SIST EN 12312-7:2020
(Main)Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment
This document specifies the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of aircraft movement equipment when used as intended, including misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also takes into account some performance requirements recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and handling agencies.
This document applies to:
- aircraft tractors with driver accommodation;
- pedestrian controlled aircraft movement equipment;
- moveable parts of ramp integrated systems;
- attachment bars,
used for all operations, utilizing aircraft movement equipment, e.g.:
- push back;
- maintenance towing.
Designers of towbarless tractors will in addition take into account the requirements of ISO 20683-1 or ISO 20683-2 as applicable (see Bibliography).
This document does not apply to:
- ground power installations on aircraft tractors;
- fixed ramp integrated systems;
- special towing equipment (e.g. for recovery);
- dispatch towing tractors.
This document deals with vibrations and noise which are considered as significant. Vibration measurements are dealt with in EN 1915-3. Noise measurements and reduction are dealt with in EN 1915-4.
This document does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis and from other vehicles on the apron.
This Part of EN 12312 is not applicable to aircraft movement equipment manufactured before the date of its publication.
This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (for vehicles) and EN 1915-4.
This part of EN 12312 when used in conjunction with EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4 provides the requirements for GSE.
Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen - Teil 7: Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte
Dieses Dokument legt die technischen Anforderungen zur Minimierung der in Abschnitt 4 aufgelisteten Gefährdungen fest, die bei der Inbetriebnahme, Betrieb und Wartung von Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräten auftreten können, wenn diese bestimmungsgemäß genutzt werden, einschließlich einer vom Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendung, wenn diese in Übereinstimmung mit den Anweisungen des Herstellers oder seines Beauftragten ausgeführt werden. Sie berücksichtigt auch einige Funktions und Gestaltungsanforderungen, die von offiziellen Stellen, Luftfahrzeug und Boden-geräteherstellern sowie Luftverkehrs und Abfertigungsgesellschaften als wesentlich erachtet wurden.
Dieses Dokument gilt für:
- Flugzeugschlepper mit Fahrerplatz;
- mitgängergeführte Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte;
- bewegliche Teile von vorfeldintegrierten Systemen;
- Schleppstangen,
eingesetzt bei allen Vorgängen, bei denen Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgerät eingesetzt wird, z. B.:
- Push back;
- Wartungsschleppen.
Konstrukteure von stangenlosen Schleppern werden außerdem, falls anwendbar, die Anforderungen aus ISO 20683-1 oder ISO 20683-2 berücksichtigen (siehe Literaturhinweise).
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für:
- Bodenstromgeräte auf Flugzeugschleppern;
- feste vorfeldintegrierte Systeme;
- spezielle Schleppgeräte (z. B. für die Bergung);
- Abfertigungsschlepper.
Dieses Dokument behandelt Schwingungen und Lärm, die als signifikant betrachtet werden. Schwingungsmessungen werden in EN 1915-3 behandelt. Lärmmessungen und -reduzierung werden in EN 1915-4 behandelt.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine Gefährdungen, die von einem Serienfahrgestell und von anderen Fahrzeugen auf dem Vorfeld ausgehen.
Dieser Teil von EN 12312 gilt nicht für Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Teils hergestellt wurden.
Es ist beabsichtigt, diesen Teil der EN 12312 in Verbindung mit EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (für Fahrzeuge) und EN 1915-4 anzuwenden.
Dieser Teil der EN 12312 stellt die Anforderungen für Bodengeräte bereit, wenn er in Verbindung mit EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 und EN 1915-4 anwendet wird.
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières - Partie 7 : Matériels de déplacement des aéronefs
Le présent document spécifie les exigences techniques pour minimiser les dangers listés à l’Article 4 qui pourraient apparaître lors de la mise en service, l’exploitation et la maintenance des matériels de déplacement d'aéronefs lorsqu’ils sont utilisés tel que préconisé, y compris la mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant, réalisées selon les spécifications émises par le constructeur ou son représentant autorisé. Il prend également en compte certaines exigences reconnues essentielles par les autorités, les fabricants d’aéronefs et de matériels de service au sol (GSE), ainsi que les compagnies aériennes et organismes d’assistance.
Le présent document s’applique aux types de matériels suivants :
- tracteurs d'aéronefs avec poste de conduite ;
- matériels de déplacement d’aéronefs à conducteur accompagnant ;
- parties mobiles des systèmes intégrés à l’aire de trafic ;
- barres de remorquage,
pour toutes utilisations de matériels de déplacement d’aéronefs telles que :
- repoussage ;
- remorquage d'entretien.
Les concepteurs de tracteurs sans barre prendront par ailleurs en compte les exigences de l’ISO 20683-1 ou l’ISO 20683-2 qui s’appliquent (voir Bibliographie).
