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TECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 60919-1
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT December 2005

ICS 29.200; 29.240.99


English version


Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems
with line-commutated converters
Part 1: Steady-state conditions
(IEC/TR 60919-1:2005)


Fonctionnement des systèmes à courant Betriebsverhalten netzgeführter
continu haute tension (CCHT) Stromrichter in Hochspannungs-
à convertisseurs commutés par le réseau gleichstrom (HGÜ)-Systemen
Partie 1: Spécification des conditions de Teil 1: Bedingungen im eingeschwungenen
fonctionnement en régime établi Zustand
(CEI/TR 60919-1:2005) (IEC 62102:2001)






This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2005-07-09.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. CLC/TR 60919-1:2005 E

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CLC/TR 60919-1:2005 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of the Technical Report IEC/TR 60919-1, prepared by SC 22F, Power electronics for
electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC TC 22, Power electronic systems and
equipment, was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 60919-1 on
2005-07-09 without any modification.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the Technical Report IEC/TR 60919-1:2005 was approved by CENELEC as a Technical
Report without any modification.
__________

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- 3 - CLC/TR 60919-1:2005
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60146-1-1 1991 Semiconductor convertors - General EN 60146-1-1 1993
+ A1 1996 requirements and line commutated + A1 1997
convertors
Part 1-1: Specifications of basic
requirements

IEC 60146-1-2 1991 Part 1-2: Application guide - -

IEC 60146-1-3 1991 Part 1-3: Transformers and reactors EN 60146-1-3 1993

IEC 60633 1998 Terminology for high-voltage direct EN 60633 1999
current (HVDC) transmission

IEC 61803 1999 Determination of power losses in high- EN 61803 1999
voltage direct current (HVDC) converter
stations

CISPR 16 series Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016 series
immunity measuring apparatus and
methods

ISO 1996-1 2003 Acoustics – Description, measurement - -
and assessment of environmental noise
Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment
procedures

CIGRE Guide to the specification and design - -
Brochure No. 139 evaluation of AC filters for HVDC systems

CIGRE Protocol for reporting the operational - -
Report 14-97 performance of HVDC transmission
systems

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TECHNICAL IEC


REPORT TR


60919-1




Second edition
2005-03

Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC)
systems with line-commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions


 IEC 2005  Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
XC

International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
For price, see current catalogue

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– 2 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E)
CONTENTS

FOREWORD.6

1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .10
3 Types of HVDC systems .10
3.1 General .10
3.2 HVDC back-to-back system .11
3.3 Monopolar earth return HVDC system .12
3.4 Monopolar metallic return HVDC system .14
3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system.15
3.6 Bipolar metallic return HVDC system.18
3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole .20
3.8 Converter transformer arrangements.20
3.9 DC switching considerations .20
3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems .25
4 Environment information .27
5 Rated power, current and voltage .31
5.1 Rated power.31
5.2 Rated current .31
5.3 Rated voltage .32
6 Overload and equipment capability .32
6.1 Overload .32
6.2 Equipment capability.33
7 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state .34
7.1 General .34
7.2 Minimum current.34
7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation .35
7.4 No-load stand-by state.35
8 AC system.36
8.1 General .36
8.2 AC voltage .36
8.3 Frequency .37
8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency.38
8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies.38
8.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance .38
8.7 Other sources of harmonics .38
8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) .38
9 Reactive power.39
9.1 General .39
9.2 Conventional HVDC systems .39
9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes .41
9.4 Converter reactive power consumption.41

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TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E) – 3 –
9.5 Reactive power balance with the a.c. system.41
9.6 Reactive power supply.42
9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks.42
10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode .42
10.1 General .42
10.2 Overhead line(s).43
10.3 Cable line(s).43
10.4 Earth electrode line .44
10.5 Earth electrode.44
11 Reliability .44
11.1 General .44
11.2 Outage .44
11.3 Capacity.45
11.4 Outage duration terms .45
11.5 Energy unavailability (EU).46
11.6 Energy availability (EA).47
11.7 Maximum permitted number of forced outages .47
11.8 Statistical probability of outages.47
12 HVDC control .48
12.1 Control objectives.48
12.2 Control structure.48
12.3 Control order settings .54
12.4 Current limits.54
12.5 Control circuit redundancy .55
12.6 Measurements.55
13 Telecommunication.55
13.1 Types of telecommunication links.55
13.2 Telephone .56
13.3 Power line carrier (PLC) .56
13.4 Microwave .56
13.5 Radio link .57
13.6 Optical fibre telecommunication .57
13.7 Classification of data to be transmitted.57
13.8 Fast response telecommunication .58
13.9 Reliability .58
14 Auxiliary power supplies .58
14.1 General .58
14.2 Reliability and load classification.59
14.3 AC auxiliary supplies .60
14.4 Batteries and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) .60
14.5 Emergency supply .61
15 Audible noise .61
15.1 General .61
15.2 Public nuisance .61
15.3 Noise in working areas .62

