SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
01-september-2019
Specifikacija geometrijskih veličin izdelka (GPS) - Tekstura površine: ravna - 73.
del: Izrazi in definicije za površinske napake pri meritvah materiala (ISO 25178-
73:2019)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Areal - Part 73: Terms and
definitions for surface defects on material measures (ISO 25178-73:2019)
Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Oberflächenbeschaffenheit: Flächenhaft -
Teil 73: Begriffe für Oberflächenfehler an Maßverkörperungen (ISO 25178-73:2019)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - État de surface: surfacique - Partie 73:
Termes et définitions pour les défauts de surface sur les mesures matérialisées (ISO
25178-73:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 25178-73:2019
ICS:
01.040.17 Meroslovje in merjenje. Metrology and measurement.
Fizikalni pojavi (Slovarji) Physical phenomena
(Vocabularies)
17.040.40 Specifikacija geometrijskih Geometrical Product
veličin izdelka (GPS) Specification (GPS)
SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019


EN ISO 25178-73
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

June 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.17; 17.040.40
English Version

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture:
Areal - Part 73: Terms and definitions for surface defects
on material measures (ISO 25178-73:2019)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - État de Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) -
surface: surfacique - Partie 73: Termes et définitions Oberflächenbeschaffenheit: Flächenhaft - Teil 73:
pour les défauts de surface sur les mesures Begriffe für Oberflächenfehler an Maßverkörperungen
matérialisées (ISO 25178-73:2019) (ISO 25178-73:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 May 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 25178-73:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
EN ISO 25178-73:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
EN ISO 25178-73:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 25178-73:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213
"Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 290 “Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2019, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 25178-73:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 25178-73:2019 without any
modification.


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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25178-73
First edition
2019-05
Geometrical product specifications
(GPS) — Surface texture: Areal —
Part 73:
Terms and definitions for surface
defects on material measures
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — État de surface:
surfacique —
Partie 73: Termes et définitions pour les défauts de surface sur les
mesures matérialisées
Reference number
ISO 25178-73:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

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ISO 25178-73:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
ISO 25178-73:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Terms and definitions for classes of defects . 2
3.3 Terms and definitions for ways of responding to defects . 3
Annex A (informative) Stains and discolorations . 5
Annex B (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model . 6
Bibliography . 7
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification.
A list of all parts in the ISO 25178 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 25178-73:2019
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Introduction
0.1 General
This document is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general
GPS standard (see ISO 14638). It influences chain link F of the chain of standards on profile surface
texture, areal surface texture and surface imperfections.
The ISO GPS masterplan given in ISO 14638 gives an overview of the ISO GPS system of which this
document is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document.
The default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this
document, unless otherwise stated.
For more detailed information on the relation of this document to the GPS matrix model, see Annex B.
This document is based on the premise that a material measure has a real geometrical surface which
is a realization of an ideal or nominal surface, which in turn can in most cases be regarded as a simple
mathematical concept: for example a plane, a sphere, a step function or a sinusoidal shape. In each
case there will be an associated precisely known quantity, which is used when the material measure is
measured by a surface texture-measuring instrument in one or more operations during the calibration
and set-up of that instrument.
Any portion of the measuring surface of the material measure at which the real surface deviates from
the ideal nominal surface is therefore more or less undesirable, and is here denoted by the term defect.
0.2 Relationship to ISO 8785
ISO 8785 was intended to apply to all types of surface, whether functional or otherwise. Examples
of functional surfaces are: brake disks, cylinder linings, optical lens and mirror surfaces, fluid pipe
couplings, marine propeller blades and artificial hip joints. In each case, the surface has to perform one
or more definite jobs and, consequently, the choice of method of manufacture and the type of surface
geometry, together with a certain range of parameter values which are specified for it, are usually a
compromise between conflicting requirements which might not all be perfectly fulfilled. The functional
surface can then be measured in order to find out how closely it matches the parameter values which
have been specified.
However, this is not the same as determining how well the surface functions. In many cases it is not
obvious exactly what the ideal profile shape from the point of view of best function would be. Therefore,
it is possible that a surface which deviates from the specified profile in some places actually performs
better than one which has no deviations. For this reason, ISO 8785 used the general term imperfections,
which does not suggest undesirability, in preference to the term defects, which does suggest this.
Unlike ISO 8785, this document does not deal with any classes of defect, other than geometrical, that
might appear upon the surfaces of material measures. Examples of other classes of defect are: unwanted
variations in such physical properties as:
— surface hardness;
— surface colour;
— electrical properties.
For the purposes of this document, no instance of such an unwanted variation in a physical property
is considered to be a defect unless it coincides spatially with the area of a geometrical defect. For
information on variations in surface colour, see Annex A.
0.3 Relationship to ISO 5436-1 and ISO 25178-70
The material measures and calibration specimens which are described in ISO 5436-1 and ISO 25178-70
are not functional surfaces as described in 0.2. Material measures exist only in order to be measured;
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there are no physical jobs which they have to do. They are physical representations of a mathematically
simple shape, which is therefore the ideal shape and which can be specified precisely.
Any deviation from this ideal shape is therefore undesirable, and so the term defect is preferable to the
term imperfection. It is possible for a single calibration specimen to be used in two or more different
applications, but for each application there exists a theoretically ideal shape, although certain features
of the ideal might be more important in one application than in the other.
For example, a sinusoidal roughness specimen can be used to check Ra or RSm parameter values. In
the first application it is more important that the sinusoidal specimen exhibits uniformity of amplitude
(peak height) than uniformity of wavelength (peak spacing), but in the second application it is the
other way around. The fact that the calibration specimen can be used in two different applications does
not make it a functional surface; it is still a measurement standard which exists only in order to be
measured.
0.4 Defining defects by reference to geometrical shape rather than cause
ISO 8785:1998, Clause 4, contains several descriptions of surface imperfections in terms which make
reference to the cause of the imperfection, instead of just their geometrical shape. This can create the
following difficulties when applying these descriptions in practice:
a) the possibility of confusion, in cases where a feature has the shape of one type of imperfection, but
has the cause of a different one;
b) in many cases, particularly with very small features at the limits of visibility, the cause might be
unknown and hard to discover;
c) it becomes more difficult to translate the terms into other languages.
In this document the emphasis is on geometrical shape, and three terms will be defined corresponding
to the cases in which the deviation is upwards from the surface (outward defect, 3.2.6), downwards into
the surface (inward defect, 3.2.7) or neither upward nor downward (neutral defect, 3.2.8). However,
there is one exception: it is necessary to define one special type of defect (negative defect, 3.2.9) which
sometimes appears on material measures that have been manufactured by one of the widely-used
methods of replication and which appears on such a replicated material measure as the result of a
corresponding defect on the surface of the mother mould (often called a negative), which produced the
replica.
0.5 Terms for ways of responding to defects
Consistent with the general idea that defects are undesirable, this document contains a section which
defines terms for all possible responses to the presence of defects. It does not specify which of these
responses should be applied in any particular situation, it simply defines terms and names for them, and
thus enables users, manufacturers, calibration metrologists and writers of other standards documents
to state their own policies and procedures clearly and unambiguously.
0.6 Defect as a portion of the surface rather than a property of the whole surface
A defect is a geometrical feature limited by natural boundaries (in the language of ISO 8015:2011, 5.4
and ISO 22432:2011, 3.2), that is non-ideal and real (ISO 22432:2011, 3.2.2). In this document a defe
...