SIST EN 14163:2004

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Transportni cevovodni sistemi - Varjenje cevovodov (ISO 13847:2000, spremenjen)Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrien - Rohrleitungstransportsysteme - Schweißen von Rohrleitungen (ISO 13847:2000 modifiziert)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Conduites pour systemes de transport - Soudage des conduites (ISO 13847:2000 modifiée)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation systems - Welding of pipelines (ISO 13847:2000 modified)75.200Petroleum products and natural gas handling equipment25.160.10Varilni postopki in varjenjeWelding processesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14163:2001SIST EN 14163:2004en01-maj-2004SIST EN 14163:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 14163:2004



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14163December 2001ICS 25.160.10; 75.200English versionPetroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportationsystems - Welding of pipelines (ISO 13847:2000 modified)Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Conduites poursystèmes de transport - Soudage des conduites (ISO13847:2000 modifiée)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 October 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14163:2001 ESIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)2ContentspageExplanary Note.3Foreword.4Introduction.51Scope.62Normative references.63Terms and definitions.74Symbols and abbreviated terms.95Welding procedure specification testing and approval.106Approval and testing of welders and welding operators.267Production welding.308Non-destructive examination.369Acceptance criteria for non-destructive examination.4210Repair and removal of defects.4711Documentation.47Annex A (informative)
Hyperbaric welding.49Annex B (informative)
Special requirements for welding of CRA-clad steel and CRA pipelines.51Annex C (informative)
Recommendations for brazing and aluminothermic welding of anode leads.53Annex D (informative)
Examples of NDE examination reports.54Annex ZA (normative)
Normative references to international publications with their Europeanpublication correspondence.58Bibliography.59SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)3Explanary NoteISO 13847:2000, developed within ISO/TC 67 SC 2, has been taken over as a European Standard EN 14163(ISO 13847:2000 modified).The scope of ISO/TC 67/SC 2 is pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industrieswithout exclusions. However in CEN, the scopes of CEN/TC 12 and CEN/TC 234 overlapped until 1995.This scopeoverlap caused problems for the parallel procedure for the above mentioned item. The conflict in scope wasresolved when both the CEN/Technical Committees and the CEN/BT took the following resolution:Resolution BT 38/1995:Subject: Revised scope of CEN/TC 12“BT endorses the conclusions of the coordination meeting between CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment andoffshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries” and CEN/TC 234 “Gas supply” and modifiesthe CEN/TC 12 scope, to read:“Standardization of the materials, equipment and offshore structures used in drilling, production, refiningand the transport by pipelines of petroleum and natural gas, excluding on-land supply systems used by thegas supply industry and those aspects of offshore structures covered by IMO requirement (ISO/TC 8).The standardization is to be achieved wherever possible by the adoption of ISO Standards.”Resulting from Resolution BT 38/1995, "gas supply on land" has been excluded from the scope ofISO 13847:2000 for the European adoption by CEN/TC 12.Equivalence with European Standards is provided in Annex ZASIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)4ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 "Materials, equipment andoffshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byJune 2002.Annex ZA forms a normative part of this European Standard.Annexes A, B, C and D of this European Standard are for information only.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)5IntroductionUsers of this European Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed forindividual applications. This European Standard is not intended to inhibit a contractor from offering, or the companyfrom accepting, alternative engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly applicablewhere there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the manufacturer shouldidentify any variations from this European Standard and provide details.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)61 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the requirements for producing and inspecting girth, branch and fillet welds inthe pipeline part of pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries meeting therequirements of ISO 13623.On-land supply systems used by the gas supply industry are excluded from the scope of the InternationalStandard.This European Standard is applicable to the requirements for welding of carbon and low-alloy steel pipes.Application is restricted to pipes with a diameter of 20 mm and larger and wall thickness of 3 mm or more, and aspecified minimum yield strength of 555 MPa or less. It is also applicable to welding into pipelines, items such asspools, risers, launchers/receivers, fittings, flanges and “pups” to pipeline valves.The welding processes covered are shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding,flux-cored arc welding with and without shielding gas, and submerged arc welding.This European Standard is not applicable to flash girth welding, resistance welding, solid-phase welding or otherone-shot welding processes, nor to longitudinal welds in pipe or fittings, to “hot-tap” welding of pipelines in serviceor to the welding of process piping outside of the scope of ISO 13623.NOTEAdditional requirements may be necessary for welding of pipeline for particular pipeline operating conditions. Thesecan include limitations on maximum hardness or strength, minimum impact toughness values, crack tip-opening displacement,all weld metal tensile testing or bend testing, thermal stress relief or others. Where appropriate, these additional requirementsshould be added to the requirements of this European Standard in a project-specific supplement.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 876:19951), Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusionwelded joints.EN 1043-1:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Hardness test onarc welded joints.EN 1321:1996, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination ofwelds.ISO 148:19832), Steel — Charpy impact test (V-notch).ISO 857-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1 : Metal welding processes.ISO 1106-3:1984, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints — Part 3: Fusionwelded circumferential joints in steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall thickness.ISO 3452:1984, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — General principles.
