SIST EN 280:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 280:2013
01-december-2013
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SIST EN 280:2002+A2:2009
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Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction -
Safety - Examinations and tests
Fahrbare Hubarbeitsbühnen - Berechnung - Standsicherheit - Bau - Sicherheit -
Prüfungen
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Calculs de conception - Critères de
stabilité - Construction - Sécurité - Examens et essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 280:2013
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
SIST EN 280:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 280:2013

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SIST EN 280:2013


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 280

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2013
ICS 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 280:2001+A2:2009
English Version
Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability
criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Calculs Fahrbare Hubarbeitsbühnen - Berechnung -
de conception - Critères de stabilité - Construction - Standsicherheit - Bau - Sicherheit - Prüfungen
Sécurité - Examens et essais
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 May 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 280:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 List of hazards . 14
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Structural and stability calculations . 19
5.2.1 General . 19
5.2.2 Loads and forces . 19
5.2.3 Determination of loads and forces . 19
5.2.4 Stability calculations . 21
5.2.5 Structural calculations . 23
5.3 Chassis and stabilisers . 37
5.3.1 Chassis . 37
5.3.2 Stabilisers . 41
5.4 Extending structure . 42
5.5 Extending structure drive systems . 46
5.5.1 General . 46
5.5.2 Wire rope drive systems . 47
5.5.3 Chain drive systems . 49
5.5.4 Lead-screw drive systems . 50
5.5.5 Rack and pinion drive systems . 50
5.6 Work platform . 51
5.7 Controls . 54
5.8 Electrical equipment . 55
5.9 Hydraulic systems. 56
5.10 Hydraulic cylinders . 58
5.11 Safety devices . 62
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 64
6.1 Examinations and tests . 64
6.1.1 General . 64
6.1.2 Design check . 64
6.1.3 Manufacturing check . 64
6.1.4 Tests . 65
6.2 Type tests of MEWPs . 70
6.3 Tests before placing on the market . 70
7 Information for use . 70
7.1 Instruction handbook . 70
7.2 Marking . 74
Annex A (informative) Use of MEWPs in wind speeds greater than 12,5 m/s (Beaufort-Scale) . 76
Annex B (informative) Dynamic factors in stability and structural calculations . 77
B.1 Stability calculations . 77
B.2 Structural calculations . 77
Annex C (normative) Calculation of wire rope drive systems . 78
C.1 General . 78
C.2 Calculation of wire rope drive systems . 78
C.3 Calculation of rope diameters (coefficient c) . 79
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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
C.4 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys
[coefficient (h · h )] .7 9
1 2
C.5 Efficiency of wire rope drive systems .8 2
Annex D (informative) Calculation example - Wire rope drive systems . 84
D.1 Method used to determine the coefficients and ratios used for 5.5.2 (wire rope drive
systems) using the load cycle figures in 5.2.5.3 and operating speeds in 5.4.5 . 84
D.2 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys . 87
Annex E (informative) Calculation examples - factor "z", kerb test . 90
Annex F (normative) Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems . 92
F.1 General .9 2
F.2 Control limitation .9 2
F.3 Stop .9 2
F.4 Serial data communication .9 2
F.5 Use of more than one operator control station .9 3
F.6 Battery-powered operator control stations .9 3
F.7 Receiver .9 3
F.8 Warnings .9 3
F.9 Information for use .9 3
Annex G (normative) Dimensions of steps and ladders .9 4
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .9 6
Bibliography .9 7

