SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
01-marec-2016
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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2003
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Electrostatics - Part 2-1: Measurement methods - Ability of materials and products to
dissipate static electric charge
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61340-2-1:2015
ICS:
17.220.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
elektriko in magnetizmom electricity and magnetism
SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61340-2-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2015
ICS 17.220.99; 29.020 Supersedes EN 61340-2-1:2002
English Version
Electrostatics - Part 2-1: Measurement methods - Ability of
materials and products to dissipate static electric charge
(IEC 61340-2-1:2015)
Electrostatique - Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure - Elektrostatik - Teil 2-1: Messverfahren - Fähigkeit von
Capacité des matériaux et des produits à dissiper des Materialien und Erzeugnissen, elektrostatische Ladungen
charges électrostatiques abzuleiten
(IEC 61340-2-1:2015) (IEC 61340-2-1:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-10-02. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN 61340-2-1:2015 E

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
EN 61340-2-1:2015
European foreword
The text of document 101/446/CDV, future edition 2 of IEC 61340-2-1, prepared by IEC/TC 101
"Electrostatics" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN 61340-2-1:2015.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2016-07-02
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at
national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2018-10-02
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
the document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 61340-2-1:2002.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61340-2-1:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated :
IEC 61340-5-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61340-5-1.
2

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
EN 61340-2-1:2015
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is
available here: www.cenelec.eu.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61340-4-6 -  Electrostatics - EN 61340-4-6 -
Part 4-6: Standard test methods for specific
applications - Wrist straps
IEC 61340-4-7 -  Electrostatics - - -
Part 4-7: Standard test methods for specific
applications - Ionization

3

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016



IEC 61340-2-1

®


Edition 2.0 2015-08




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE




HORIZONTAL STANDARD

NORME HORIZONTALE




Electrostatics –

Part 2-1: Measurement methods – Ability of materials and products to dissipate

static electric charge




Électrostatique –

Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure – Capacité des matériaux et des produits à


dissiper des charges électrostatiques














INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 17.220.99; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-2877-7



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
– 2 – IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Method of measurement of charge decay . 8
4.1 Principles . 8
4.2 Environmental conditions . 9
4.3 Apparatus for measurement of corona charge decay . 10
4.3.1 Physical design features . 10
4.3.2 Containment of test material . 11
4.3.3 Corona charge deposition . 11
4.3.4 Fieldmeter . 11
4.4 Apparatus for measurement of contact charge decay . 12
4.4.1 Physical design features . 12
4.4.2 Charge decay time (t ) . 13
sd
5 Practical application of test methods and procedures . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Charge decay test for textile materials . 14
5.2.1 Selection of test method . 14
5.2.2 Test surface preparation . 14
5.2.3 Testing . 14
5.2.4 Results . 15
5.2.5 Test report . 15
5.3 Charge decay test via gloves, finger cots or tools . 15
5.3.1 Selection of test method . 15
5.3.2 Common steps in testing . 15
5.3.3 Test procedure for charge decay properties of finger cots as worn . 16
5.3.4 Test procedure for the charge decay properties of gloves as worn . 16
5.3.5 Test report for finger cots or gloves . 16
5.3.6 Test procedure for the charge decay properties of tools . 17
5.3.7 Test report for tools . 17
5.4 Null test for CPM. 17
Annex A (normative) Performance verification of measuring instrumentation. 19
A.1 Verification of corona charge decay measuring instrumentation . 19
A.1.1 Aspects to be verified . 19
A.1.2 Surface potential sensitivity verification . 19
A.1.3 Decay time verification . 19
A.1.4 Verification procedure . 19
A.2 Methods for verification of the capacitance of an isolated conductive plate . 20
A.2.1 General . 20
A.2.2 Capacitance meter method . 20
A.2.3 Charge measuring method . 20
A.2.4 Charge-sharing method . 21
Bibliography . 22

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 3 –
Figure 1 – Example of an arrangement for measurement of dissipation of charge using
corona charging . 10
Figure 2 – Example of an arrangement for measurement of dissipation of charge using
a charged plate . 12
Figure 3 – Charged plate detail . 13
Figure 4 – Charge decay time (tsd) and offset voltage (U0) . 13
Figure A.1 – Equivalent circuit for CPM and reference capacitor . 21

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
– 4 – IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ELECTROSTATICS –

Part 2-1: Measurement methods –
Ability of materials and products
to dissipate static electric charge