1)CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Management Centre, Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.2)To be replaced by ISO 148-1:— (to be published), ISO 148-2:1998 and ISO 148-3:1998.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)7ISO 3453:1984, Non-destructive testing — Liquid penetrant inspection — Means of verification.ISO 4136:1989, Fusion-welded butt joints in steel — Transverse tensile test.ISO 5173, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend test.ISO 6507-1:1997, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method.ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials —Part 1 : Fusion welding.ISO 6947:1990, Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation.ISO 7963:1985, Welds in steel — Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds.ISO 9712:1999, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel.ISO 9935:1992, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant flaw detectors — General technical requirements.ISO 9956-2:1995, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 2: Weldingprocedure specification for arc welding.ISO 9956-3:1995, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Weldingprocedure tests for arc welding of steels.ISO 10474:1991, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents.ISO 13623:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems.ISO 14732:1998, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistanceweld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.ASME3) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V:1998 — Nondestructive examination.AWS A5.01-93:19934), Filler metal procurement guidelines.AWS C5.3-91:1991, Recommended practices for air carbon arc gouging and cutting.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1, ISO 6520-1 and thefollowing apply.3.1approved welderwelder who has been approved in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard3.2approved welding operatorwelding operator who has been approved in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard
3)American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA.4)The American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126, USA.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)83.3approved welding procedure specificationwelding procedure specification which has been approved in accordance with the requirements of this EuropeanStandard[ISO 9956-1:1995]3.4arc energyproduct of welding voltage and current divided by travel speed of weldingNOTEThe often-used term “heat input” is more correctly the arc energy modified by an arc efficiency factor.3.5by agreementagreed between the company and the contractor3.6companyowner company or the engineering agency in charge of constructionNOTEThe company may act through an inspector or other authorized representative. The company may also be thecontractor in some instances.3.7contractorentity that actually performs the work covered by this European Standard3.8girth weldcircumferential butt weld in pipe3.9internal repairrepair of the root pass from inside the pipe3.10mechanized weldingwelding process in which the welding parameters and torch guidance are controlled mechanically or electronicallybut may be manually varied during welding to maintain the required welding conditions3.11one-shot welding processprocess characterized by fusion or metallic bonding being induced around the entire circumference of the pipesimultaneouslyEXAMPLESFlash welding, friction welding or pressure welding.3.12penumbrashadow produced on a radiographic image when the incident radiation is partially, but not wholly, cut off by anintervening bodyNOTEIt is the region of geometric unsharpness around the image of an indication.3.13roll weldingwelding process in which two pipes are abutted in a horizontal position and rotated while one or more weldingpasses are deposited between previously prepared bevels on the abutting endsSIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)93.14test piecewelded assembly prepared for the purpose of approving a welding procedure specification, welder or weldingoperator3.15welderperson who holds and manipulates the electrode holder, welding gun, torch or blowpipe by hand[ISO 9606-1:1994/Amd.1:1998]3.16weld repairprocess of correcting a defect that is discovered after the weld has been completed and submitted for inspectionNOTEThe repair may involve complete removal of a cylinder of pipe or removal of a localized area by grinding or othermeans followed by additional welding.3.17welding