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux types de matériels suivants :
- installations de génération électrique pour l'aéronef sur les tracteurs d'aéronefs ;
- systèmes fixes intégrés à l’aire de trafic ;
- matériels de tractage spéciaux (pour désembourbage par exemple) ;
- tracteurs de remorquage au départ.
La présente norme traite des vibrations et du bruit qui sont considérés comme significatifs. Les mesures des vibrations sont abordées dans l’EN 1915-3. Les mesures et la réduction du bruit sont abordés dans l’EN 1915-4.
Le présent document ne traite pas des dangers relatifs à un châssis automoteur standard et provenant d’autres véhicules sur l’aire de trafic.
La présente partie de l’EN 12312 ne s'applique pas aux matériels de déplacement d’aéronefs fabriqués avant sa date de publication.
Cette partie de l’EN 12312 est destinée à être utilisée conjointement avec les EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (pour les véhicules) et EN 1915-4.
Cette partie de l’EN 12312 lorsqu’elle est utilisée conjointement avec les EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 et EN 1915-4 fournit les exigences pour les GSE.
Podporna oprema na tleh za letalski promet - Posebne zahteve - 7. del: Oprema za premikanje letal
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12312-7:2020
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009
Podporna oprema na tleh za letalski promet - Posebne zahteve - 7. del: Oprema za
premikanje letal
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 7: Aircraft movement
equipment
Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen - Teil 7: Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières - Partie 7 : Matériels de
déplacement des aéronefs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12312-7:2020
ICS:
49.100 Oprema za servis in Ground service and
vzdrževanje na tleh maintenance equipment
SIST EN 12312-7:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 12312-7:2020
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SIST EN 12312-7:2020
EN 12312-7
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 49.100 Supersedes EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009
English Version
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific
requirements - Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen -
- Partie 7 : Matériels de déplacement des aéronefs Teil 7: Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 September 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12312-7:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 12312-7:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of hazards . 10
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 10
5.1 General requirements . 10
5.2 Driver's cabin . 11
5.3 Seats . 11
5.4 Steering devices . 12
5.5 Brakes. 12
5.6 Operating speeds . 12
5.7 Lights and reflectors . 13
5.8 Aircraft related requirements . 13
5.9 Fire protection . 14
5.10 Attachment devices . 14
5.11 Vibrations . 15
6 Information for use . 16
6.1 Marking . 16
6.2 Additional marking . 16
6.3 Instructions . 17
7 Verification of requirements . 18
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 19
Annex B (normative) Minimum space envelope for seated operator enclosure . 22
Annex C (informative) Whole body vibration . 24
C.1 Typical sources of whole body vibration for aircraft tractors . 24
C.2 Examples of technical measures suitable for whole body vibration reduction . 24
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 26
Bibliography . 28
2
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EN 12312-7:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 12312-7:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 “Aircraft
ground support equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009.
EN 12312, Aircraft ground support equipment — Specific requirements, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Passenger stairs;
— Part 2: Catering vehicles;
— Part 3: Conveyor belt vehicles;
— Part 4: Passenger boarding bridges;
— Part 5: Aircraft fuelling equipment;
— Part 6: Deicers and de-icing/anti-icing equipment;
— Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment (this document);
— Part 8: Maintenance or service stairs and platforms;
— Part 9: Container/Pallet loaders;
— Part 10: Container/Pallet transfer transporters;
— Part 11: Container/Pallet dollies and loose load trailers;
— Part 12: Potable water service equipment;
— Part 13: Lavatory service equipment;
— Part 14: Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles;
— Part 15: Baggage and equipment tractors;
— Part 16: Air start equipment;
— Part 17: Air conditioning equipment;
— Part 18: Nitrogen or Oxygen units;
— Part 19: Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic tail stanchions;
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— Part 20: Electrical ground power units.
Annexes A and C are informative, Annex B is normative.
The main changes compared to the previous edition EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 are:
a) Amendment A1:2009 was incorporated;
b) the Introduction was updated in relation to the deviation from recommended criteria;
c) the Scope was updated to cover reasonably foreseeable misuse and an informative reference was
added;
d) Clause 2, Normative references, was updated;
e) in Clause 3, Terms and definitions, the definition for vibrations, tractor categories, the operator's
seat and the SEAT factor were clarified;
f) the List of hazards was updated to exclude hazards due to traffic and repair and was moved to
Annex A;
g) Subclause 5.3 for the requirements of seats was added.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC on
machinery.
For relationship with EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery, see informative Annex ZA, which is an
integral part of this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
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EN 12312-7:2020 (E)
Introduction
This document specifies health and safety requirements, as well as some functional and performance
requirements for aircraft movement equipment intended for use on all aircraft types commonly in
service in civil air transport.
