SIST EN 62509:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62509:2011
01-november-2011
Lastnosti in delovanje fotonapetostnih krmilnikov za polnjenje baterij (IEC
62509:2010)
Battery charge controllers for photovoltaic systems - Performance and functioning
Leistung und Funktion von Photovoltaik-Batterieladereglern
Contrôleurs de charge de batteries pour systèmes photovoltaïques - Performance et
fonctionnement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62509:2011
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
SIST EN 62509:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 62509:2011

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SIST EN 62509:2011

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62509

NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 27.160


English version


Battery charge controllers for photovoltaic systems -
Performance and functioning
(IEC 62509:2010)


Contrôleurs de charge de batteries pour Leistung und Funktion von Photovoltaik-
systèmes photovoltaïques - Batterieladereglern
Performance et fonctionnement (IEC 62509:2010)
(CEI 62509:2010)





This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-01-20. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels


© 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62509:2011 E

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SIST EN 62509:2011
EN 62509:2011 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 82/614/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62509, prepared by IEC TC 82, Solar
photovoltaic energy systems, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 62509 on 2011-01-20.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with EN 62093.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-03-02
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-01-20
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62509:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________

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SIST EN 62509:2011
- 3 - EN 62509:2011
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 61836 - Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, - -
definitions and symbols


IEC 62093 - Balance-of-system components for EN 62093 -
photovoltaic systems - Design qualification
natural environments

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SIST EN 62509:2011

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SIST EN 62509:2011
IEC 62509
®
Edition 1.0 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE


Battery charge controllers for photovoltaic systems – Performance and
functioning

Contrôleurs de charge de batteries pour systèmes photovoltaïques –
Performance et fonctionnement

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
U
CODE PRIX
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-88912-307-0
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN 62509:2011
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CONTENTS
FOREW ORD . 4
1 Sc o pe . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Functionality and performance requirements of a PV BCC . 8
4.1 Ge n eral . 8
4.2 Applicability of requirements . 8
4.3 Battery lifetime protection requirements . 9
4.3.1 Prevent leakage current from battery to PV generator . 9
4.3.2 Basic battery charging functions . 9
4.3.3 Charging regime . 9
4.3.4 Set-point security . 10
4.3.5 Load disconnect capability . 11
4.4 Energy performance requirements . 11
4.4.1 Stand by self-consumption . 11
4.4.2 BCC efficiency . 11
4.5 Protection and fail safe requirements . 11
4.5.1 Thermal performance . 11
4.5.2 Overcurrent operation . 12
4.5.3 PV generator and battery reverse polarity . 12
4.5.4 Open circuit on battery terminals (no battery connection) . 12
4.6 User interface requirements . 12
4.6.1 General . 12
4.6.2 Operational information. 12
4.6.3 User adjustable set-points and parameters . 13
4.6.4 Alarms . 13
5 Tests . 13
5.1 General conditions for tests. 13
5.1.1 Setup and preconditioning for tests . 13
5.1.2 DC power sources for testing . 14
5.1.3 General test setup . 14
5.1.4 Reverse current test setup . 15
5.1.5 Charging cycle test setup . 16
5.1.6 Efficiency, thermal performance and PV overcurrent test setup . 18
5.2 Battery lifetime protection tests . 19
5.2.1 Battery to PV generator leakage current test . 19
5.2.2 Charging cycle tests . 19
5.2.3 Load disconnect / load reconnect test . 20
5.3 Energy performance tests . 21
5.3.1 Standby self-consumption test . 21
5.3.2 Efficiency test . 22
5.4 Protection and fail safe tests . 22
5.4.1 Thermal performance test . 22
5.4.2 PV overcurrent protection test . 23
5.4.3 Load over current protection test . 23
5.4.4 Battery reverse polarity test. 24

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SIST EN 62509:2011
62509 Ó IEC:2010 – 3 –
5.4.5 PV generator reverse polarity test . 24
5.4.6 Battery open circuit test . 25
5.5 User interface tests . 25
Annex A (informative) Battery charging guideline . 27

Figure 1 – General test setup . 15
Figure 2 – Reverse current test setup . 16

Table 1 – Requirements for self consumption . 11
Table A.1 – Battery charging setpoint guideline . 27

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

BATTERY CHARGE CONTROLLERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS –
PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONING


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62509 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar
photovoltaic energy systems.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62093.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
82/614/FDIS 82/623/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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SIST EN 62509:2011
62509 Ó IEC:2010 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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SIST EN 62509:2011
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BATTERY CHARGE CONTROLLERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS –
PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONING



1 Scope
This International Standard establishes minimum requirements for the functioning and
performance of battery charge controllers (BCC) used with lead acid batteries in terrestrial
photovoltaic (PV) systems. The main aims are to ensure BCC reliability and to maximise the
life of the battery. This standard shall be used in conjunction with IEC 62093, which describes
test and requirements for intended installation application. In addition to the battery charge
control functions, this Standard addresses the following battery charge control features:
· photovoltaic generator charging of a battery,
· load control,
· protection functions,
· interface functions.
This standard does not cover MPPT performance, but it is applicable to BCC units that have
this feature.
This standard defines functional and performance requirements for battery charge controllers
and provides tests to determine the functioning and performance characteristics of charge
controllers. It is considered that IEC 62093 is used to determine the construction
requirements for the intended installation which includes but is not limited to aspects such as
the enclosure, physical connection sturdiness and safety.
This standard was written for lead acid battery applications. It is not limited in terms of the
BCC capacity to which it may be applied, however, the requirements for test equipment when
applied to BCC with high voltage or current, for example, greater than 120 V or 100 A, may be
difficult to achieve. These approaches may be applicable to other power sources and other
battery technologies like Ni-Cd batteries by using the corresponding values of cell voltages.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 61836, Solar photovoltaic energy systems – Terms, definitions and symbols
IEC 62093, Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems – Design qualification
natural environments
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61836 apply as well
as the following.
3.1
battery charge controller (BCC)
an electronic device/s that controls the charging and discharging of the battery in a
photovoltaic energy system. The charge control function may be included as a subsystem
within another product.

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SIST EN 62509:2011
62509 Ó IEC:2010 – 7 –
3.2
bulk charge
initial charging stage aimed at restoring the battery charge as fast as possible, in which all the
available charging current from the PV generator, or the maximum current rating of the BCC,
is delivered to the battery.
NOTE Sometimes referred to as boost charge.
3.3
bulk voltage
threshold voltage used by the BCC as a control parameter to change charging mode from bulk
charge to the next charging stage
NOTE Sometimes referred to as boost voltage.
3.4
bulk charge delay time
the amount of time for which the bulk voltage is to be maintained before the change from the
bulk charge stage to the next charging stage is made
3.5
equalise current
a constant current applied to the battery during equalise charge; normally determined by
battery manufacturer recommendations
3.6
equalise charge
a relatively high voltage charging stage that is maintained for a defined time. Charge control
can be achieved by constant voltage or constant current regulation or a combination of both.
Equalise charge is intended to bring all cells to the same state of charge and remove
electrolyte stratification in flooded cells by causing them to produce gas and stir the
electrolyte.
3.7
equalise voltage
the voltage that the battery is allowed to reach during equalisation. This voltage is set above
the gassing point for flooded batteries and below the maximum allowable voltage that the
battery can withstand without damage.
3.8
equalise time
time that the equalise voltage is maintained from the moment that the battery has reached the
equalise voltage, to the moment when the equalise charge is terminated to enter the next
charging stage
3.9
float charge
a constant voltage charging stage in which the battery is maintained at a voltage below the
gassing point to complete the charging cycle and compensate for battery self discharge
3.10
float voltage
the minimum constant voltage necessary to offset the internal losses of the battery
3.11
load disconnect point
condition (usually battery voltage) at which the load terminals of the charge controller are
switched off to prevent the battery from over discharging, or at which a control signal or alarm

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SIST EN 62509:2011
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is triggered to signal a low battery state of charge. When the condition is a battery voltage,
the abbreviation LVD (Low Voltage Disconnect) is usually used.
3.12
load reconnect point
condition (usually battery voltage) at which the load terminals of the charge controller are
switched back on to allow the battery to supply the load, or at which a control signal or alarm
is switched off to signal a battery state of charge that warrants the supply of the load. When
the condition is a battery voltage, the abbreviation LVR (Low Voltage Reconnect) is usually
used.
3.13
self-adaptive
an algorithm that modifies the charge controller set-points based on state of charge
calculations, battery state of charge history, etc., or a combination of these parameters
3.14
temperature compensation for end of charge voltage set-points
a temperature dependent coefficient applied to the end of charge voltage set-points when the
temperature of the battery differs from the reference temperature (usually 25 °C). In addition
to the temperature coefficient, temperature compensation normally has minimum and
maximum limits that should be adhered to (i.e. voltage set-points should be constrained within
a range).
4 Functionality and performance requirements of a PV BCC
4.1 General
This Clause describes the performance and functionality requirements for PV battery charge
controllers (BCC). These requirements are divided in 5 main categories:
· Battery lifetime protection.
· Efficiency.
· User interface.
· Fail safe functions.
· Marking and documentation.
The provisions in this standard are not intended to preclude or rule out innovative control
techniques aimed at providing effective battery charging. These however shall be verifiable by
testing.
4.2 Applicability of requirements
Required provisions ensure reliable operation and essential protection functions, and are
generally easily achievable on even inexpensive BCCs intended for small installations (e.g.
single module installations at extra low voltage).
Recommended provisions ensure more effective battery charging, better efficiencies, longer
battery lifetime and additional user interface functions. They are intended to provide and/or
facilitate more advanced battery charging and load management.

