SIST-TP TR 102 008 V1.1.1:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP TR 102 008 V1.1.1:2004
01-april-2004
Harmonizacija telekomunikacij in internetnega protokola prek omrežij (TIPHON), 3.
izdaja - Pojmi in definicije
Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON)
Release 3; Terms and Definitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: TR 102 008 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
01.040.33 Telekomunikacije. Avdio in Telecommunications. Audio
video tehnika (Slovarji) and video engineering
(Vocabularies)
33.020 Telekomunikacije na splošno Telecommunications in
general
SIST-TP TR 102 008 V1.1.1:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP TR 102 008 V1.1.1:2004

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SIST-TP TR 102 008 V1.1.1:2004

ETSI TR 102 008 V1.1.1 (2002-01)
Technical Report


Telecommunications and Internet Protocol
Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 3;
Terms and Definition

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Reference
DTR/TIPHON-01014
Keywords
Internet, IP, protocol, voice, VoIP
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2002.
All rights reserved.

ETSI

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Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.4
Foreword.4
1 Scope.5
2 References.5
3 Definitions and abbreviations.5
3.1 Definitions.5
3.2 Abbreviations.16
Annex A: Bibliography.17
History .18

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Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Project Telecommunications and Internet Protocol
Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON).
ETSI

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1 Scope
The present document specifies the definition the definition of terms to be adopted for all deliverables contained in
TIPHON Release 3.
2 References
For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply:
[1] ITU-T Recommendation Q.931: "ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call
control".
[2] ITU-T Recommendation E.164: "The international public telecommunication numbering plan".
[3] ITU-T Recommendation G.100: "Definitions used in Recommendations on general characteristics
of international telephone connections and circuits".
[4] ITU-T Recommendation H.323: "Packet-based multimedia communications systems".
[5] ITU-T Recommendation I.112: "Vocabulary of terms for ISDNs".
[6] ITU-T Recommendation G.111: "Loudness ratings (LRs) in an international connection".
[7] ITU-T Recommendation G.121: "Loudness ratings (LRs) of national systems".
[8] ITU-T Recommendation P.64: "Determination of sensitivity/frequency characteristics of local
telephone systems".
[9] ITU-T Recommendation P.76: "Determination of loudness ratings; fundamental principles".
[10] ITU-T Recommendation P.79: "Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets".
[11] ITU-T Recommendation I.210: "Principles of telecommunication services supported by an ISDN
and the means to describe them".
[12] IETF RFC 1631: "The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)".
[13] ISO/IEC 9646 (all parts): "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Conformance
testing methodology and framework".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
access provider: provides a user of some network with access from the user's terminal to that network
accounting: process of collecting the call information data for purposes of attributing costs between service providers
or network operators
address: string or combination of digits and symbols which identifies the specific termination points of a
connection/session and is used for routeing
administrative domain: collection of physical or functional entities under the control of a single administration
aggregate bearer: logical association of functional entities in an IP Telephony application and transport network which
creates one or more concurrent end to end media flows and which is not limited to the duration of a single call
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aggregate bearer admission control: functional entity that determines whether or not a flow is to be admitted as part
of an established aggregate bearer
aggregate bearer measurement: functional entity that determines the capacity used and remaining in an aggregate
bearer as a result of measuring the actual media flows after taking into account what flows were requested
application data: media or signalling information content
authentication: process of proving identity within its context
NOTE: This normally entails proving the possession of a secret (uniquely associated with the identification) to
the authenticator.
authorization: process of granting permission on the basis of identity, to access or use a service, or to access
information
NOTE: Authorization is performed by the entity that controls the resource, and, if payment is required, that same
entity is responsible for accounting to the customer or other party.

backward call clearing: ability for the called party to release a call during the call
basic call control: Signalling protocol associated with the DSS1 - ISDN Basic Call control procedures of ITU-T
Recommendation Q.931 [1].
bearer: logical association of functional entities in an IP Telephony application and Transport Network that creates an
end to end media flow for no longer than the duration of a call
bearer service: type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the transmission of signals between
user-network interfaces
billing: process of presenting the user with a request for payment e.g. based on network usage; possibly including
supporting information such as call records
broker: provider of a business service to facilitate the interworking between multiple IP service providers and SCN
operators involved in the delivery of a telephony service
NOTE: This may be restricted to accounting settlements, but can also include routing assistance, authorization of
use of resources, price information exchange.