The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe,
serviceable, economical and practical aircraft movement equipment. Deviations should occur only after
careful consideration, extensive testing, risk assessment and thorough service evaluation have shown
alternative methods or conditions to be satisfactory. Such deviations are outside the scope of this
document and a manufacturer should be able to demonstrate an equivalent level of protection.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type-C
standard. Deviations from requirements do not fall within the presumption of conformity given by the
document.
5
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1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which
can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of aircraft movement equipment when
used as intended, including misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, when carried out in
accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also
takes into account some performance requirements recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and
ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and handling agencies.
This document applies to:
— aircraft tractors with driver accommodation,
— remote controlled aircraft movement equipment, and
— attachment devices
used for all operations utilizing aircraft movement equipment, e.g.:
— push back, and
— maintenance towing.
This document does not apply to:
— ground power installations on aircraft tractors,
— fixed ramp integrated systems,
— special towing equipment (e.g. for recovery),
— dispatch towing tractors, or
— tractors with a standing driver.
This document deals with vibrations and noise which are considered as significant hazards. Vibration
measurements are dealt with in EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009. Noise measurements and reduction are
dealt with in EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.
This document does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis or from hazards
arising from potential interaction with other vehicles on the apron.
This part of EN 12312 is not applicable to aircraft movement equipment manufactured before the date
of its publication.
This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2013,
EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 (for vehicles) and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.
This part of EN 12312 when used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2013, EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009,
EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 provides the requirements for aircraft
movement equipment.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1005-2:2003+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling
of machinery and component parts of machinery
EN 1175-1:1998+A1:2010, Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 1: General
requirements for battery powered trucks
EN 1837:1999+A1:2009, Safety of machinery - Integral lighting of machines
EN 1915-1:2013, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 1: Basic safety
requirements
EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 2: Stability
and strength requirements, calculations and test methods
EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 3: Vibration
measurement methods and reduction
EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 4: Noise
measurement methods and reduction
EN 13490:2001+A1:2008, Mechanical vibration - Industrial trucks - Laboratory evaluation and
specification of operator seat vibration
EN ISO 2860:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992)
EN ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery - Access systems (ISO 2867:2011)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
ISO 8267-1:2015, Aircraft — Tow bar attachment fittings interface requirements — Part 1: Main line
1
aircraft
ISO 8267-2:2019, Aircraft — Tow bar attachment fittings interface requirements — Part 2: Regional
1
aircraft
1
Document under correction.
7
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EN 12312-7:2020 (E)
ISO 9667:2017, Aircraft ground support equipment — Tow bars
ISO 24135-1:2006, Industrial trucks — Specifications and test methods for operator restraint systems —
Part 1: Lap-type seat belts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1915-1:2013,
EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
aircraft tractor
mobile machinery specially developed and designed for aircraft movement operations
3.2
towbar tractor
aircraft tractor which needs a supplementary apparatus for aircraft movement operations
3.3
towbarless tractor
aircraft tractor which can carry out aircraft movement operations without the aid of any supplementary
apparatus
3.4
nose landing gear operation
operation where a tractor or movement device is connected to the nose landing gear of the aircraft in
order to move the aircraft
Note 1 to entry: Aircraft and tractor form a manoeuvrable unit.
3.5
main landing gear operation
operation where a tractor is connected to the main landing gear of the aircraft in order to move the
aircraft
Note 1 to entry: Steering of the aircraft is performed by the nose landing gear.
3.6
attachment device
apparatus for aircraft movement operations by hand or tractor
EXAMPLE towbar, steering bar
3.7
towbar
device coupled between towbar tractor and towing lug of the nose landing gear
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3.8
steering bar
device coupled to the nose landing gear used for steering the aircraft externally during movement
3.9
push back
moving of an aircraft from the parking position at the terminal
EXAMPLE to the taxiway
Note 1 to entry: A push back basically consists of a rear movement of the aircraft after which a short forward
movement can be performed, e.g. for alignment.
3.10
maintenance towing
moving of an aircraft for maintenance purposes
EXAMPLE between the terminal and a maintenance hangar
Note 1 to entry: Maintenance towing is characterized by:
— unladen aircraft with or without fuel;
— engines of the aircraft are out of operation.
3.11
whole body vibration
vibration transmitted to the body as a whole through the buttocks of a seated operator
[SOURCE: EN 13490:2001+A1:2008, 3.1.1]
3.12
SEAT factor
Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility factor
ratio of the frequency-weighted r.m.s. (root mean square) acceleration at the seat and the frequency-
weighted r.m.s. acceleration values at the platform
Note 1 to entry: See EN 13490:2001+A1:2008.