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61340-2-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 101:
Electrostatics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2002. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 5 –
a) the first edition supported requirements in IEC TR 61340-5-1, but with the revision of IEC
TR 61340-5-1 into an International Standard, this support is no longer required; references
1
to IEC 61340-5-1[1] have been removed;
b) the introduction gives additional information on when charge decay time measurements
are appropriate, and the applications for which each of the two test methods are best
suited;
c) procedures for performance verification of measuring instruments for the corona charging
method have been added.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
101/446/CDV 101/462/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108[3].
A list of all the parts in the IEC 61340 series, published under the general title Electrostatics,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

___________
1
 Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
– 6 – IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015
INTRODUCTION
Measurements of the rate of dissipation of static charge belong to the essential measurement
techniques in the field of electrostatics.
For homogeneous conductive materials, this property can be evaluated indirectly by
measuring resistance or resistivity parameters. Care should be exercised when determining
the homogeneity of materials, as some materials that appear homogenous do exhibit non-
homogeneous electrical characteristics. If the homogeneity of materials is not known and
cannot be otherwise verified, resistance measurements may not be reliable or may not give
enough information. Resistance measurements may also not be reliable when evaluating
materials in the dissipative or insulative range and especially for high ohmic materials
including conductive fibres (e.g. textiles with a metallic grid). In such cases, the rate of
dissipation of static charge should be measured directly.

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 7 –
ELECTROSTATICS –

Part 2-1: Measurement methods –
Ability of materials and products
to dissipate static electric charge



1 Scope
This part of IEC 61340 describes test methods for measuring the rate of dissipation of static
charge of insulating and static dissipative materials and products.
It includes a generic description of test methods and detailed test procedures for specific
applications.
The two test methods for measuring charge decay time, one using corona charging and one
using a charged metal plate are different and may not give equivalent results. Nevertheless,
each method has a range of applications for which it is best suited. The corona charging
method is suitable for evaluating the ability of materials, e.g. textiles, packaging, etc., to
dissipate charge from their own surfaces. The charged metal plate method is suitable for
evaluating the ability of materials and objects such as gloves, finger cots, hand tools, etc. to
dissipate charge from conductive objects placed on or in contact with them. The charged plate
method may not be suitable for evaluating the ability of materials to dissipate charge from
their own surfaces.
In addition to its general application, this horizontal standard is also intended for use by
technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid
down in IEC Guide 108.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
horizontal standards in the preparation of its publications. The contents of this horizontal
standard shall not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61340-4-6, Electrostatics – Part 4-6: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Wrist straps
IEC 61340-4-7, Electrostatics – Part 4-7: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Ionization
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
– 8 – IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015
3.1
charge decay
migration of charge across or through a material leading to a reduction of charge density or
surface potential at the area where the charge was deposited
3.2
charge decay time
time from an initial voltage to a set fraction of the initial voltage
Note 1 to entry: 1/e and 10 % are appropriate fractions (e is the base of natural logarithms, equal to 2,718). If the
initial voltage is low, the accuracy of decay time measurements to a small fraction of the initial voltage may be
susceptible to the noise level of the fieldmeter.
3.3
charged plate monitor
CPM
instrument using a charged metal plate of a defined capacitance and geometry which is
discharged in order to measure charge dissipation/neutralization properties of products or
materials
Note 1 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.4
corona
corona discharge
generation of ions of either polarities by a high electric field
3.5
static dissipative material
material which allows charge to migrate over its surface and/or through its volume in a time
which is short compared to the time scale of the actions creating the charge, or short
compared to the time within which this charge will cause an electrostatic problem
Note 1 to entry: Materials that may be considered conductive in other contexts are included within this definition
for the purposes of this part of IEC 61340.
3.6
initial voltage
< corona charge decay> surface potential at a time after the end of charge deposition that is a
sensible match to the time it takes material surfaces to separate in practical situations
Note 1 to entry: A time of 100 ms is appropriate for manual tribocharging actions.
3.7
initial voltage
voltage applied to the conductive plate of a charged plate monitor
3.8
insulator
material with very low mobility of charge so that any charge on the surface will remain there
for a time which is long compared to the time scale of the actions creating the charge
4 Method of measurement of charge decay
4.1 Principles
Two methods are described.
The first method determines the dissipation of charge deposited on the surface of the material
by a corona discharge. The resulting decrease in surface potential is observed using a

