.4.7Unwanted frequency shiftThis subclause applies to transmitters incorporating frequency control loops.To prevent unwanted frequency shift, the transmitter shall incorporate the means by which the RF outputis automatically muted if the carrier frequency generation circuits develop a fault which would result in aloss of frequency control.In the case of a carrier frequency change, the RF output shall be muted during the tuning process.The muting suppression shall be at least 50 dB, or the output power shall be reduced to £ 1mW,whichever value results in the lowest emission.4.8Frequency deviationNot withstanding subclauses 4.9 and 4.10 below, the maximum peak frequency-deviation of the installedtransmitter system, including limiting equipment which may be external to the transmitter (see note) shallnot exceed ± 75 kHz under normal operating conditions as specified in clause 5. Also the parametersspecified in section 2.3 of CCIR Recommendation 412-5 [3] and section 2.2 of CCIR Recommendation450-1 [1] shall be fulfilled.NOTE:For further information see ETR 132 [8].4.9OverdeviationThis subclause verifies that any non linearities in the transmitter do not cause excessive out-of-bandemissions when the transmitter is subjected to abnormal Audio Frequency (AF) input levels. Under theseconditions it is possible that the RF spectrum will be unacceptably polluted, even though the deviation maynot exceed ± 75 kHz.SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 11ETS 300 384: January 1995The test conditions shall be as follows:a)the transmitter shall be modulated with a sinusoidal input tone. The input level shall be adjusted toobtain a frequency deviation of ± 32 kHz for monophonic transmissions, and to ± 40 kHz forstereophonic transmissions including pilot tone;b)the output level of the AF generator shall be increased by 12 dB. The resulting transmitter RFoutput spectrum shall not exceed the levels shown in figure 4 when measured using a 1 kHzresolution bandwidth.The measuring procedures are given in annex B.4.10Deviation sensitivity stabilityThe deviation sensitivity (MHz/volt) of the transmitter shall remain within ± 3% of the manufacturer'sdeclared value over the range of normal and extreme operating conditions specified in clause 5.However for frequency-agile transmitters intended for operation under remote or automatic frequencycontrol (e.g. "N+1" systems), and operating on any frequency within the range 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz, thedeviation sensitivity (MHz/volt) of the transmitter shall remain within ± 5% of the manufacturer's declaredvalue.4.11Unwanted emissionsThe following requirements shall be met when operating into the relevant test loads as defined insubclause 4.13 and as applied in accordance with table 1.4.11.1Spurious emissionsSpurious emissions shall not exceed:a)the limits set out in figure 1 in the frequency range 87,5 MHz to 137 MHz;b)the limits set out in figure 2 at any other frequency in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz.4.11.2Out-of-band emissions - stereophonic transmittersThe measurements for out-of-band emissions shall be carried out in accordance with EN 60244-13 [6],using procedures specified for stereophonic operation.The effective value of the out-of-band emission shall not exceed the values shown in figure 3.4.11.3Out-of-band emissions - monophonic transmittersThis test shall be applied to transmitters without an MPX input. The measurements shall be carried out inaccordance with EN 60244-13 [6] using the procedures specified for monophonic operation.The effective value of the out-of-band emission shall not exceed the values shown in figure 3.4.12Amplitude Modulation (AM)4.12.1Synchronous AM (AM due to FM)The permitted level of AM due to FM shall not exceed 2% for a peak deviation of ± 40 kHz at a modulationfrequency of 500 Hz. The measurement shall be carried out in accordance with EN 60244-13 [6], section8.3.2.SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 12ETS 300 384: January 19954.12.2Hum and noise (residual AM)The permitted level of residual AM in the absence of modulation shall not exceed 1% when measured in abandwidth of 20 Hz to 20 kHz (unweighted). The measurement shall be carried out in accordance with EN60244-13 [6], section 8.3.1.4.13Test load characteristicsFor measurements detailed in table 1, the transmitter shall be required to operate into:a)a precision load with a return loss of ³ 26 dB in frequency range 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz and ³16 dBat all other frequencies up to 1 000 MHz;b)a narrow band load with band pass characteristics as follows:-return loss ³ 26 dB over the range ¦c ± 100 kHz;-return loss £ 0,5 dB outside the range ¦c ± 1 MHz;where ¦c = transmitter carrier frequency;c)a load with return loss of (16 ± 1) dB over the range ¦c ± 500 kHz for all phase angles.NOTE:This phase requirement can be met in practice by changing the phase of the reflectionin steps of 90°.Table 1: Test applicability tableMeasurementTypes of loadsubclause 4.11.1spurious emissionssubclause 4.11.2and subclause 4.11.3out of band emissionsload a)testtestload b)testno testload c)testtestSIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 13ETS 300 384: January 19955Operating and test conditionsThe requirements in this ETS shall be met with the transmitter operated at any point within the normalranges described in subclause 5.1. Tests need only be carried out on certain parameters where indicatedin clause 4 at the two extremes of these ranges.The requirements in this ETS shall be met with the transmitter operated at any point within the extremeranges described in subclause 5.2. Tests need only be carried out on certain parameters where indicatedin clause 4 at the two extremes of these ranges.5.1Normal operating and test conditions-ambient temperature:15°C to 30°C;-mains voltage:Voltage:Uo + 6% to -10%Frequency:49 Hz to 51 HzDistortion:£10%where Uo is the nominal single or three phase supply voltage, as declared by the manufacturer;-altitude:£ 3 000 metres above sea level;-warm-up period:20 minutes, except 1 hour for frequency stability;-humidity:£ 90% RH non condensing with the transmitter at a higher temperature than the ambient temperature.5.2Extreme operating and test conditions-ambient temperature:0°C to 40°C;-mains voltage:Uo + 6% to -10%;where Uo is the nominal single or three phase supply voltage.Outside these operating conditions additional requirements may be needed to ensure compliance with thisETS. Annex C gives some guidance on the range of conditions which may be found throughout Europe.SIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 14ETS 300 384: January 1995Transmitter carrier powerLimitsrelativeto carrierpower-40-50-60-70-80-90-20-100102030405060
dBW0,01 W0,1 W1 W10 W100 W1 kW10 kW100 kW1 MWdBc0,25 µW1 mW25 µWFigure 1: Limits for spurious emission within the frequency range 87,5 to 137 MHzTransmitter carrier powerLimitsrelativeto carrierpower-40-50-60-70-80-90-20-100102030405060dBW0,01 W0,1 W1 W10 W100 W1 kW10 kW100 kW1 MWdBc0,25 µW1 mWFigure 2: Limits for all spurious emissions in the frequency ranges 30 MHz to 87,5 MHz and137 MHz to 1 GHzSIST ETS 300 384:1999



Page 15ETS 300 384: January 1995dBc/Hz
(see note 2)Noise powerrelative tocarrier0-10-20-30-40-50-60-70-80-90-100-110-120-130-140-150-160-1700,10,20,3125see note 1Frequencyoffset
+ (MHz)CarrierfrequencyfcNOTE 1:The far-out of band emissions are influenced by transmitter output filter/combinernetworks. Measurements should be made with these in place, where necessary.NOTE 2:The measurement bandwidth is 1 kHz; this curve is obtained by subtracting 30 dB fromthe measured values.NOTE 3:Under certain circumstances, arising at a small minority of sites, this curve may notguar
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