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SIST EN 62509:2011
62509 Ó IEC:2010 – 9 –
4.3 Battery lifetime protection requirements
4.3.1 Prevent leakage current from battery to PV generator
The BCC shall limit leakage current flowing from the battery to the PV generator in order to
prevent battery discharging at night. The allowable reverse current on the PV side shall be
£ 0,1 % of the BCC rated input current when the battery voltage is equal to the rated voltage.
Compliance shall be verified by test according to 5.2.1.
4.3.2 Basic battery charging functions
4.3.2.1 General
The BCC shall provide appropriate charging set-points and load disconnect set-points for the
specific battery technology or technologies it is intended to be used for.
4.3.2.2 Protect battery from over-charge
The BCC shall cut out or regulate the charging current to avoid over-charging of the battery
according to battery manufacturer recommended end of charge set-point.
Compliance shall be determined by test according to 5.2.2.
4.3.2.3 Protect battery from over-discharge
The BCC shall have a provision to prevent the battery from over-discharging either by directly
interrupting the current to the load, or by a trip signal to enable an external piece of
equipment to stop the current to the load, or an alarm.
If battery over-discharge protection is achieved by means of audible or visible alarms that
prompt the system user to disconnect all or non-essential load, this shall be clearly stated in
the operation manual.
If over-discharge protection is reliant on the installation of an external device that provides
over-discharge protection (such as an inverter), this fact shall be clearly stated in the
installation manual.
Battery over-discharge protection can be triggered by a battery voltage measurement, a state
of charge calculation, a combination of both or other algorithms. The protection set-points
may be current compensated. Battery over-discharge protection set-point shall be verifiable
by testing. The BCC documentation and/or interface shall clearly specify the algorithms and
criteria used to establish the load disconnect and reconnect set-points.
Compliance shall be determined by test according to 5.2.3.
4.3.2.4 Set-point accuracy
The BCC measurement accuracy for voltage set-points for charge control shall be ±1 % or
better. For load disconnect it shall be ±2 % or better.
Compliance shall be determined by test according to 5.2.2 and 5.2.3.
4.3.3 Charging regime
4.3.3.1 General
The BCC shall be matched to the specific battery technology for its intended use to ensure
that correct charging set-points are implemented. The PV BCC can use a variety of methods

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to ensure correct charging of batteries, the requirements in this clause include some of the
possible solutions and do not limit other solutions.
4.3.3.2 Required charging stages
As a minimum, PV battery charge controllers shall have bulk and float charging stages.
NOTE Some manufacturers give charging stages different names in their documentation than those defined in this
standard. Care must be taken to identify the charging characteristics appropriately for each individual unit or
manufacturer and cross-reference with the terminology used in this standard.
4.3.3.3 Recommended charging stages
In addition to the requirements of 4.3.3.2, battery charge controllers should provide equalise
charge periodically to the battery. The periodicity of equalise charge should be more than 7
days.
4.3.3.4 Adjustable charging set-points
In order to ensure correct charging regime for the battery type, charging set-points should be
adjustable or automatically selected either by means of individual set-point adjustment, or by
battery type selection or self-detection of type of battery. This can be achieved by hardware
means or software through user interface or by adjusting set-points as directed in manuals.
The specific charging regime used depends on the battery technology specified. A guide for
the battery set-points for testing purposes where such information is unavailable from the
manufacturer is given in Annex A.
Self-adaptive set-points based on advanced algorithms shall be able to be verified using
information provided by the user interface and the BCC documentation. No specific test
procedure has been developed for devices employing these advanced techniques.
NOTE Adjustable set-points may not be required for BCCs intended for low power applications (< 250 W) and for
a particular type of battery.
4.3.3.5 Temperature compensated charging set-points
Bulk, float, and other high voltage or end of charge set-points should be temperature
compensated. Temperature compensation if provided should be in accordance with battery
manufacturer recommendations for the particular type of battery. Temperature compensated
set-points shall be identifiable from the charge controller documentation.
NOTE Lead acid battery manufacturers typically specify a temperature compensation coefficient of –5 mV/°C/Cell.
4.3.3.6 Voltage drop compensation for set-point measurement
The BCC should provide a means to compensate for voltage drop in battery cables, or provide
installation instructions to minimise voltage drop.
If the battery charge controller has the provision for battery sense cables, it shall be able to
operate with or without these. This is to protect the unit against unintended disconnection of
the battery sense cables. This requirement is tested according to 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 by
performing the test with and without the sense wires connected at 25 °C test conditions.
4.3.4 Set-point security
Charging set-points shall be secured against change other than by a deliberate and qualified
action.
Compliance shall be determined by inspection of the unit and accompanying operating
instructions.

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NOTE 1 This clause does not apply to battery charge controllers with fixed set-points.
NOTE 2 The use of a tool or password are acceptable means of protection.
4.3.5 Load disconnect capability
Where over-discharge protection is provided by means of load disconnect functionality the
load disconnect and reconnect set-points shall be verified by testing according 5.2.3.
The load could be either a load directly switched or a load controlled by the
...