call: any connection (fixed or temporary) capable of transferring information between two or more users of a
telecommunications system. In this context a user may be a person or a machine
called number: normally a name written as a numerical string identifying the called party or called terminal
carrier: provider of a transit network or services
channel: Often used in the literature to describe a single data stream and will therefore be treated synonymously to flow
through the present document.
charging: process of determining the amount of money a user shall pay for usage of a certain service
circuit loudness rating: loudness loss between two electrical interfaces in a connection or circuit, each interface
terminated by its nominal impedance which may be complex
codec: combined speech encoder and decoder
collect call: call paid for by the called party
NOTE: Caller indicates a request for a collect call and the service provider asks the called party to accept.
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contact ID: intermediate identifier for the destination of the next point of resolution (i.e. the destination of the next hop
for the signalling messages)
NOTE: The form of the contact ID may vary and may or may not depend on the protocol and the technology used
in the transport plane. (Contact IDs are used more in IP based networks than in SCNs).
content of communication: information exchanged between two or more users of a telecommunications service,
excluding intercept related information
NOTE: This includes information which may, as part of some telecommunications service, be stored by one user
for subsequent retrieval by another.
country code for geographic areas: combination of one, two or three digits identifying a specific country, countries in
an integrated numbering plan, or a specific geographic area (e.g. ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2])
credit card call: calls charged to a credit card user

dBm: power level with reference to 1 mW
dBm0: at the reference frequency (1 020 Hz), L dBm0 represents an absolute power level of L dBm measured at the
transmission reference point (0 dBr point), and a level of L + x dBm measured at a point having a relative level of x dBr
(See ITU-T Recommendation G.100 [3], annex A.4)
demand service, demand telecommunication service: type of telecommunication service in which the communication
path is established almost immediately, in response to a user request affected by means of user-network signalling
dialling plan: string or combination of decimal digits, symbols, and additional information that defines the method by
which the numbering plan is used
NOTE: A dialling plan includes the use of prefixes, suffixes, and additional information, supplemental to the
numbering plan, required to complete the call (e.g. ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2]).
directory service provider: provider of directory information e.g. providing an E.164 number from an email address
domain: collection of physical or functional entities within an administrative domain which share a consistent set of
policies and common technologies
domain identifier: globally unique identifier of a domain
NOTE: Domain identifiers may be mapped to the IP Telephony Administrative Domain (ITAD) Numbers,
registered by IANA and used by the TRIP Protocol.

E.164 number: Number conforming to the numbering plan and structure specified in ITU-T Recommendation
E.164 [2].
eavesdropper: unauthorized listening only participant in a communications channel
echo: unwanted signal delayed to such a degree that it is perceived as distinct from the wanted signal
end-user: entity using the services of an IP telephony service provider or transport network operator
end-user domain: collection of physical or functional entities under the control of an End-User which share a
consistent set of policies and common technologies
endpoint: entity that can originate and terminate both signalling and media streams
NOTE: An endpoint can both call and be called. Examples of endpoints include H.323 terminals, SIP User
Agents, Gateways, or Multi-party Conference Units.

firewall: device (computer or software or both), used to restrict and monitor usage of computer(s) or the network
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first party (call) clearing: first party to hang up clears the call
flow: single data stream, identified by a set of characteristic values (source address, source port, destination address,
destination port, protocol number)
forward call clearing: ability for the calling party to release a call during the call
freephone: call which may be initiated for which the call originator is not charged, also known as a toll free call
functional entity: entity in a system that performs a specific set of functions
functional group: collection of functional entities within a domain. In TIPHON systems functional groups are used to
structure the necessary functionality to offer IP telephony services across domains.

GateKeeper (GK): H.323 entity on the network that provides address translation and controls access to the network for
H.323 terminals, Gateways and MCUs
NOTE: The Gatekeeper may also provide other services to the terminals, Gateways and MCUx such as
bandwidth management and locating Gateways. (See also ITU-T Recommendation H.323 [4]).
gatekeeper service provider: IP service provider who offers services available from gatekeepers to the user
gateway: endpoint on a network which provides for real time, two way communication between an IP based network
and an Switched Circuit Network (SCN)
gateway functional group: functional group containing the functionality of a network functional group also the
functionality necessary to connect calls to the SCN
NOTE: Gateway functional groups may be classified as Originating or Terminating based upon their location
within the topology of a specified call.
Global User Service - Type GU: provides originating and terminating services for users with an E.164 Global Code
number, which requires access to a Global IP-Telephony Directory Service
global service: service defined by the ITU-T, provisioned on the public switched network, to which the ITU-T has
assigned a specific country code to enable the provision of that international service between two or more countries
and/or integrated numbering plans (e.g. ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2])

H.323 terminal: entity which provides audio and optionally video and data communications capability in point-to-point
or multipoint conferences in packet-based networks
handover interface: physical and logical interface across which the results of interception are delivered from a network
operator/access provider/service provider to an LEMF
home network functional group: functional group which is aware of the service application subscribed to by the
End-User
NOTE: Home network functional groups may be classified as Originating or Terminating based upon their
location within the topology of a specified call.