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– 4 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E)
16 Harmonic interference – AC .63
16.1 AC side harmonic generation .63
16.2 Filters.63
16.3 Interference disturbance criteria.67
16.4 Levels for interference .68
16.5 Filter performance .69
17 Harmonic interference – DC.69
17.1 DC side interference.69
17.2 DC filter performance.71
17.3 Specification requirements.72
18 Power line carrier interference (PLC) .75
18.1 General .75
18.2 Performance specification.76
19 Radio interference .77
19.1 Radio interference (RI) from HVDC systems.77
19.2 RI performance specification.78
20 Power losses.79
20.1 General .79
20.2 Main contributing sources .79
21 Provision for extensions to the HVDC systems .80
21.1 General .80
21.2 Specification for extensions .80

Bibliography .83


Figure 1 – Twelve-pulse converter unit .8
Figure 2 – Examples of back-to-back HVDC systems.11
Figure 3 – Monopolar earth return system .12
Figure 4 – Two 12-pulse units in series .13
Figure 5 – Two 12-pulse units in parallel .14
Figure 6 – Monopolar metallic return system .15
Figure 7 – Bipolar system .16
Figure 8 – Metallic return operation of the unfaulted pole in a bipolar system .18
Figure 9 – Bipolar metallic neutral system .19
Figure 10 – DC switching of line conductors .21
Figure 11 – DC switching of converter poles.22
Figure 12 – DC switching – Overhead line to cable .23
Figure 13 – DC switching – Two-bipolar converters and lines.24
Figure 14 – DC switching – Intermediate .25
Figure 15 – Capacitor commutated converter configurations .26

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TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E) – 5 –
Figure 16 – Variations of reactive power Q with active power P of an HVDC converter.40
Figure 17 – Control hierarchy.49
Figure 18 – Converter voltage-current characteristic.52
Figure 19 – Examples of a.c. filter connections for a bipole HVDC system.64
Figure 20 – Circuit diagrams for different filter types.66
Figure 21 – RY COM noise meter results averaged – Typical plot of converter noise
levels on the d.c. line corrected and normalized to 3 kHz bandwidth –0 dBm = 0,775 V .76
Figure 22 – Extension methods for HVDC systems .81

Table 1 – Information supplied for HVDC substation .28
Table 2 – Performance parameters for voice communication circuits: Subscribers and
trunk circuits.72

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– 6 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E)

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT
(HVDC) SYSTEMS WITH LINE-COMMUTATED CONVERTERS –

Part 1: Steady-state conditions


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 60919-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 22F: Power
electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC technical committee 22:
Power electronic systems and equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1988, and constitutes
a technical revision.
This edition includes the following main changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) this report concerns only line-commutated converters;
b) significant changes have been made to the control system technology;

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TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E) – 7 –
c) some environmental constraints, for example audible noise limits, have been added;
d) the capacitor coupled converters (CCC) and controlled series capacitor converters (CSCC)
have been included.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry Draft Report on voting
22F/95A/DTR 22F/104/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 60919 consists of the following parts, under the general title: Performance of high-voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters:
Part 1: Steady-state conditions
Part 2: Faults and switching
Part 3: Dynamic conditions
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
1
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this technical report may be issued at a later date.

———————
1
The National Committees are requested to note that for this publication the maintenance result date is 2010.

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– 8 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E)
PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT
(HVDC) SYSTEMS WITH LINE-COMMUTATED CONVERTERS –

Part 1: Steady-state conditions



1 Scope
This technical report provides general guidance on the steady-state performance
requirements of HVDC systems. It concerns the steady-state performance of two-terminal
HVDC systems utilizing 12-pulse converter units comprised of three-phase bridge (double-
way) connections (see Figure 1), but it does not cover multi-terminal HVDC transmission
systems. Both terminals are assumed to use thyristor valves as the main semiconductor
valves and to have power flow capability in both directions. Diode valves are not considered
in this report.

1
IEC  385/05

Key
1 Transformer valve windings

Figure 1 – Twelve-pulse converter unit
Only line-commutated converters are covered in this report, which includes capacitor
commutated converter circuit configurations. General requirements for semiconductor line-
commutated converters are given in IEC 60146-1-1, IEC 60146-1-2 and IEC 60146-1-3.
Voltage-sourced converters are not considered.
This technical report, which covers steady-state performance, will be followed by additional
documents on dynamic performance and transient performance. All three aspects should be
considered when preparing two-terminal HVDC system specifications.
The difference between system performance specifications and equipment design specifi-
cations for individual components of a system should be realized. Equipment specifications
and testing requirements are not defined in this report. Also excluded from this report are
detailed seismic performance requirements. In addition, because there are many variations
between different possible HVDC systems, this report does not consider these in detail;

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TR 60919-1  IEC:2005(E) – 9 –
consequently, it should not be used directly as a specification for a particular project, but
rather to provide the basis for an appropriate specification tailored to fit actual system
requirements.
Frequently, performance specifications are prepared as a single package for the two HVDC
substations in a particular system. Alternatively, some parts of the HVDC system can be
separately specified and purchased. In such cases, due consideration should be given to co-
ordination of each part with the overall HVDC system performance objectives and the
interface of each with the system should be clearly defined. Typical of such parts, li
...