3.13
SIP
Seat Index Point
point on the central vertical plane of the seat as determined by EN ISO 5353:1998
[SOURCE: EN ISO 3164:2013, 3.2]
3.14
dispatch towing
towing of a loaded (passengers, cargo, fuel) revenue flight airplane between the terminal gate or remote
parking area and a location near the departure runway
3.15
tractor categories
Note 1 to entry: The following definitions are consistent with EN 13490:2001+A1:2008.
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Note 2 to entry: Mean wheel diameter might be meaningless on e.g. towbarless tractors.
3.15.1
category A
tractors with wheel (mean) diameter equal to or below 800 mm and solid rubber or pneumatic tyres
3.15.2
category B
tractors with wheel (mean) diameter above 800 mm
3.16
braking ratio
ratio of the braking force against the wheels to the vehicle weight
4 List of hazards
The list of risks and hazards (given in Table A.1 of Annex A) is based on EN ISO 12100:2010 and
contains the hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified
by risk assessment as significant for aircraft movement equipment and which require action to
eliminate or reduce risks. Not covered are hazards due to the traffic and repair.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Aircraft movement equipment shall conform to the relevant requirements of EN 1915-1:2013,
EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 unless otherwise
specified in this document. It shall also conform to the specific requirements of this document.
5.1.2 Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction
measures of this clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of
EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
Stability and strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009.
5.1.3 Where electronic braking control systems are used, the control system shall achieve
Performance Level “d” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015, but performance level “c” when the
travelling speed is limited to a maximum of 6 km/h (see EN 1915-1:2013, 5.23.1).
5.1.4 A tractor shall be capable of being equipped with a communication system, where there is a
need for communication from the operator’s position to the cockpit or between operating positions
(see EN 1915-1:2013, Introduction, f) – negotiation).
5.1.5 The body of aircraft tractors shall be designed to facilitate easy access for the removal of wheels
and tyres by using suitable lifting equipment.
5.1.6 Where an aircraft tractor is provided with a tow-hitch lift, this shall be secured against
unintended movements, e.g. by a positive mechanical locking pin.
5.1.7 Structural parts of remote controlled aircraft movement equipment shall not obstruct the
operating range of the tiller.
5.1.8 The electrical system of battery powered aircraft movement equipment shall conform to
EN 1175-1:1998+A1:2010 with the exception of standard automotive chassis.
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5.1.9 Safety related parts of control systems shall be designed in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013,
5.26.1.
5.2 Driver's cabin
5.2.1 When operated in weather conditions that impact safety, driver’s cabins shall be provided and
shall meet the minimum space envelope requirements in Figure B.1 of Annex B.
The above requirements should be stipulated between manufacturer and user (see EN 1915-1:2013,
Introduction, f) – negotiation)
5.2.2 For fully enclosed cabins, in addition to the requirements in EN 1915-1:2013, 5.3.1 and 5.3.2,
where rear windscreen(s) is (are) provided it shall have at least one power-operated wiper with
windscreen washer.
5.2.3 A fully enclosed cabin shall have at least one door conforming to the requirements of
EN ISO 2867:2011, plus an emergency exit conforming to the requirements of EN ISO 2860:2008,
allowing escape in another direction, which may be a window. It shall be positioned as far as possible
away from the normal exit.
5.2.4 For fully enclosed cabins with heater/de-mister, or air conditioning, in addition to the
requirements in EN 1915-1:2013, 5.3.2, the air intake of a heater/de-mister, air conditioning shall be
connected to a fresh air inlet. The position of the air intake shall prevent the intake of emissions, e.g.
exhaust gas or electrolytic gas.
5.3 Seats
5.3.1 Aircraft tractors shall be equipped with an adjustable seat for the driver in order to minimize
fatigue during the intended work period, see also EN 1915-1:2013, 5.2.1.
For seat type selection criteria for whole body vibration reduction see Figure B.1 of Annex B.
5.3.2 Seat mountings shall withstand the forces which could occur during operation, e.g. braking or
coupling forces, minor collisions with other equipment.
NOTE For the applicable forces, see ISO 24135-1:2006.
5.3.3 It shall be possible to adjust the driver’s seat without using tools.
5.3.4 Where a weight adjustable suspension seat is fitted, the adjustment shall cater for a weight
range of at least 55 kg to 110 kg. The correct adjustment of the seat to the driver’s weight shall be easily
performed and clearly visible for the seated driver, e.g. a weight scale, an index or an automatic means
(pneumatic seat).
5.3.5 A seat belt shall be fitted to all seats and comply with ISO 24135-1:2006 when of a lap type.
5.3.6 The driver seat shall be selected to achieve the requirements specified in Table 1. Input spectral
classes (IT) and SEAT factors shall be in accordance with EN 13490:2001+A1:2008.
Table 1 — IT Class and SEAT factor
Category Wheel (mean) diameter Input spectral classes SEAT factor
A D ≤ 800 mm IT 2 < 0,8
B 800 mm < D IT 3 < 0,9
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5.3.7 Driver’s seat shall comply with the requirements specified in C.2 f).
