Safety of laser products - Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of information

This document is applicable to products that emit laser radiation for the purpose of free space optical data transmission.
This document does not apply to laser products designed for the purposes of transmitting optical power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment. This document also does not apply to the use of laser products in explosive atmospheres (see IEC 60079-0). Light-emitting diodes employed by free space optical communication systems, used for the purpose of free space optical data transmission, do not fall into the scope of this document.
NOTE If the laser product incorporates an optical fibre that extends from the confinements of the enclosure, the requirements in IEC 60825-2 applies.

Sicherheit von Lasereinrichtungen - Teil 12: Sicherheit von optischen Freiraumkommunikationssystemen für die Informationsübertragung

Sécurité des appareils à laser - Partie 12 : Sécurité des systèmes de communication optiques en espace libre utilisés pour la transmission d'informations

IEC 60825-12:2022 La présente partie s'applique aux appareils qui émettent un rayonnement laser à des fins de transmission optique de données en espace libre.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux appareils à laser conçus dans le but de transmettre un flux énergétique optique pour des applications telles que le traitement des matériaux ou le traitement médical. Le présent document ne s'applique pas non plus à l'utilisation des appareils à laser en atmosphères explosives (voir l’IEC 60079-0). Les diodes électroluminescentes utilisées par les systèmes de communication optique en espace libre, pour la transmission optique de données en espace libre, ne relèvent pas du domaine d’application du présent document.

Varnost laserskih izdelkov - 12. del: Varnost optičnih komunikacijskih sistemov v prostem prostoru, ki se uporabljajo za prenos informacij

General Information

Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
26-Jan-2022
Current Stage
5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
Start Date
11-Oct-2022
Due Date
29-Nov-2022
Completion Date
08-Dec-2022

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60825-12:2022
01-januar-2022
Varnost laserskih izdelkov - 12. del: Varnost optičnih komunikacijskih sistemov v
prostem prostoru, ki se uporabljajo za prenos informacij
Safety of laser products - Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems
used for transmission of information
Sicherheit von Lasereinrichtungen - Teil 12: Sicherheit von optischen
Freiraumkommunikationssystemen für die Informationsübertragung
Sécurité des appareils à laser - Partie 12 : Sécurité des systèmes de communication
optiques en espace libre utilisés pour la transmission d'informations
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60825-12:2021
ICS:
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
33.180.01 Sistemi z optičnimi vlakni na Fibre optic systems in
splošno general
oSIST prEN IEC 60825-12:2022 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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76/687/CDV

COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60825-12 ED3
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2021-11-05 2022-01-28
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
76/655/CD, 76/663A/CC

IEC TC 76 : OPTICAL RADIATION SAFETY AND LASER EQUIPMENT
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
United States of America Mr William Ertle
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:

TC 108
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any,
in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for
Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.

This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they
are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

TITLE:
Safety of laser products - Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for
transmission of information

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026

NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:

Copyright © 2021 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.

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1
2 CONTENTS
3
4 FOREWORD . 4
5 INTRODUCTION . 6
6 1 Scope . 7
7 2 Normative references . 7
8 3 Terms and definitions . 7
9 4 Assessment of access level . 12
10 4.1 General . 12
11 4.2 Determination of access level and the use of Condition 2 . 12
12 4.3 Access level 1 and 1M . 14
13 4.4 Access level 2 and 2M . 14
14 4.5 Access level 3R . 15
15 4.6 Access level 3B . 15
16 4.7 Access level 4 . 15
17 4.8 Time base . 15
18 5 Classification and evaluation of access level . 16
19 5.1 General . 16
20 5.2 Impact of using automatic power reduction features . 16
21 5.3 Automatic power reduction mechanisms (APR) . 16
22 5.3.1 General . 16
23 5.3.2 APR performance requirements . 17
24 5.4 Installation protection systems (IPS) . 18
25 6 Access level and classification requirements by location type . 18
26 6.1 General . 18
27 6.2 Requirements for unrestricted locations . 21
28 6.2.1 General . 21
29 6.2.2 Use of access level 1M and access level 2M FSOCS equipment in unrestricted
30 locations . 23
31 6.2.3 Use of access level 3R FSOCS equipment in unrestricted locations . 25
32 6.3 Requirements for restricted locations . 26
33 6.3.1 General . 26
34 6.3.2 Use of access level 3R FSOCS equipment in restricted locations . 26
35 6.4 Requirements for controlled locations . 27
36 6.4.1 General . 27
37 6.4.2 Use of access level 3B and access level 4 FSOCS equipment in controlled
38 locations . 28
39 6.5 Requirements for inaccessible space . 28
40 6.6 Specular reflections . 28
41 7 Organizational requirements . 29
42 7.1 Requirements for manufacturers of ready-to-use FSOCS transmitter or turn key
43 systems . 29
44 7.1.1 General . 29
45 7.1.2 Additional manufacturer’s instructions . 29
46 7.2 Installation and service organization requirements . 30

