SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999
01-november-1999
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Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part J01: General principles for measurement of
surface colour (ISO 105-J01:1997)
Textilien - Farbechtheitsprüfungen - Teil J01: Grundlagen für die Messung von
Körperfarben (ISO 105-J01:1997)
Textiles - Essais de solidité des teintures - Partie J01: Principes généraux du mesurage
de la couleur de surface (ISO 105-J01:1997)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 105-J01:1999
ICS:
59.080.01 Tekstilije na splošno Textiles in general
SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 105-J01
Fourth edition
1997-12-15
Textiles — Tests for colour fastness —
Part J01:
General principles for measurement of surface
colour
Textiles — Essais de solidité des teintures —
Partie J01: Principes généraux du mesurage de la couleur de surface
A
Reference number
ISO 105-J01:1997(E)

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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999
ISO 105-J01:1997(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 105-J01 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 1, Tests for coloured textiles and
colorants.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition
(ISO 105-J01:1989), which has been technically revised.
ISO 105 was previously published in thirteen “parts”, each designated by a
letter (e.g. “Part A”), with publication dates between 1978 and 1985. Each
part contained a series of “sections”, each designated by the respective
part letter and by a two-digit serial number (e.g. “Section A01”). These
sections are now being republished as separate documents, themselves
designated “parts” but retaining their earlier alphanumeric designations. A
complete list of these parts is given in ISO 105-A01.
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 105. Annex B is for
information only.
©  ISO 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 105-J01:1997(E)
Textiles — Tests for colour fastness —
Part J01:
General principles for measurement of surface colour
1 Scope
This part of ISO 105 is designed as a reference document to support the proper measurement of the colour
of specimens by instrumental means as required in many parts of ISO 105. The document describes
general concepts and problems associated with reflectance colour measurement.
Annex A specifies techniques and specimen handling procedures.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this part of ISO 105. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreement based on this part of ISO 105 are encouraged to investigate
the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and
ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 139:1973, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
1)
CIE Publication No. 15.2, Colorimetry, 2nd ed. (1986) .
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 105, the following definitions apply.
3.1 colour measurement: A numerical representation of the colour of a specimen obtained by use of
a colour measuring instrument; a single measurement may represent an average of multiple readings of a
specimen.
____________
1)  Available from the International Commission on Illumination Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna,
Austria.
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SIST EN ISO 105-J01:1999
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ISO 105-J01:1997(E)
3.2 colour measuring instrument: Any device (such as a colorimeter or spectrophotometer) used to
measure the relative amount of radiation reflected from a specimen in the visible region of the spectrum
(comprising the wavelengths from 360 nm to 780 nm, and including as a minimum the region from
400 nm to 700 nm).
3.3 geometry (of a colour measuring instrument): One of the following illumination/viewing
conditions.
d/0 0/d 0/45 45/0
which describes the angle or manner in which a colour measuring instrument
1) illuminates the specimen:
d0 0 45
2) views the resulting reflected light:
d450
0(0°-10°)
d = diffuse; 0 = normal (0° to 10°); 45 (45° ± 2°) = tolerable range of the angle between the direction of
illumination or viewing and the normal to the specimen.
NOTE —  Instruments of different geometries may produce different colorimetric results on most textile
materials.
3.4 area-of-view [optical aperture] (of a colour measuring instrument): The dimensions (size and
shape) of the surface area that a colour measuring instrument is capable of covering in a single colour
measurement.
3.5 fluorescence: A phenomenon in which radiant flux of certain wavelengths is absorbed and
re-emitted at other, usually longer, wavelengths.
3.6 reflectance: The ratio of the reflected radiant or luminous flux (light) to the incident flux in the
given conditions.
3.7 reflectance factor: The ratio of the flux reflected from the specimen to the flux reflected from the
perfect reflecting diffuser under the same geometric and spectral conditions of measurement.
3.8 specular reflection: The reflection without diffusion, in accordance with the laws of optical
reflection, as in a mirror.
3.9 standardization (of colour measuring instrument): The act of measuring one or more calibrated
materials with a colour measuring instrument for the purpose of calculating a set of correction factors to
be applied to subsequent measurements.
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NOTE —  Calibration is typically performed by an instrument manufacturer to ensure that the instrument meets
the criteria as established by national standardizing laboratories.
3.10 verification standard: In colour measurement, any stable material which is used for the purpose
of confirming (or verifying) the validity of an instrument standardization. Colour measurements, which
are made immediately following a standardization, are compared to original measurements of the standard
to detect improper standardization.
4 Principle
Materials of an opaque or nearly opaque nature (but not translucent) are measured by reflectance methods
in order to obtain a numerical representation of the colour of the specimen.
NOTES
1  Proper equipment set-up, standardization of the colour measuring instrument and proper presentation of the test
specimens to the instrument are required to achieve consistent, reliable and meaningful reflectance measurement
results.