5.4 Steering devices
5.4.1 For tractors designed with more than one steering mode, it shall not be possible to change the
steering mode unless all wheels are in the straight ahead position and unless travelling speed is 5 km/h
or less. The control system shall achieve Performance Level “a” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015. The
steering mode chosen shall be clearly indicated to the operator in the driving position.
5.4.2 Hydraulic steering systems shall be capable of ensuring that the steering supply is given priority
over any other hydraulic equipment supplied by the same power source.
5.4.3 Where electronic steering controls are used, it shall be ensured that the operator is provided
with an indication of any failure which adversely affects the performance of the steering system. The
control system shall achieve Performance Level “d” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
If Aircraft movement vehicle speed is limited to 6 km/h max, then the control system shall achieve
Performance Level “c” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
5.5 Brakes
5.5.1 The service brake of aircraft tractors shall reach a minimum braking ratio of 30 %.
5.5.2 The brake force distribution shall be such that the tractor and aircraft combination decelerates
in a stable condition whilst travelling in a straight line.
5.5.3 Aircraft tractors shall be provided with a secondary brake which in the event of failure of the
service brake system shall be able to stop the tractor travelling at maximum operating speed with a
minimum braking ratio of 20 %.
5.5.4 The secondary brake can be an integral part of the service brake or if mechanically applied, it
can be combined with the parking brake. Where combined with the parking brake it shall also conform
to 5.5.5 and 5.5.6.
5.5.5 Aircraft tractors shall be equipped with a parking brake that secures the tractor itself against
rolling away with a braking ratio of at least 18 %.
5.5.6 Where simultaneous actuation of both service and parking brake can result in an overload of the
aircraft nose landing gear, this shall be prevented by the design of the braking systems, except in the
event of a recordable emergency braking procedure, which is to be followed by a nose landing gear
inspection.
5.6 Operating speeds
5.6.1 Aircraft tractors shall be designed so that the travelling speed of the tractor or the tractor and
-1
aircraft combination does not exceed 32 km⋅h
-1
NOTE Circumstances where a tractor and aircraft combination can exceed 32 km⋅h (“dispatch” towing) are
not dealt with in this document.
5.6.2 The raising and lowering speed of liftable driver’s cabins shall not exceed 0,2 m/s.
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SIST EN
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 12312-7:2019
01-januar-2019
Podporna oprema na tleh za letalski promet - Posebne zahteve - 7. del: Oprema za
premikanje letal
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 7: Aircraft movement
equipment
Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen - Teil 7: Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières - Partie 7 : Matériels de
déplacement des aéronefs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12312-7
ICS:
49.100 Oprema za servis in Ground service and
vzdrževanje na tleh maintenance equipment
oSIST prEN 12312-7:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 12312-7:2019
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oSIST prEN 12312-7:2019
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 12312-7
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2018
ICS 49.100 Will supersede EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009
English Version
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific
requirements - Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen -
- Partie 7 : Matériels de déplacement des aéronefs Teil 7: Luftfahrzeug-Schleppgeräte
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 274.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12312-7:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of hazards . 10
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 10
5.1 General requirements . 10
5.2 Driver's cabin . 10
5.3 Seats . 11
5.4 Steering devices . 11
5.5 Brakes. 11
5.6 Operating speeds . 12
5.7 Lights and reflectors . 12
5.8 Aircraft related requirements . 13
5.9 Fire protection . 13
5.10 Attachment devices . 14
5.11 Vibrations . 14
6 Information for use . 15
6.1 Marking . 15
6.2 Additional marking . 15
6.3 Instructions . 16
7 Verification of requirements . 16
Annex A (normative) List of hazards . 17
Annex B (normative) Minimum space envelope for seated operator enclosure . 20
Annex C (informative) Whole body vibration . 22
C.1 Typical sources of whole body vibration for aircraft tractors . 22
C.2 Examples of technical measures suitable for whole body vibration reduction . 22
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 24
Bibliography . 25
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European foreword
This document (prEN 12312-7:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 “Aircraft
ground support equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC on
machinery.
For relationship with EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery, see informative Annex ZA, which is an
integral part of this document.
EN 12312, Aircraft ground support equipment — Specific requirements, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Passenger stairs;
— Part 2: Catering vehicles;
— Part 3: Conveyor belt vehicles;
— Part 4: Passenger boarding bridges;
— Part 5: Aircraft fuelling equipment;
— Part 6: Deicers and de-icing/anti-icing equipment;
— Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment;
— Part 8: Maintenance or service stairs and platforms;
— Part 9: Container/Pallet loaders;
— Part 10: Container/Pallet transfer transporters;
— Part 11: Container/Pallet dollies and loose load trailers;
— Part 12: Potable water service equipment;
— Part 13: Lavatory service equipment;
— Part 14: Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles;
— Part 15: Baggage and equipment tractors;
— Part 16: Air start equipment;
— Part 17: Air conditioning equipment;
— Part 18: Nitrogen or Oxygen units;
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— Part 19: Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic tail stanchions;
— Part 20: Electrical ground power units.