operatorperson who performs mechanized and/or automatic welding[ISO 14732:1998]3.18welding procedurespecific course of action to be followed in making a weld, including reference to materials, preparation, preheating(if necessary), method and control of welding and post-weld heat treatment (if necessary) and equipment to beused[ISO 9956-1:1995]3.19welding procedure specificationWPSdocument providing the required variables for a specific welding procedure4 Symbols and abbreviated termsAWTAll-weld-metal tensile testCECarbon equivalentCRACorrosion-resistant alloyCTODCrack tip opening displacementDACDistance amplitude correctionECAEngineering critical assessmentGMAWGas metal arc welding (Process ISO 4063-13)GSFCAWGas-shielded flux-cored arc welding (Processes ISO 4063-136, 137)GTAWGas tungsten arc welding (Process ISO 4063-141)HAZHeat-affected zoneSIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)10HVVickers hardnessIQIImage quality indicatorLPELiquid penetrant examinationMPEMagnetic particle examinationNDENon-destructive examinationODOutside diameter of pipePcmCracking compositional parameterPWHTPost-weld heat treatmentrNominal internal radiusSAWSubmerged arc welding (Process ISO 4063-12)SMAWShielded metal arc welding (Process ISO 4063-111)SMYSSpecified minimum yield strengthSSFCAWSelf-shielded flux-cored arc welding (Process ISO 4063-114)tWall thicknessUEUltrasonic examinationVEVisual examinationWPSWelding procedure specification5 Welding procedure specification testing and approval5.1 GeneralFor approval of a WPS, test pieces shall be welded, inspected and tested in accordance with ISO 9956-3 and 5.3and 5.4 of this European Standard.A WPS shall be deemed to be approved only if all the requirements for approval specified in this EuropeanStandard and the supplementary requirements specified by the company have been met.An inspector accepted by the company shall witness the welding and testing of the test pieces for the approval of aWPS.Prior to the start of production welding, the contractor shall submit to the company for agreement either thepreliminary WPS(s) to be approved, or the WPS(s) already approved, in accordance with this European Standard.This process may be omitted when the company has supplied the contractor with an appropriately approved WPS.Test pieces should be welded using project-specific materials.5.2 Welding procedure specificationThe WPS shall incorporate the technical contents specified in ISO 9956-2, in 5.6 of this European Standard and,when applicable, the following :SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)11 steel grade and supply condition ;EXAMPLESNormalized, quenched and tempered, cold-formed and thermomechanically processed, normalizing formed. number and location of welders ; time lapse between start of root pass and start of second (hot) pass ; type of line-up clamp or tack welding ; preheating procedure ; extent of welding required before removal of line-up clamp or other line-up device ; part of weld to be completed before joint is permitted to cool to ambient temperature ; method for control of cooling ; part of weld to be completed before lowering off, i.e. from side boom to pipe support, or barge move-up ; action required for partially completed welds.The company may require information on the method used for NDE of test welds to be documented.Where the intended installation and/or service application of the welded pipeline involves significant plastic strain,such as during pipe-reeling or J-tube installation, the use of documented strain-ageing data and/or supplementarytesting should be considered to demonstrate adequate evidence of strain-ageing resistance.Weldability tests may be required to provide the necessary information for the selection of welding variables for aWPS.All relevant welding parameters and variables shall be specified individually in accordance with ISO 9956-2 if apreviously approved WPS is offered to the company for agreement.NOTEFor steel grades with increased susceptibility to delayed hydrogen cracking due to welding, such as with a SMYS of555 MPa or higher, the WPS may be designed to prevent such cracking from occurring. The welding of these grades of pipemay also require the use of low hydrogen processes, PWHT, and a delay period prior to inspection.5.3 Welding of test piece5.3.1 Preliminary WPSThe preparation for and welding of test pieces shall be carried out in accordance with a documented preliminaryWPS.5.3.2 Test welding conditionsTest pieces should be welded under conditions that simulate those of the site production location (see 7.3 and 7.4).5.3.3 Welding positionWelding positions and limitations for the angle of slope and rotation of the test piece shall be in accordance withISO 6947.5.3.4 Tack weldsTest pieces shall be tack-welded only if tack welding is necessary during production welding.