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47 7.3 Operating organization requirements . 31
48 8 Marking . 32
49 8.1 General . 32
50 8.2 Marking of aperture for transmitter . 34
51 8.3 Durability – Indelibility requirements for safety markings . 34
52 8.4 Warning for invisible radiation . 34
53 Annex A (informative) Rationale . 35
54 Annex B (informative) Clarification of the meaning of “access level” . 36
55 B.1 General . 36
56 B.2 Class . 36
57 B.3 Access level . 36
58 Annex C (informative) Examples of applications and calculations . 37
59 C.1 Examples of NHZ and ENHZ . 37
60 C.2 Viewing a specular (mirror-like) reflection . 39
61 C.3 Example of divergent, diffuse IR transmitter . 39
62 C.4 FSOCS link between two restricted locations . 40
63 C.5 Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) . 43
64 Annex D (informative) Methods of hazard/safety analysis . 47
65 Annex E (informative) Guidance for installing, servicing and operating organizations . 48
66 E.1 Working practices for FSOCSs. 48
67 E.1.1 General . 48
68 E.1.2 General working practices . 48
69 E.1.3 Additional working practices for Class/access level 1M, 2M, 3R, 3B and 4
70 systems . 48
71 E.2 Education and training . 49
72 Bibliography . 50
73
74 Figure 1 – Commercial structures . 19
75 Figure 2 – Residential areas . 20
76 Figure 3 – Examples of external location types . 22
77 Figure 4 – Access level 1M or 2M transmitter near edge of unrestricted rooftop . 24
78 Figure 5 – Access level 1M transmitter in unrestricted location . 25
79 Figure 6 – Access level 3R transmitter in restricted location . 27
80 Figure C.1 Link between two widely separated locations . 41
81 Figure C.2 Unmanned Aerial System with FSOCS . 44
82 Figure C.3 Grounded FSOCS installed to the ground . 45
83 Figure C.4 Grounded FSOCS installed to the controlled location . 45
84
85 Table 1 – Measurement aperture diameters and distances for the default (simplified)
86 evaluation . 13
87 Table 2 – Restrictions for the use of FSOCS based on their access levels . 21
88 Table 2 – Requirements for warning signs . 31
89 Table 4 – Marking requirements . 33
90 Table. C.1 Allowed access levels and installation requirements . 46