Annexes A and B are normative, Annex C is informative.
The main changes compared to the previous edition EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 are:
a) Amendment A1:2009 was incorporated;
b) the Introduction was updated in relation to the deviation from recommended criteria;
c) the Scope was updated to cover reasonably foreseeable misuse and an informative reference was
added;
d) Clause 2, Normative references, was updated;
e) in Clause 3, Terms and definitions, the definition for vibrations, tractor categories, the operator's
seat and the SEAT factor was clarified;
f) the List of hazards was updated to exclude hazards due to traffic and repair and was moved to
Annex A;
g) Subclause 5.3 for the requirements of seats was added.
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Introduction
This document specifies health and safety requirements, as well as some functional and performance
requirements for aircraft movement equipment intended for use on all aircraft types commonly in
service in civil air transport.
The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe,
serviceable, economical and practical aircraft movement equipment. Deviations should occur only after
careful consideration, extensive testing, risk assessment and thorough service evaluation have shown
alternative methods or conditions to be satisfactory. Such deviations are outside the scope of this
document and a manufacturer should be able to demonstrate an equivalent level of protection.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type-C
standard. Deviations from requirements do not fall within the presumption of conformity given by the
document.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which
can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of aircraft movement equipment when
used as intended, including misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, when carried out in
accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also
takes into account some performance requirements recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and
ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and handling agencies.
This document applies to:
— aircraft tractors with driver accommodation;
— pedestrian controlled aircraft movement equipment;
— moveable parts of ramp integrated systems;
— attachment bars,
used for all operations, utilizing aircraft movement equipment, e.g.:
— push back;
— maintenance towing.
Designers of towbarless tractors will in addition take into account the requirements of ISO 20683-1 or
ISO 20683-2 as applicable (see Bibliography).
This document does not apply to:
— ground power installations on aircraft tractors;
— fixed ramp integrated systems;
— special towing equipment (e.g. for recovery);
— dispatch towing tractors.
This document deals with vibrations and noise which are considered as significant. Vibration
measurements are dealt with in EN 1915-3. Noise measurements and reduction are dealt with in
EN 1915-4.
This document does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis and from other
vehicles on the apron.
This Part of EN 12312 is not applicable to aircraft movement equipment manufactured before the date
of its publication.
This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (for
vehicles) and EN 1915-4.
This part of EN 12312 when used in conjunction with EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4
provides the requirements for GSE.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1005-2, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance – Part 2: Manual handling of machinery
and component parts of machinery
EN 1175-1, Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements – Part 1: General requirements for battery
powered trucks
EN 1837, Safety of machinery - Integral lighting of machines
EN 1915-1:2013, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements – Part 1: Basic safety
requirements
EN 1915-2, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements – Part 2: Stability and strength
requirements, calculations and test methods
EN 1915-3, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements – Part 3: Vibration measurement
methods and reduction
EN 1915-4, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements – Part 4: Noise measurement
methods and reduction
EN ISO 2860, Earth-moving machinery - Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860)
EN ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery - Access systems (ISO 2867)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General principles
for design (ISO 13849-1)
ISO 8267-1, Aircraft – Tow bar attachment fittings interface requirements – Part 1: Main line aircraft
ISO 8267-2, Aircraft – Tow bar attachment fittings interface requirements – Part 2: Regional aircraft
ISO 9667:2017, Aircraft ground support equipment – Tow bars
ISO 24135-1, Industrial trucks - Specifications and test methods for operator restraint systems - Part 1:
Lap-type seat belts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1915-1:2013,
EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
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3.1
aircraft tractor
mobile machinery specially developed and designed for aircraft movement operations
3.2
towbar tractor
aircraft tractor which needs a supplementary apparatus for aircraft movement operations
3.3
towbarless tractor
aircraft tractor which can carry out aircraft movement operations without the aid of any supplementary
apparatus
3.4
nose landing gear operation
operation where a tractor or movement device is connected to the nose landing gear of the aircraft in
order to move the aircraft
Note 1 to entry: Aircraft and tractor are forming a manoeuvrable unit.
3.5
main landing gear operation
operation where a tractor is connected to the main landing gear of the aircraft in order to move the
aircraft
Note 1 to entry: Steering of the aircraft is performed by the nose landing gear.