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)125.3.5 Shape and dimensions of test pieces5.3.5.1 Girth weldsTest pieces for the approval of a WPS for girth welding shall be made by joining pipes with a minimum length ofone diameter or 300 mm, whichever is greater. Certain situations may require the use of full pipelengths.5.3.5.2 Branch connections and fillet weldsTest pieces for the approval of a WPS for welding branch connections or fillet welds shall be of the shape anddimensions specified in ISO 9956-3.5.3.5.3 Welds between different materialsTest pieces may be welded for the approval of a WPS from two different materials, provided the test pieces canprovide sufficient material for all the testing required for each material.EXAMPLEA weld between pipe and a forged flange is subjected to appropriate mechanical testing on both sides of the weld.5.4 Inspection and testing of test pieces5.4.1 Scope of inspection and testingThe extent of inspection and testing of test pieces for the approval of a WPS for girth welding shall be inaccordance with Table 1.Table 1 — Inspection and testing of the test pieces for girth weldingType of inspection/testExtent of inspection/testingVisual100 %Radiographic a100 %Transverse tensile test2 specimensImpact test b2 sets for t u 20 mm4 sets for t
20 mmMacro-examination and hardness test c1 specimenAll-weld-metal tensile test dby agreementaThis may be supplemented by UE by agreement.bTests may not be required for pipe with t u12 mm or with SMYS < 360 MPa.cThe company may decide that, for material with SMYS < 420 MPa, hardness testing is not necessary.dOptional requirement to confirm overmatching of the yield strength of the weld metal.The extent of inspection and testing of test pieces for the approval of a WPS for fillet and branch welds shall beestablished by agreement.5.4.2 Non-destructive examinationAll test pieces shall be examined visually and non-destructively in accordance with clause 8 following any requiredPWHT and prior to cutting of the test specimens.Test welds for the approval of a WPS for shop welding shall be subjected to NDE no sooner than 24 h aftercompletion of welding.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)13The NDE shall be reported in accordance with clause 8 and the results shall meet the acceptance criteria inclause 9.5.4.3 Destructive testing — Girth welding5.4.3.1 Cutting of test specimensTest specimens shall be taken from test pieces which have met the acceptance criteria for NDE. Test pieces whichfail to meet these criteria shall be disregarded for destructive testing for WPS approval.Test specimens may be taken from locations free of acceptable imperfections revealed by NDE.Locations of test specimens for fixed horizontal-position welding and fixed vertical-position welding should be inaccordance with Figures 1 and 2. Locations of test specimens for roll welding may be selected from Figure 1 orFigure 2.Key1Area 1 for : 1 tensile specimen2Area 2 for : Impact and additional test specimens if required3Area 3 for : 1 tensile specimen4Area 4 for : 1 macro test specimen1 hardness test specimen5Area 5 for : AWT specimens6Top for fixed pipeFigure 1 — Location of test specimens for a fixed-position girth weld in pipe for upwards weldingSIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)14Key1Area 1 for : 1 tensile specimen2Area 2 for : 1macro test specimen1 hardness test specimen3Area 3 for : 1 tensile specimen4Area 4 for : Impact and additional test specimens if required5Area 5 for : AWT specimens6Top for fixed pipeFigure 2 — Location of test specimens for a fixed-position girth weld in pipe for downwards welding5.4.3.2 Degassing of test specimensBy agreement, and only for welds made using cellulosic-coated electrodes, test specimens may be degassed byheat treatment at 250 °C for a period not exceeding 10 h.5.4.3.3 Test temperatureDestructive testing shall be performed at ambient temperature except for impact testing (see 5.4.3.5) or CTODtesting. For design-service temperatures greater than 75 °C, consideration should be given to performing elevated-temperature tensile tests.5.4.3.4 Transverse tensile testingTransverse tensile specimens shall be prepared and tested in accordance with ISO 4136.For pipes greater than 50 mm OD, the