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91 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
92 ____________
93
94 SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
95
96 Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems
97 used for transmission of information
98
99 FOREWORD
100 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national
101 electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all
102 questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities,
103 IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS)
104 and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC
105 National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental
106 and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with
107 the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between
108 the two organizations.
109 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus
110 of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National
111 Committees.
112 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in
113 that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC
114 cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
115 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to
116 the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and
117 the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
118 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment
119 services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by
120 independent certification bodies.
121 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this document.
122 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of
123 its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any
124 nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication,
125 use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
126 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this document. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable
127 for the correct application of this document.
128 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights.
129 IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
130 International Standard IEC 60825-12 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76: Optical
131 radiation safety and laser equipment.
132 This third edition cancels and replaces the Ed 2.0 published in 2019, and constitutes a technical revision.
133 This third edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition
134 2.0:
135 a) Where relevant and appropriate references to IEC 60825-1 have been changed to a specific dated
136 reference i.e. IEC 60825-1: 2014.
137 b) Condition 2 has been changed from 7 mm aperture stop and 70 mm distance to,
138 - For wavelengths less than 1 400 nm, 3,5 mm aperture stop and 35 mm distance,
139 - For wavelengths equal to or greater than 1 400 nm, 3,5 mm aperture stop and 14 mm distance.
140 c) For wavelengths between 1 200 nm and 1 400 nm, an additional limitation is required equal to the
141 equivalent radiant power of the skin MPE. C7 has therefore been revised in accordance with IEC
142 60825-1:2014, but with this additional limitation related to the skin MPE; see 4.2.
143 d) Additional detail added regarding time base, see 4.8.

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144 e) Additional clarification added to Clause 8 regarding the content and formatting of labels.
145 f) Annex A has been added, providing a rationale for the differences in approach between this
146 document and IEC 60825-1:2014.
147 g) Annex B has been added, providing clarification of the meaning of the term “access level”.
148 h) Worked examples have been added for a variety of scenarios, see annexes C.1 to C.4.
149 i) Annex C.5 has been added on UAS, unmanned aerial systems.
150
151 The text of this document is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/XX/FDIS 76/XX/RVD
152
153 Full information on the voting for the approval of this document can be found in the report on voting
154 indicated in the above table.
155 This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
156 The list of all parts of the IEC 60825 series, published under the title Safety of laser products, can be
157 found on the IEC website.
158 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability
159 date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific
160 document. At this date, the document will be
161 • reconfirmed,
162 • withdrawn,
163 • replaced by a revised edition, or
164 • amended.
165
166 The National Committees are requested to note that for this document the stability date is 2024.
167 THIS TEXT IS INCLUDED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND WILL BE DELETED AT THE
168 PUBLICATION STAGE.
169
170

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171 INTRODUCTION
172 The objective of this document is to:
173  protect people from optical radiation emitted by FSOCSs;
174  safety requirements and guidance for the design, manufacture and use of laser products or laser
175 systems, which emit laser radiation for the purpose of free space optical data transmission;
176  guidance for installation, operation, maintenance and service to assure the safe deployment and
177 use of such laser systems.
178 This document only addresses the open beam portion of the laser product or laser system.
179 This document places the responsibility for certain product safety requirements, as well as requirements
180 for providing appropriate information on how to use these systems safely, on the manufacturer of the
181 system or the transmitters. It places the responsibility for the safe deployment and use of these systems
182 on the installer or the operating organization. It places the responsibility for adherence to safety
183 instructions during installation and service operations on the installation and service organizations as
184 appropriate, and during operation and maintenance functions on the operating organization. It is
185 recognized that the user of this document may fall into one or more of the categories of manufacturer,
186 installer, service organization and/or operating organization as mentioned above.
187 Annex A gives a more detailed rationale for this document, and some examples are given in Annex C.
188

