SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52931:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52931:2021
01-november-2021
Aditivna proizvodnja kovin - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - Splošna načela za
uporabo kovinskih materialov (ISO/ASTM DIS 52931:2021)
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - General principles
for use of metallic materials (ISO/ASTM DIS 52931:2021)
Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umweltschutz, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Allgemeine
Grundsätze für die Verwendung metallischer Materialien (ISO/ASTM DIS 52931:2021)
Fabrication additive - Santé et sécurité environnementale - Lignes directrices
normalisées pour l'utilisation de matériaux métalliques (ISO/ASTM DIS 52931:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO/ASTM 52931
ICS:
13.020.01 Okolje in varstvo okolja na Environment and
splošno environmental protection in
general
13.030.30 Posebni odpadki Special wastes
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52931:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52931:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52931
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-09-09 2021-12-02
Additive manufacturing of metals — Environment, health
and safety — General principles for use of metallic
materials
ICS: 13.020.01; 13.100; 13.030.30; 25.030
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/ASTM DIS 52931:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021

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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/ASTM International 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/ASTM International 2021 – All rights reserved

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Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviations . 2
4 Methodology . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Chemical hazard methodology . 4
5 Source data . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Input products and by-products . 4
5.2.1 Safety data sheet . 4
5.2.2 Product technical datasheet . 5
5.3 Process . 5
5.3.1 General. 5
5.3.2 Means of storage and implementation . 5
5.4 Feedback from experience . 5
5.4.1 Incident reports . 5
5.4.2 Technical and normative watch . 6
5.4.3 Measurement reports and analyses . 6
6 Risk assessment . 6
6.1 Identification of hazards . 6
6.2 Chemical Safety Cards . 6
6.2.1 General. 6
6.2.2 Identification of hazards related to inputs . 7
6.2.3 Hazards related to substances generated during additive manufacturing .11
6.2.4 Hazards related to fire and explosion .11
6.3 Identification of exposing situations .11
6.4 Characterization and risk rating .16
6.4.1 General.16
6.4.2 Rating of risks related to contamination, inhalation or skin contact .16
6.4.3 Rating the risks related to explosion .17
7 Prevention and protective measures .18
7.1 General .18
7.2 Workplaces .18
7.2.1 Floors and walls .18
7.2.2 Air flow .19
7.2.3 Fire .19
7.2.4 Electric .20
7.2.5 Powder storage .20
7.2.6 Best practices for workplaces for personnel .21
7.3 Process .21
7.4 Organization .21
7.4.1 General.21
7.4.2 Training of personnel.22
7.4.3 Information for personnel .22
7.4.4 Limitation of exposed personnel .22
7.4.5 Reduction of exposure .22
7.4.6 Personal protective equipment .22
7.5 Waste management .24
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7.5.1 General.24
7.5.2 Contaminated filters .24
7.5.3 Waste from immersion vacuums and cleaning systems .25
7.5.4 General dry powder waste .25
Annex A (informative) Safety Data Sheet .26
Annex B (informative) Definition of limit values .28
Annex C (informative) Hazards related to fire and explosion .29
Annex D (informative) Overview of OEL for substances .31
Bibliography .35
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership
agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM
standards on Additive Manufacturing.
This is the first edition of this document.
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Introduction
The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes with metallic feedstock entails a number of hazards.
It is therefore important, as a first step, to implement a high level of protection during manufacturing
and installation of the additive manufacturing machine or plant. For this purpose, ISO/ASTM 52938-1
dealing with safety of LB-PBF machines is under preparation.
In addition, the users of additive manufacturing plants have to reduce the risks for the operators
remaining after installation so that they fulfil the nationally or regionally pertinent regulations for
health and safety at work. The latter are very different worldwide and the requirements of a standard
cannot fully reflect them. For users of additive manufacturing plants, the guidelines and requirements
of ISO/ASTM 52931 are, therefore, particularly relevant with regard to aspects not sufficiently covered
by pertinent national or regional regulations for safety and health at work.
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52931:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM DIS 52931:2021(E)
Additive manufacturing of metals — Environment, health
and safety — General principles for use of metallic
materials
1 Scope
This document provides a guide and requirements for risk assessment and implementation of
prevention and protection measures relating to additive manufacturing with powders.
The risks covered by this document concern all sub-processes composing the manufacturing process,
including the management of waste.
This document does not specify requirements for the design of machinery/equipment used for additive
manufacturing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11611, Protective clothing for use in welding and allied processes
ISO 14116, Protective clothing — Protection against flame — Limited flame spread materials, material
assemblies and clothing
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Terminology
ISO/ASTM 52907:2019, Additive manufacturing — Feedstock materials — Methods to characterize metal
powders
IEC 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres — Part 10-1: Classification of areas — Explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 60079-10-2, Explosive atmospheres — Part 10-2: classification of areas — Combustible dust
atmospheres
EN 2, Classification of fires
EN 166, Personal eye-protection
ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection
NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
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3.2 Abbreviations
The abbreviations and acronyms used in this document are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviation Signification
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
AHU Air Handling Unit
AM Additive Manufacturing
ATEX ATmospheres EXplosives
CLP Classification, Labelling, Packaging
CMR Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or Reprotoxic
EChA European Chemicals Agency
GHS Globally Harmonized System
HSE Health-Safety-Environment
MSD MusculoSkeletal Disorder
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
OEL Occupational Exposure Limit
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
REACh Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of CHemicals
UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
4 Methodology
4.1 General
The method described in this document allows to the user to assess the HSE risk considering the
following:
— metallic powders used,
— AM process,
— AM system installation conditions,
— applicable good practices and
— feedback from experience.