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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 280:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting platforms”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 280:2001+A2:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 280:2013 includes the following major changes with respect to EN 280:2001+A2:2009:
• Entry 1.4: the groups into which MEWPs are divided have been précised;
• Subclause 5.3 "Chassis and stabilisers" has been totally restructured and new requirements have been
added;
• Entry 5.3.1.2: requirements for inclination have been reviewed;
• Entry 5.3.1.18: requirements for rail mounted MEWPs have been included;
• Subclause 5.3.2.3: requirements for MEWPs equipped with one or more oscillating axles have been
included;
• Entry 5.4.1.7: variable working envelope by manual selection of more than one rated load has been
précised;
• Entry 5.6.1: adjustments of the platform levels have been included;
• Entry 5.6.3: on work platforms with fixed guard handrails minimum dimensions of openings for the
purpose of access to it have been added;
• Entry 5.6.14: "Anchorage(s) for the connection of a restraint device" has been added;
• Entry 5.6.15: requirements with regard to vibrations have been included;
• Entry 5.6.16: requirements for protection of operators on the platform have been added;
• Entry 5.6.17: requirements for "Exchangeable work platforms" have been included;
• Entry 5.7.9 "Overriding of emergency stops respectively safety functions…" has been totally revised;
• Subclause 5.11: for safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) that perform the relevant safety
function the references to categories according to EN 954-1 (see Table 4) have been replaced by
references to performance levels according to EN ISO 13849-1;
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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
• Subclause 6.1.4.2: requirements for platform with extension have been added;
• New Annex F "Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems" has been added.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
Introduction
This standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
The object of this European Standard is to define rules for safeguarding persons and objects against the risk
of accidents associated with the operation of Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs).
 This European Standard does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every electrical,
mechanical or structural component.
 The safety requirements of this European Standard have been drawn up on the basis that MEWPs are
periodically maintained according to manufacturers' instructions, working conditions, frequency of use
and national regulations.
It is also assumed that MEWPs are checked for function daily before start of work and are not put into
operation unless all required control and safety devices are available and in working order.
If a MEWP is seldom used, the checks may be made before start of work.
Furthermore it is assumed that persons on the work platform in case of power supply failure are not
incapacitated and can assist in the emergency lowering.
 As far as possible this European Standard sets out only the requirements that materials and equipment
need to meet in the interest of safety, and it is assumed that persons operating MEWPs are adequately
trained.
 Where for clarity an example of a safety measure is given in the text, this does not need to be considered
as the only possible solution. Any other solution leading to the same risk reduction is permissible if an
equivalent level of safety is achieved.
 As no satisfactory explanation could be found for the dynamic factors used for stability calculations in
previous national standards, the results of the tests carried out by the former CEN/TC 98/WG 1 to
determine a suitable factor and stability calculation method for MEWPs have been adopted. The test
method is described in Annex B (informative) as a guide for manufacturers wishing to use higher or lower
operating speeds and to take advantage of developments in control systems.
Similarly, to avoid the unexplained inconsistencies in coefficients of utilisation for wire ropes found in other
standards for lifting devices, appropriate extracts of the widely accepted standard DIN 15020-1 have been
taken into 5.5.2 and Annex C (normative) with a worked example in Annex D (informative).