ICS proforma: document, in the form of a questionnaire, which when completed for an implementation or system
becomes a PICS
identification: entity has identification within a specific context, and may therefore possess multiple identities; one for
each context in which it must be known
NOTE: All identities within a particular context must be unique. An Identification may consist of a simple string,
or a name within a directory mechanism.
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identity: technical label which may represent the origin or destination of any telecommunications traffic, as a rule
clearly identified by a physical telecommunications identity number (such as a telephone number) or the logical or
virtual telecommunications identity number (such as a personal number) which the subscriber can assign to a physical
access on a case-by-case basis
Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS): statement made by the supplier of an implementation or system
claimed to conform to a given specification, stating which capabilities have been implemented
NOTE: The ICS can take several forms: protocol ICS, profile ICS, profile specific ICS, information object ICS,
etc.
information flow: interaction between a communicating pair of functional entities
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): See ITU-T Recommendation I.112 [5], clause 2.3 definition 308.
intercept related information: collection of information or data associated with telecommunication services involving
the TI, specifically call associated information or data (e.g. unsuccessful call attempts), service associated information
or data (e.g. service profile management by subscriber) and location information
interception (or Lawful Interception): action (based on the law), performed by a network operator/access
provider/service provider, of making available certain information and providing that information to an LEMF
NOTE: In the present document the term interception is not used to describe the action of observing
communications by an LEA.
interception interface: physical and logical locations within the access provider's/network operator's/service provider's
telecommunications facilities where access to the content of communication and intercept related information is
provided
NOTE: The interception interface is not necessarily a single, fixed point.
interception measure: technical measure which facilitates the interception of telecommunications traffic pursuant to
the relevant national laws and regulations
interception subject: person or persons, specified in a lawful authorization, whose telecommunications are to be
intercepted
interConnect Function: functional entity that interconnects transport domains
NOTE: It provides a policy and/or administrative boundary and may police authorized media flows between two
transport domains to ensure they are consistent with the QoS policy specified by the relevant Transport
Resource Manager.
interconnection function: functional entity connecting two networks having differing administrative policy such as
Quality of Service (QoS) or addressing policy but employing the same signalling protocol, and transport technology, at
the point of interconnect
interface: shared boundary between two communicating systems, devices or equipments.
intermediate (transit) network functional group: functional group connecting the Serving Network Functional Group
to the Home Network Functional Group. The Intermediate Network Functional Grouping is only present when the
Serving Network Functional Grouping and the Home Network Functional Grouping are not directly connected
internal intercepting function: point within a network or network element at which the content of communication is
made available
internal network interface: network's internal interface between the internal intercepting function and a mediation
device
International Emergency Preference Scheme (IEPS): IEPS enables authorized users to have priority access to
telecommunication services and priority processing of communications in support of recovery operations during
emergency events
interworking function: function connecting two networks of different signalling or different administrative policies
and/or transport technologies
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IP address: each network unit connected to an IP network must have a unique Internet or IP address
NOTE: Today's IP addresses is based on IPv4 and are 32-bit numbers with its predefined structure. The IP
address (IPv4) is written as four decimal numbers separated by a point.
IP access provider: company or organization which provides access to IP services which could be either access to a
private IP network (Intranet) or to the Internet
IP broker: provider of a business service to facilitate the exchange of IP traffic between multiple IP service providers
and other network operators
IP end user: user who is connected to an IP network
IP endpoint: device that originates or terminates the IP based part of a call. Endpoints include H.323 clients, and IP
telephony gateways
IP InterConnection Function: function that exists between two VoIP network functions to connect them together
NOTE: An IP interconnection function may be a null function if the two IP network functions belong to the same
administrative domain.
Interworking function: function connecting two networks of different signalling and or transport technology
IP Network: packet transport network comprising one or more transport domains each employing the IP protocol
IP network provider: company or organization which provides access to an IP network
IP number: number conforming to the structure of addresses in IP networks
IP service provider: company or organization which provides access to IP services which could be either access to a
private IP network (Intranet) or to the Internet
IP Telephony: any telephony related service that is supported on a managed IP Network
IP telephony service provider: service provider who offers IP telephony services
NOTE: The same business entity may act as both a Transport Network Operator and an IP telephony Service
Provider.