weld reinforcement shall be removed on both faces of the specimen.Removal of the reinforcement is not required for specimens from pipe with an OD of 50 mm or less.When testing full-section small-diameter pipes, the weld reinforcement may be left undressed on the inside surfaceof the pipe if removal of the reinforcement is not possible.Specimens shall fail in the pipe or the weld metal at the specified minimum tensile strength or higher or in the pipemetal outside the weld or fusion zone at a stress of 95 % of the specified minimum tensile strength or higher.Failure of specimens outside the weld or fusion zone at less than 95 % of the specified minimum tensile strengthmay be an indication of a base material deficiency, and an equal number of additional specimens shall be cut fromthe same test joint for tensile testing. These additional specimens shall fail at the specified minimum tensilestrength or higher.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)15If any of the additional specimens break outside the weld or fusion zone below the tensile strength stated, the pipeshall be considered suspect, and its physical properties investigated and confirmed to meet specified values beforecontinuing with test welding for WPS approval.5.4.3.5 Impact testingCharpy V-notch specimens shall be sampled from 1 mm to 2 mm below the surface of the parent metal andtranverse to the weld direction, as indicated in Figure 3. Full-size Charpy specimens shall be utilized where pipewall thickness permits.For each location indicated in Figure 3, a single impact test set shall comprise three test specimens.For weld metal tests, the specimen notch shall be at the weld centreline. For HAZ tests the notch shall be locatedwith the HAZ-weld fusion line through the centreline of the vertical V-notch.Specimen dimensions and test procedure shall be in accordance with ISO 148. The test temperature shall be theminimum design temperature.The results of full-size specimen impact testing for welds in pipe with a wall thickness of 25 mm or less shall meetthe following requirements.a) The average value for each set of Charpy V-notch specimens shall not be less than 40 J ;b) the minimum individual value for a maximum of one specimen of the three shall not be less than 30 J.The above impact energy value requirements may be reduced pro rata for sub-size specimens.By agreement, for welds in pipe with a wall thickness in excess of 25 mm, higher impact energy values or CTODtesting may be specified.5.4.3.6 Macro-examinationSpecimens and method of macro-examination for the approval of a WPS shall be in accordance with EN 1321.For PG, PF, H-L045 and J-L045 welding positions (see Figure 4), one specimen shall be taken at a locationcorresponding approximately to the 3 o’clock position and one specimen corresponding approximately to the6 o’clock position.The specimens shall be free from cracks and lack of fusion. Any other imperfections shall be within the limitsspecified in clause 9.5.4.3.7 Hardness testingHardness testing shall be in accordance with ISO 6507-1 using the Vickers method with a test force of 98,07 N.NOTEA test force of 49,03 N may be necessary for the narrow heat-affected zone in some welds made with mechanizedor automatic processes.Hardness shall be measured and recorded in rows across the weld metal, the HAZ and the parent metal asindicated in EN 1043-1. For the HAZ, the first indentation shall be made as close as possible to the fusion line. Theprecise locations of each row shall be by agreement.The results from hardness testing shall meet the requirements given in Table 2. By agreement, retesting ispermitted only in the event that a single hardness value exceeds the maximum allowable values of Table 2.Parent material hardness results shall be for information only.SIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)16Dimensions in millimetresNotch location : Weld metal rootNotch location : HAZ rootFigure 3 a) Wall thickness
20 mmNotch location: Weld metalNotch location : HAZNotch location : Weld metal rootSIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)17Notch location: HAZ rootFigure 3 b) Wall thickness > 20 mmFigure 3 — Position of Charpy V-notch specimensSIST EN 14163:2004



EN 14163:2001 (E)18PApipe : rotatingaxis : horizontalweld : flatPGpipe : fixedaxis : horizontalweld : vertical downwardPFpipe: fixedaxis: horizontalweld: vertical upwardPCpipe: fixedaxis: verticalweld: horizontalH-L045pipe : fixedaxis : inclinedweld : upwardJ-L045pipe : fix
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