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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard specifies safety requirements and measures for all types and sizes of Mobile
Elevating Work Platform (MEWP, see 3.1) intended to move persons to working positions where they are
carrying out work from the work platform (WP) with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work
platform only at access positions at ground level or on the chassis.
NOTE Machines designed for the handling of goods which are equipped with work platforms as interchangeable
equipment are regarded as MEWPs.
1.2 This European Standard is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria,
construction, safety examinations and tests before MEWPs are first put into service. It identifies the hazards
arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards.
It does not cover the hazards arising from:
a) use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
b) electromagnetic incompatibility;
c) work from the platform on external live electric systems;
d) use of compressed gases for load bearing components;
e) getting on and off the work platform at changing levels;
f) specific applications (e.g. railway, ships) covered by National or local regulations.
1.3 This European Standard does not apply to:
a) machinery serving fixed landings (see e.g. EN 81-1 and EN 81-2, EN 12159);
b) fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see e.g. EN 1777);
c) unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see e.g. EN 1808);
d) elevating operator position on rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (see EN 528);
e) tail lifts (see EN 1756-1 and EN 1756-2);
f) mast climbing work platforms (see EN 1495);
g) fairground equipment;
h) lifting tables (see EN 1570-1);
i) aircraft ground support equipment (see e.g. EN 1915-1 and EN 1915-2);
j) elevating operator positions on industrial trucks (see EN 1726-2).
1.4 Classification:
MEWPs are divided into two main groups:
a) Group A: MEWPs where the vertical projection of the centre of the area of the platform in all platform
configurations at the maximum chassis inclination specified by the manufacturer is always
inside the tipping lines.
b) Group B: All other MEWPs.
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SIST EN 280:2013
EN 280:2013 (E)
Relating to travelling, MEWPs are divided into three types:
1) Type 1: Travelling is only allowed with the MEWP in its transport configuration;
2) Type 2: Travelling with raised work platform is controlled from a point of control at the chassis;
3) Type 3: Travelling with raised work platform is controlled from a point of control at the work
platform.
NOTE Type 2 and type 3 can be combined.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications
EN 14033-1, Railway applications — Track — Railbound construction and maintenance machines — Part 1:
Technical requirements for running
EN 14033-2:2008+A1:2011, Railway applications — Track — Railbound construction and maintenance
machines — Part 2: Technical requirements for working
EN 15746-1:2010+A1:2011, Railway applications — Track — Road-rail machines and associated equipment
— Part 1: Technical requirements for running and working
EN 15954-1:2013, Railway applications — Track — Trailers and associated equipment — Part 1: Technical
requirements for running and working
EN 15955-1:2013, Railway applications — Track — Demountable machines and associated equipment —
Part 1: Technical requirements for running and working
EN 60068-2-64, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and
guidance (IEC 60068-2-64)
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005, modified)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-2, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2)
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850)
EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and
lower limbs (ISO 13857)
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EN 280:2013 (E)
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs
and safety markings
ISO 4302, Cranes — Wind load assessment
ISO 4305, Mobile cranes — Determination of stability
ISO 4309, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following
apply.
3.1
mobile elevating work platform
MEWP
mobile machine that is intended to move persons to working positions where they are carrying out work from
the work platform with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access
positions at ground level or on the chassis and which consists as a minimum of a work platform with controls,
an extending structure and a chassis
3.2
work platform
fenced platform or a cage which can be moved under load to the required working position and from which
erection, repair, inspection or similar work can be carried out
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.3
extending structure
structure which is connected to the chassis and supports the work platform and which allows movement of the
work platform to its required position
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: It may, for example, be a single or a telescoping or an articulating boom or ladder, or a scissors
mechanism or any combination of them, and may or may not slew on the base.
3.4
chassis
base of the MEWP, which may be pulled, pushed, self-propelled, etc.
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.5
stabilisers
devices and systems used to stabilise MEWPs by supporting and/or levelling the complete MEWP or the
extending structure, e.g. jacks, suspension locking devices, extending axles
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.6
access position
position(s) to provide access to and from the work platform
Note 1 to entry: Access position and transport configuration can be identical.
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3.7
transport configuration
configuration of the MEWP prescribed by the manufacturer in which the MEWP is intended to be delivered to
the place of use
Note 1 to entry: Access position and transport configuration can be identical.
3.8
lowering
operations to move the work platform to a lower level
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.9
raising
operations to move the work platform to a higher level
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.10
rotating
circular movement of the work platform about a vertical axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.11
slewing
circular movement of the extending structure about a vertical axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.12
travelling
movements of the chassis with work platform out of transport configuration
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.13
vehicle mounted MEWP
MEWP where the chassis is a vehicle and where travelling controls are located within the cab of the vehicle
3.14
pedestrian controlled MEWP
MEWP that has the controls for powered transport located so that they are capable of being operated by a
person walking close to the MEWP
3.15
self-propelled MEWP
MEWP that has the travelling controls located at the work platform
3.16
rated load
load for which the MEWP has been designed for normal operation and which is composed of persons, tools
and material acting vertically on the work platform
Note 1 to entry: A MEWP can have more than one rated load.
3.17
load cycle
cycle starting from the access position, carrying out work and returning to the access position
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3.18
wire rope drive system
system that comprises one or more wire rope(s) running on rope drums and on or over rope pulleys as well as
any associated rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys
3.19
chain drive system
system that comprises one or more chain(s) running on chain sprockets and on or over chain pulleys as well
as any associated chain sprockets, chain pulleys and compensating pulleys
3.20
type test
test on the representative model of a new design or one incorporating significant changes to an existing
design, carried out by or on behalf of the manufacturer or his authorised representative
3.21
totally manually operated MEWP
MEWP with movement powered only by manual effort
3.22
rail mounted MEWP
MEWP where travelling is guided by rails
3.23
load sensing system
system of monitoring the vertical load and vertical forces on the work platform
Note 1 to entry: See 3.2.
Note 2 to entry: The system includes the measuring device(s), the way the measuring devices are incorporated in the
machinery and the signal processing system.
3.24
moment sensing system
system of monitoring the moment acting about the tipping line tending to overturn the MEWP
Note 1 to entry: The system includes the measuring device(s), the way the measuring devices are incorporated in the
machinery and the signal processing system.
3.25
wireless control
mea
...