2  In general, instrumental colour measurement procedures are dictated by the type of specimen to be measured
and the instrument with which it will be measured. Many types of colour measuring instrumentation are available,
differing in such features as area-of-view, illumination method, and geometry. The user is cautioned that
conflicting results may be obtained on comparisons of data acquired on instruments of different designs.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Reflectance colour measuring instrument, for illuminating a specimen and measuring the
amount of light which is reflected from the surface of the specimen. Illumination is usually polychromatic
(white light); however monochromatic mode is acceptable for nonfluorescent specimens. Reflectance
colour measuring instruments may be broadly divided into two groups:
a) Spectrophotometers (typically diffuse/0, using polychromatic illumination) separate and measure
the spectrum of light reflected from the specimen relative to a reference white at regular intervals
(wavelength intervals of 5 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm are most common). These data may be used to
calculate the desired tristimulus values (X,Y,Z) for any given illuminant and observer. Some
spectrophotometers (typically 0/diffuse) illuminate the sample with monochromatic light and measure
the amount of light reflected from the surface as the sample is illuminated at regular wavelength
intervals.
b) Colorimeters measure the tristimulus values (X,Y,Z) directly through broadband filters which are
designed to produce colorimetric values for one illuminant and observer (typically C/2). Measurement
of reflectance factors at specific wavelengths is not possible with a colorimeter.
Within these two categories, the instruments are further defined by their geometry as defined in 3.3.
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Diffuse/0 (sphere) instruments illuminate the specimen indirectly when the specimen is placed against a
port opening into a diffusely illuminated sphere and view the specimen at an angle between 0� and 10�
from the perpendicular. This arrangement is designed to capture all light reflected from the specimen.
Some sphere instruments with a viewing angle greater than 0� include a specular port which permits the
inclusion or exclusion of the specular reflectance.
0/diffuse (sphere) instruments are similar, but the path of illumination and viewing are reversed. This
method illuminates the sample at an angle between 0� and 10� and measures the amount of light reflected
from the surface into the sphere.
Instruments with 45/0 (or 0/45) geometry illuminate the specimen at the first angle and view the specimen
at the second. These two geometries can be either circumferential (viewing or illuminating at 45 to the
specimen in a complete circle) or directional. For most textile samples, either 45/0 or 0/45 yield
equivalent results.
5.2 White calibrated standard, with which to standardize the instrument. The colorimetric values for
this calibration standard are stored in the instrument or the software and require only that a specific
standard be used to standardize the instrument. The correct white standard is usually identified with a
serial number.
5.3 Black standard, required for some instruments. It may be of zero reflectance (a light trap) or it
may be calibrated, in which case the comments in 5.2 apply.
6 Procedure
6.1 General
a) Collect and prepare specimen, noting any special sampling and/or conditioning procedures that may
be required as described in 6.3 (see also annex A).
b) Standardize instrument according to 6.2. Maintain a record of the procedure and the results of any
verification standards measured.
c) Present specimen to colour measuring instrument following any special techniques required for the
type of material being measured per section 6.4 (see also annex A).
d) Measure the colour of the specimen, obtaining the appropriate spectral reflectance factors (or
tristimulus values if a colorimeter is used).
e) Calculate colorimetric values, if required, as described in clause 7.
6.2 Standardization
Proper standardization of any colour measuring instrument is necessary in order to achieve more precise
and accurate results. While different types of instruments require varying methods of standardization,
there are common principles which shall be observed.
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In general, instrument standardization involves measuring a clean white surface of known reflectance
factors and calculating (through software built into the instrument or computer program) a series of
correction factors which will be applied to subsequent measurements. Some instruments also require a
black tile (or light trap), and possibly a grey tile. Each of these materials shall be maintained in its original
clean, unscratched condition. Refer to the specific manufacturer's recommendations for cleaning
instructions.
The frequency with which this standardization is performed depends on many factors including the type
of instrument, the environmental conditions in which the instrument operates, and the required accuracy
of the results. For most applications, an interval of 2 h to 4 h is acceptable.
Once the standardization step has been performed, it is important to verify the success of the procedure
by measuring some coloured materials (verification standards) and comparing the resulting colorimetric
values to the original values for these materials. If the measured values do not fall within an acceptable
variation from their original values, the standardization is not considered valid. The number of
verification standards and the acceptability limits depend on user requirements, but are typically 1 to
3 standards and an acceptance limit of 0,20 DECMC(2:1)D /10 units.
65
6.3 Sampling
All measurements taken on colour measuring instrumentation involve "sampling". The area-of-view of
the instrument, the number of presentations averaged to produce a single measurement, the difficulty of
presenting the specimen to the instrument, and the accuracy with which the sample represents the object
of concern (garment, roll, dyelot, etc.) all play important parts in achieving meaningful and reproducible
results.
NOTE —  Refer to ASTM method E1345 and SAE method J1545 for techniques in establishing sampling
procedures. A brief description of J1545 is given in annex A.
6.4 Specimen preparation
The ideal specimen to measure is a rigid, non-textured, inert, opaque specimen of uniform colour. Such
ideal specimens do not exist in textiles, so it becomes necessary to employ techniques and practices when
measuring most textile materials which eliminate or reduce to acceptable levels the effect any specimen
characteristics have on the instrumental colour measurement. Specific procedures and techniques for
handling specimens which meet the following characteristics are presented in annex A.
a) Fluorescence of the specimen (from dyes or fluorescent whitening agents [FWAs]) will influence the
results depending on the amount of fluorescing material present and the amount and quality of
ultraviolet and visible energy in
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