3.6
ramp integrated system
system for aircraft movement which has a remotely controlled carriage to which the nose landing gear
of the aircraft is locked during the movement and which rides on fixed tracks embedded in the ramp
pavement
3.7
attachment device
apparatus for aircraft movement operations by hand or tractor, e.g. towbar, steering bar
3.8
towbar
device coupled between towbar tractor and towing lug of the nose landing gear
3.9
steering bar
device coupled to the nose landing gear used for steering the aircraft externally during movement
3.10
push back
moving of an aircraft from the parking position at the terminal, e.g. to the taxiway
Note 1 to entry: A push back basically consists of a rear movement of the aircraft after which a short forward
movement can be performed, e.g. for alignment.
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3.11
maintenance towing
moving of an aircraft for maintenance purposes, e.g. between the terminal and a maintenance hangar
Note 1 to entry: Maintenance towing is characterized by:
— unladen aircraft with or without fuel;
— engines of the aircraft are out of operation.
3.12
whole body vibration
vibration transmitted to the body as a whole through the buttocks of a seated operator
[SOURCE: EN 13490:2001+A1:2008, 3.1.1]
3.13
SEAT factor
Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility factor
ratio of the frequency-weighted r.m.s. acceleration at the seat and the frequency-weighted
r.m.s. acceleration values at the platform
Note 1 to entry: See EN 13490.
3.15
SIP
Seat Index Point
point on the central vertical plane of the seat as determined by EN ISO 5353
[SOURCE: EN ISO 3164:2013, 3.2]
3.16
dispatch towing
towing of a loaded (passengers, cargo, fuel) revenue flight airplane between the terminal gate or remote
parking area and a location near the departure runway
3.17
tractor categories
Note 1 to entry: The following definitions are consistent with EN 13490.
Note 2 to entry: Mean wheel diameter may be meaningless on e.g. towbarless tractors.
3.17.1
category A
tractors with wheel (mean) diameter equal to or below 800 mm and solid rubber or pneumatic tyres
3.17.2
category B
tractors with wheel (mean) diameter above 800 mm
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4 List of hazards
The list of risks and hazards (given in Annex A) is based on EN ISO 12100:2010 and contains the
hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk
assessment as significant for aircraft movement equipment and which require action to eliminate or
reduce risks. Not covered are hazards due to the traffic and repair.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Aircraft movement equipment shall conform to the relevant requirements of EN 1915-1:2013,
EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4 unless otherwise specified in this document. It shall also conform
to the specific requirements of this document.
5.1.2 Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction
measures of this clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of
EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
Stability and strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1915-2.
5.1.3 Where electronic braking control systems are used, the control system shall achieve
Performance Level “d” according to EN ISO 13849-1.
5.1.4 A tractor shall be capable of being equipped with a communication system, where there is a
need for communication from the operator’s position to the cockpit or between operating positions
(see EN 1915-1:2013, Introduction, f) – negotiation).
5.1.5 The body of aircraft tractors shall be designed to facilitate easy access for the removal of wheels
and tyres by using suitable lifting equipment.
5.1.6 Where an aircraft tractor is provided with a tow-hitch lift, this shall be secured against
unintended movements, e.g. by a positive mechanical locking pin.
5.1.7 Structural parts of pedestrian controlled aircraft movement equipment shall not obstruct the
operating range of the tiller.
5.1.8 The electrical system of battery powered aircraft movement equipment shall conform to
EN 1175-1 with the exception of standard automotive chassis.
5.1.9 Safety related parts of control systems shall be designed in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013,
5.26.1.
5.2 Driver's cabin
5.2.1 Where a driver’s cabin is provided, it shall meet the minimum space envelope requirements in
Annex B.
5.2.2 For fully enclosed cabins, in addition to the requirements in EN 1915-1:2013, 5.3.1, the rear
windscreen shall have at least one power-operated wiper.
A rear windscreen washing unit should be provided if agreed between manufacturer and user.
5.2.3 A fully enclosed cabin shall have at least one door conforming to the requirements of
EN ISO 2867, plus an emergency exit conforming to the requirements of EN ISO 2860, allowing escape
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in another direction, which may be a window. It shall be positioned as far as possible away from the
normal exit.
5.2.4 The air intake of a heater/de-mister for a fully enclosed cabin shall be connected to a fresh air
inlet. The position of the air intake shall prevent the intake of emissions, e.g. exhaust gas or electrolytic
gas.
5.3 Seats
5.3.1 Aircraft tractors shall be equipped with an adjustable seat for the driver in order to minimize
fatigue during the intended work period, see also EN 1915-1:2013, 5.2.1.
See C.2 f) for seat type selection criteria aiming at whole body vibration reduction.
5.3.2 Seat mountings shall withstand the forces which may occur during operation, e.g. braking or
coupling forces, minor collisions with other equipment.