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 9 –
fieldmeter or other equivalent equipment. This method is applicable to measurement of
charge dissipation from surfaces and materials.
The second method determines the dissipation of charge from a charged plate through an
object under test by applying a potential to the metallic plate, disconnecting the voltage
source and observing the decrease in potential of the plate by means of a fieldmeter or other
equivalent equipment. This method is applicable to measurement of charge dissipation via
products such as finger cots, gloves and hand tools.
NOTE There are more methods to charge materials other than the charging methods described here (for example
tribocharging or inductive charging) but they are not relevant for this standard.
CAUTION The test methods specified in this International Standard involve the use of high-voltage power
supplies that may present hazards if handled incorrectly, particularly by unqualified or inexperienced personnel.
Users of this International Standard are encouraged to carry out proper risk assessments and pay due regard to
local regulations before undertaking any of the test procedures.
4.2 Environmental conditions
The electrical properties of materials vary with temperature and the absorption of moisture.
Unless otherwise agreed, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall be (23 ± 2) °C and
(12 ± 3) % relative humidity, and the conditioning time prior to testing shall be at least 48 h.
For measurements in practical situations the ambient temperature and relative humidity shall
be recorded.

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
– 10 – IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015
4.3 Apparatus for measurement of corona charge decay
4.3.1 Physical design features
Dimensions in millimetres with a tolerance of ± 1 mm.
1 2
3
8
4
7
5
>5 >5
6
∅50
1 2
3
8
7
5
9
∅50
IEC


Key
Array of corona points, the tips of which form a circle
1 5 Sample
(10 ± 1) mm in diameter
2 Fieldmeter sensing aperture 6 Metal plate (open backing)
3 Movable plate: 7 Aperture through which the movable plate is
withdrawn
– insulating plate to mount corona points (resistance
14
8 Air dam
to ground > 10 Ω)
9 Metal plate (earthed backing)
– earthed top surface to shield fieldmeter
4 Earthed casing
Figure 1 – Example of an arrangement for measurement
of dissipation of charge using corona charging
A typical arrangement and relevant dimensions of the test apparatus are shown in Figure 1.
Other equipment giving similar results may be used.
25
25
10
10
>25

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SIST EN 61340-2-1:2016
IEC 61340-2-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 11 –
The test aperture for deposition and measurement of deposited charge shall be (50 ± 1) mm
diameter or an equivalent area quasi-square aperture. An array of corona points is mounted
on a movable plate above the centre of the test aperture. The fieldmeter sensing aperture
shall be (25 ± 1) mm above the centre of the test area. When the plate with the corona points
is moved fully away, the test area shall be clear up to the plane of the fieldmeter sensing
aperture.
4.3.2 Containment of test material
With an installed material, the test aperture in the instrument base plate shall rest directly on
its surface. Sheet or flexible materials shall be supported as follows:
a) for testing materials with open backing, the material shall be rested against an earthed
metal plate with an aperture aligned with the instrument test aperture and with a width of
at least 5 mm extending beyond the aperture. A shield over the reverse side of the test
area shall be earthed and be at least 25 mm away over the whole test area;
b) for testing materials against an earthed backing, the material shall be mounted between
the instrument base plate and a flat earthed metal plate.
NOTE If charge moves more readily through the bulk test material than across its surface, then placing an
earthed metal plate immediately behind the test area can increase the rate of charge dissipation. On the other
hand, if charge moves more readily across the surface of the test material, then the rate of charge dissipation can
decrease if an earthed metal plate is used because its presence will increase the capacitive loading. To gain a full
understanding of charge dissipation from the test material, it is desirable to make measurements both with and
without an earthed metal plate backing the test area.
In practical terms, earthed backing represents a material in intimate contact with an earthed surface, for example,
a garment fitted close to the body of the wearer, or a work surface on top of a metal bench. Open-backed
measurements represent the other practical extreme where materials are separated from earthed surfaces, for
example, the bottom edge of a coat or smock which hangs away from the body of the wearer.
4.3.3 Corona charge deposition
Corona charging is achieved with at least five corona points, the tips of which form a
(10 ± 1) mm diameter circle, (10 ± 1) mm above the centre of the test area. The corona points
shall be made from non-corrosive metal wire of a diameter in the range 0,1 mm to 0,5 mm.
The exact size and distribution of charge on the material is not well defined, particularly with
the more conductive surfaces, but the arrangement provides a consistent pattern of deposited
charge and decay time measurements.
NOTE 1 Typical voltages for corona charging equipment are between 5 kV and 10 kV.
The corona duration shall be no more than 50 ms, and 10 ms or 20 ms is usually appropriate
in order to achieve an adequate initial peak voltage for measurements. Excessively long
deposition times (more than some seconds) may damage the ma
...