The methodology is based on a characterization of physical hazards (e.g. fire and explosion), hazards to
the health of the operator or the potentially exposed third parties and to the environment. The overall
approach to risk assessment and implementation of prevention measures is illustrated in Figure 1 and
detailed in Table 2.
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Figure 1 — Overall approach to risk assessment and implementation of prevention measures
Table 2 — Description of the HSE risk prevention process
Aspects taken into
Main steps Factors / measures
account
Source data Input products and by-prod- Safety data sheets, products implemented with clas-
ucts sification, toxicity and granulometry, Instruction
handbooks, Current regulations
Process Means (premises and work equipment) implemented
for the storage, transport and processing of inputs
Feedback from experience Measurement, analysis, medical follow-up, incident
reports, supervision of technology and regulation
Risk assessment Identification of hazards Identification of the inherent hazards of the inputs
and by-products generated at the different stages of
the process and the exposing situations
Identification of exposing Identification of tasks and activities with potential
situations for exposures at the different stages of the process
including accidental exposure
Characterization and risk Characterization and rating of the risks to health,
rating safety and environment
Verification of Organizational Workplace Layout, performance of containment, airflow / venti-
measures lation, air monitoring function
Process Raw material, work equipment, capture performance,
sealing, filtration cleanliness, level of reliability of
detection functions, controls, category of risks related
to explosion,…
Organization Procedures, process flow, level of training, PPE, med-
ical follow-up, monitoring of premises and equipment
Waste management Waste collection, storage and disposal. Spill prevention
and containment
Verification of prevention and Tests and validation of pre- Sampling, atmospheric dosimetry, surface measure-
protection measures ventive measures ments, adequacy audit
Registration of initial state Ambient measurement
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Table 2 (continued)
Aspects taken into
Main steps Factors / measures
account
Supervision Monitoring of the production Monitoring and management of workplace / process /
process organization modification, regulatory and technological
monitoring, Sampling, atmospheric dosimetry, area of
surface contamination
4.2 Chemical hazard methodology
The steps for assessing and controlling the risk of exposure to hazardous chemical agents are described
in Figure 2:
Figure 2 — Main steps of a chemical risks prevention process
5 Source data
5.1 General
Applicable local regulations shall be considered (see Directive 89/391/EEC, in Europe, and OSHA, in
USA).
5.2 Input products and by-products
5.2.1 Safety data sheet
See information given in Annex A.
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5.2.2 Product technical datasheet
The product technical datasheet should also contain information about particle size distribution.
Technical specification of metal powders should be provided in accordance with ISO/ASTM 52907:2019,
Annex A.
5.3 Process
5.3.1 General
The instructions for proper installation, use and maintenance of the machine shall be followed. The
user should ensure that the combination of feedstock and machine has been taken into account. The end
user shall perform a specific risk assessment, preferably with the support of the machine manufacturer
and of the supplier of the feedstock(s).
5.3.2 Means of storage and implementation
For the regular use of metallic powders, national regulations and organisational policies related
to hazardous substances shall be observed. This would include registering of the material in the
organization and risk assessments for the individual processes performed with the material based on
information from the safety data sheets. This would provide hierarchical control for the following, as a
minimum:
— powder identification;
— storage location;
— storage requirements (legal aspects, safety aspects and powder quality aspects);
— manual handling requirements;
— maximum volume/s of powder for each process;
— use of ancillary equipment (wet separators etc),
— housekeeping requirements;
— PPE requirements.
5.4 Feedback from experience
5.4.1 Incident reports
When an incident occurs for an operator of a facility, the company shall provide to the inspector of
the facilities a report analysing the causes of the incident, its effects and consequences on people and
the environment. The description in the incident report shall contain the equipment involved in the
incident:
When an incident occurs for an operator of a facility, the company should provide a report analysing
the causes of the incident, its effects and consequences on people and the environment. The description
useful for in the incident report is:
— description of the process and its equipment: implementation, products involved, operating
conditions in normal operation, procedures, rules, control operations, maintenance, cleaning, etc;
— security measures (prevention, protection), procedures, qualifications, training;
— circumstances, context and chronology of the incident:
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— operating context before and during the incident, product condition, identification of deviations
from normal, testimonials, latest interventions (maintenance, control, inspections, interviews,
work, other incidents.);
— chronology of events and incident management (interveners present, actions carried out, date/
time,.);
— miscellaneous findings;
— characterization of the consequences:
— experimental characterization to remove doubts (measurement, incident reproduction, product
characterization);
— characterization by modelling (e.g. fire in an AM workplace);
— recommendations: prevention, detection, protection, management of activities.
5.4.2 Technical and normative watch
Technical and/or normative documents should be available, reviewed and the AM process updated as
needed within a period of less than 2 months from the dates of publication.
5.4.3 Measurement reports and analyses
All emission measurements, either on receipt of the equipment or in normal operation, as well as the
history of exposure measurements are useful feedback for risk assessment or re-assessment.
If the risk assessment shows that there is at least one exposure situation subject to a regulatory OEL,
exposure levels shall be controlled in accordance with the regulations.
NOTE Currently, there are no known common cases in the field of AM with metallic materials requiring the
intervention of an accredited body, but this cannot be excluded.
6 Risk assessment
6.1 Identification of hazards
All dangerous chemicals shall be identified. The prevention approach consists in systematically
identifying the presence of such products and any working situation in which operators and other
personnel might be exposed.
6.2 Chemical Safety Cards
6.2.1 General
For AM workspaces and feeds
...