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189 SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
190
191 Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems
192 used for transmission of information
193
194 1 Scope
195 This document is applicable to products that emit laser radiation for the purpose of free space optical
196 data transmission.
197 This document does not apply to laser products designed for the purposes of transmitting optical power
198 for applications such as material processing or medical treatment. This document also does not apply
199 to the use of laser products in explosive atmospheres (see IEC 60079-0). Light-emitting diodes
200 employed by free space optical communication systems, used for the purpose of free space optical data
201 transmission, do not fall into the scope of this document.
202 NOTE If the laser product incorporates an optical fibre that extends from the confinements of the enclosure, the requirements
203 in IEC 60825-2 applies.
204 2 Normative references
205 The following documents are referred to in the text such a way that some or all of their content
206 constitutes requirement of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
207 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
208 IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
209 IEC 60825-2, Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems
210 3 Terms and definitions
211 For the purposes of this document, the terms and conditions contained in IEC 60825-1:2014 as well as
212 the following terms and definitions apply.
213 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
214
215  IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
216  ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
217
218 3.1
219 access level
220 potential hazard at any accessible position associated with a free space optical communication system
221 (FSOCS) installation
222 Note 1 to entry: The access level is based on the level of laser radiation which could become accessible in reasonably
223 foreseeable circumstances, e.g. walking into an open beam path. It is closely related to the laser classification procedure in
224 IEC 60825-1. The meaning of access level is clarified in Annex B.
225 Note 2 to entry: Practically speaking, it takes two or more seconds to fully align an optical aid with a beam (which might occur
226 in an unrestricted location), and this delay is incorporated into the method for determining access level.
227 3.2
228 access level 1
229 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
230 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
231 for access level 1 as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will not exceed the accessible emission limits
232 of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration, with additional constraints as defined
233 4.3

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234 Note 1 to entry: The “additional constraints” mentioned above refer to additional and stricter constraints that 4.3 of this
235 document places on the values specified in IEC 60825-1:2014 for the accessible emission limits of Class 1 in the wavelength
236 range 1 200 to 1 400 nm.
237 3.3
238 access level 1M
239 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
240 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
241 for access level 1M as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will not exceed the accessible emission
242 limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission, with additional constraints as defined 4.3
243 Note 1 to entry: The “additional constraints” mentioned above refer to additional and stricter constraints that 4.3 of this
244 document places on the values specified in IEC 60825-1:2014 for the accessible emission limits of Class 1 in the wavelength
245 range 1 200 to 1 400 nm.
246 3.4
247 access level 2
248 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
249 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
250 for access level 2 as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will not exceed the accessible emission limits
251 of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration, with additional constraints as defined
252 4.4
253 3.5
254 access level 2M
255 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
256 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
257 for access level 2M as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will not exceed the accessible emission
258 limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration, with additional constraint as
259 defined 4.4
260 3.6
261 access level 3R
262 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
263 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
264 for access level 3R as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will not exceed the accessible emission
265 limits of Class 3R for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration, with additional constraints as
266 defined 4.5
267 Note 1 to entry: The “additional constraints” mentioned above refer to additional and stricter constraints that 4.2.2.4 of this
268 document places on the values specified in IEC 60825-1:2014 for the accessible emission limits of Class 1 in the wavelength
269 range 1 200 to 1 400 nm.
270 3.7
271 access level 3B
272 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
273 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
274 for access level 3B as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will not exceed the accessible emission
275 limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration
276 3.8
277 access level 4
278 assigned hazard at any accessible location within a FSOCS at which, under any reasonably foreseeable
279 event, human access to laser radiation (accessible emission), evaluated by the measurement conditions
280 for access level 4 as defined in Clause 4 of this document, will exceed the accessible emission limits of
281 Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration
282 Note 1 to entry: This document is applicable for the operation and maintenance of FSOCS. In order to achieve an adequate
283 level of safety for persons who may come into contact with the optical transmission path, access level 4 is not permitted within
284 this document. It is permitted to use protection systems, such as automatic power reduction (APR, see 3.10) or installation
285 protection system (IPS: see 3.18), to achieve the required access level where the transmitted power under any operating
286 conditions (e.g. normal and fault operation) exceeds that permitted for a particular location type. For instance, it is possible for
287 accessible parts of an FSOCS to be access level 1 even though the power transmitted down the free space under normal
288 operating conditions is Class 4.

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289 3.9
290 aperture for transmitter
291 aperture portion of FSOCS through which the beam for transmission is emitted
292 3.10
293 automatic power reduction
294 APR
295 feature of a transmitter of an FSOCS, provided by the system equipment manufacturer, by which the
296 accessible power in the nominal hazard zone (NHZ) or extended nominal hazard zone (ENHZ) is
297 reduced to a specified value within a specified time
298 Note 1 to entry: The term “automatic power reduction” (APR) used in t
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