5.3.3 It shall be possible to adjust the driver’s seat without using tools.
5.3.4 Where a weight adjustable suspension seat is fitted, the adjustment shall cater for a weight
range of at least 55 kg to 110 kg. The correct adjustment of the seat to the driver’s weight shall be easily
performed and clearly visible for the seated driver, e.g. a weight scale, an index or an automatic means
(pneumatic seat).
5.3.5 A seat belt shall be fitted to all seats and comply with ISO 24135-1 when of a lap type.
5.3.6 The driver seat shall be selected to achieve the requirements specified in Table 1. Input spectral
classes (IT) and SEAT factors are specified in EN 13490.
Table 1 — IT Class and SEAT factor
Category Wheel (mean) diameter Input spectral classes SEAT factor
A D ≤ 800 mm IT 2 < 0,8
B 800 mm < D IT 3 < 0,9
5.3.7 Driver’s seat shall comply with the requirements specified in B.2.
5.4 Steering devices
5.4.1 Tractors designed with more than one steering mode shall be equipped with an interlock to
prevent mode change unless all wheels are in the straight ahead position and unless travelling speed is
5 km/h or less. The steering mode chosen shall be clearly indicated to the operator in the driving
position.
5.4.2 Hydraulic steering systems shall be capable of ensuring that the steering supply is given priority
over any other hydraulic equipment supplied by the same power source.
5.4.3 Where electronic steering controls are used, it shall be ensured that the operator is provided
with an indication of any failure which adversely affects the performance of the steering system.
5.5 Brakes
5.5.1 The service brake of aircraft tractors shall reach a minimum braking ratio of 30 %.
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The brake control may be highly sensitive.
5.5.2 The brake force distribution shall be such that the tractor and aircraft combination decelerates
in a stable condition whilst travelling in a straight line.
5.5.3 Aircraft tractors shall be provided with a secondary brake which in the event of failure of the
service brake system shall be able to stop the tractor travelling at maximum operating speed with a
minimum braking ratio of 20 %.
5.5.4 The secondary brake can be an integral part of the service brake or if mechanically applied, it
can be combined with the parking brake. Where combined with the parking brake it shall also conform
to 5.5.5 and 5.5.6.
5.5.5 Aircraft tractors shall be equipped with a parking brake that secures the tractor itself against
rolling away with a braking ratio of at least 18 %.
5.5.6 Where simultaneous actuation of both service and parking brake can result in an overload of the
aircraft nose landing gear, this shall be prevented by the design of the braking systems, except in the
event of a recordable emergency braking procedure, which is to be followed by a nose landing gear
inspection.
5.6 Operating speeds
5.6.1 Aircraft tractors shall be designed so that the travelling speed of the tractor or the tractor and
-1
aircraft combination does not exceed 32 km⋅h
-1
NOTE Circumstances where a tractor and aircraft combination can exceed 32 km⋅h (“dispatch” or “high
speed” towing) are not dealt with in this document.
5.6.2 The raising and lowering speed of liftable driver’s cabins shall not exceed 0,2 m/s.
5.7 Lights and reflectors
5.7.1 Aircraft tractors designed to be used for two driving directions shall have full lighting
equipment according to EN 1915-1:2013, 5.11, at both ends. The respective lights shall be automatically
activated when the driving direction is selected.
5.7.2 Aircraft tractors shall be provided with lights to illuminate the coupling areas. Their design shall
conform to EN 1837. The minimum luminous flux of the lamp shall be 250 lm.
5.7.3 Interior illumination of operator’s cabins shall be sufficient to read instructions.
5.7.4 Aircraft tractors shall have warning beacons fitted at positions where they are clearly visible
from all sides and where they do not affect the operator’s view. Aircraft tractors with driver
accommodation positioned at either end shall have at least two warning beacons.
5.7.5 Towbars and steering bars shall have two amber side reflectors on each side, fitted near the
coupling ends in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013, 5.11.2.
5.7.6 Towbars and steering bars with a length of more than 2,5 m shall have additional amber side
reflectors, fitted in central position in accordance with EN 1915-1:2013, 5.11.2.
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5.8 Aircraft related requirements
5.8.1 Forces occurring during intended use of aircraft movement equipment shall remain within the
limits as specified for each aircraft.
NOTE 1 Overload protection can be achieved by means of a movement equipment integrated system or
overload protection devices like shear pins.
NOTE 2 Forces occurring during movement are e.g.:
— acceleration and deceleration forces;
— forces from braking;
— towing forces, when towing is attempted while the aircraft brakes are applied or wheel chocks are in place;
— torsional forces;
— loads induced due to “raking”.
5.8.2 Tractors shall facilitate smooth and controlled acceleration and deceleration. Pick-up and
release systems, where applicable, shall faci
...
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