Law Enforcement Agency (LEA): organization authorized by a lawful authorization based on a national law to
receive the results of telecommunications interceptions
Law Enforcement Monitoring Facility (LEMF): law enforcement facility designated as the transmission destination
for the results of interception relating to a particular interception subject
lawful authorization: permission granted to an LEA under certain conditions to intercept specified telecommunications
and requiring co-operation from a network operator/access provider/service provider
NOTE: Typically this refers to a warrant or order issued by a lawfully authorized body.
listener echo: echo produced by double reflected signals and disturbing the listener
location information: information relating to the geographic, physical or logical location of an identity relating to an
interception subject
location portability: ability for a customer (subscriber) to change location while retaining the same number
loudness rating: As used in the G-Series Recommendations for planning; loudness rating is an (LR) objective measure
of the loudness loss, i.e. a weighted, electro-acoustic loss between certain interfaces in the telephone network. If the
circuit between the interfaces is subdivided into sections, the sum of the individual section LRs is equal to the total LR.
In loudness rating contexts, the subscribers are represented from a measuring point of view by an artificial mouth and
an artificial ear respectively, both being accurately specified.

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Malicious Call IDentification (MCID): supplementary service offered to the called party which enables the called
party to request that the calling party be identified to the network and be registered in the network
management domain: collection of one or more management systems, and zero or more managed systems and
management sub domains that is administered by a single operator
mediation device: mechanism which passes information between a network operator/access provider/service provider
and a handover interface
middlebox: firewall or NAT device which is coupled to a MIDCOM server, which offers the firewall/NAT services to
clients

name: combination of alpha, numeric or symbols that is used to identify end-users. A name may be portable between
Service Providers
National Numbered Service - Type NU: provides originating and terminating services for users with an E.164
national numbers, with either geographic (home-related) or non-geographic (country based, with e.g. an IP specific
prefix) scheme, depending on national regulations or customer demand
National Transit Service - Type NT: provides transit and long distance carrier services (national and international),
either between SCN's, between IP-based networks, or between a SCN and an IP-based network
network: telecommunications network that provides telecommunications services
network abstraction layer: component of the TIPHON application plane that provides a set of communications
capabilities to the transport abstraction layer that are derived from, but independent of, the capabilities of a specific
underlying network technology
Network Address Translation (NAT): Network Address Translation mechanism as defined in IETF RFC 1631 [12].
network element: component of the network structure, such as a local exchange, higher order switch or service control
processor
network functional group: functional group containing the functionality required to establish a call between two
terminals, a gateway and a terminal, or two gateways
NOTE: Network functional groups may be classified as Originating or Terminating based upon their location
within the topology of a specified call.
network operator: operator of a public telecommunications infrastructure which permits the conveyance of signals
between defined network termination points by wire, by microwave, by optical means or by other electromagnetic
means
non-repudiation: security function that provides proof of the origination of information and serves as a deterrent to the
originating party falsely denying the information
number: string of decimal digits from a recognized number plan (e.g. ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2])
numbering plan: numbering plan specifies the format and structure of the numbers used within that plan
NOTE: It typically consists of decimal digits segmented into groups in order to identify specific elements used for
identification, routing and charging capabilities, e.g. within ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2] to identify
countries, national destinations, and subscribers. A numbering plan does not include prefixes, suffixes and
additional information required to complete the call. The national numbering plan is the national
implementation of the ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2] numbering plan.
number portability: ability for a customer (subscriber) to change service provider, location or service while retaining
the same number

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originating network: the context of the present document the term originating network may have a different meaning
dependent on functional group
NOTE: The originating network means every functional group before the actual functional group.
overall loudness: loudness loss between the speaking subscriber's mouth and the rating (OLR) listening subscriber's ear
via a connection

packet flow/transport flow: stream of packets of the same type identified by common address and port numbers
NOTE: The stream may contain either signalling information or content description together with media
information.
prefix: indicator consisting of one or more digits, that allows the selection of different types of number formats,
networks and/or services (e.g. ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [2])
premium rate call: calls made to access particular information, or services, for which an additional charge is made.
The service provider charges the caller for the used services according to predefined rate
privacy: characteristic that only authorized entities
...