SIST EN ISO 11807-1:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 11807-1:2020
01-maj-2020
Integrirana optika - Slovar - 1. del: Osnovni strokovni izrazi in simboli (ISO/DIS
11807-1:2020)
Integrated optics - Vocabulary - Part 1: Optical waveguide basic terms and symbols
(ISO/DIS 11807-1:2020)
Integrierte Optik - Begriffe - Teil 1: Grundbegriffe und Formelzeichen (ISO/DIS 11807-
1:2020)
Optique intégrée - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes fondamentaux et symboles des guides
d'onde optique (ISO/DIS 11807-1:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 11807-1
ICS:
01.040.31 Elektronika (Slovarji) Electronics (Vocabularies)
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
oSIST prEN ISO 11807-1:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 11807-1:2020

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oSIST prEN ISO 11807-1:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 11807-1
ISO/TC 172/SC 9 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-03-30 2020-06-22
Integrated optics — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Optical waveguide basic terms and symbols
ICS: 31.260; 01.040.31
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 11807-1:2020(E)
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TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020

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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 1
3.2 Waveguide structures . 2
3.3 Modes in integrated optical waveguides . 2
3.4 Refractive index distribution in integrated optical waveguides . 5
3.5 Properties of integrated optical waveguides . 9
3.6 Loss or attenuation in integrated optical waveguides .10
Annex A (informative) Coordinate system .15
Annex B (informative) Symbols and units .16
Bibliography .17
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172 Optics and photonics, Subcommittee
SC 9, Laser and electro optical systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11807-1:2001), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Terminologies that have not been frequently used over the last 5 to 10 years are revised to those
matching to current trends.
— In the revision process, terminologies and definitions are compared to similar terminology
definitions in IEC and harmonized.
A list of all parts of ISO 11807 can be found on the ISO Website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html .
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Introduction
The aim of this part of ISO 11807 is to clarify the terms of the relatively new field of “integrated optics”
and to define a unified vocabulary at a time when the first products are coming onto the market. It is
expected that this part of ISO 11807 will be revised periodically to adopt the requirements of customers
and suppliers of integrated optical products. At a later stage, it is planned to add definitions from other
International Standards which deal with integrated optics.
Some of the definitions are closely related to definitions given in IEC 60050, International electrotechnical
vocabulary. Wherever this can lead to misunderstanding, integrated optics or integrated optical
waveguide should be used together with the defined term.
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oSIST prEN ISO 11807-1:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11807-1:2020(E)
Integrated optics — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Optical waveguide basic terms and symbols
1 Scope
This document defines basic terms for integrated optical devices, their related optical chips and optical
elements which find applications, for example, in the fields of optical communications and sensors.
— The coordinate system used in Clause 3 is described in Annex A.
— The symbols and units defined in detail in Clause 3 are listed in Table B.1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11807-2, Integrated optics -- Vocabulary -- Part 2: Terms used in classification
ISO 14881, Integrated optics -- Interfaces -- Parameters relevant to coupling properties
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11807-2 and ISO 14881 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 General
3.1.1
integrated optics
planar optical waveguide structures, manufactured either in or on a substrate, including the optical
components necessary for the input and output coupling of lightwaves
Note 1 to entry: In this context the term “planar” is used to include small deviations from planarity such as
are incurred with, for example, Luneburg lenses. By use of a suitable material, it is possible to integrate both
optoelectronic and purely optical functions on the same substrate. The simplest case is electrodes, which can be
used for controlling the properties of a waveguide. It is, however, possible to fabricate lasers and detectors using
compound semiconductor materials.
Note 2 to entry: It is envisaged that integrated optical components will be combined with other microtechnologies,
such as microelectronics and micromechanics, to make more complex systems. However, such systems are
beyond the scope of this part of ISO 11807, which will be concerned only with the integrated optical component
and its immediate interfaces (see IEC 60050-731/06-43).
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3.2 Waveguide structures
3.2.1
waveguide
transmission line designed to guide optical power consisting of structures which guide lightwaves on
the basis of a higher refractive index in the core and a lower index of refraction in the surrounding
material
Note 1 to entry: The lightwaves in a waveguide propagate in modes.
3.2.2
slab waveguide
planar waveguide
waveguide which confines the optical field in rectangular crosssection along a parallel extended light
guiding surface or between two such surfaces
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1 where the Cartesian coordinate system is indicated for defining the several
terminologies relating to waveguides.
3.2.3
strip waveguide
channel waveguide
waveguide which confines the optical field in a two-dimensional cross-sectional area perpendicular to
the lightwave propagating direction (wavenumber vector) along a one-dimensional path
3.2.4
core
the region(s) of an integrated optical waveguide, in which the optical power is mainly confined
3.2.5
cladding
material surrounding the waveguide core
Note 1 to entry: In contrast to optical fibres for integrated optical waveguides, the cladding often consists of
more than one material. Normally, it is necessary to distinguish between lower cladding and upper cladding due
to the planar fabrication process of integrated optical waveguides.
3.2.6
substrate
carrier onto or within which the integrated optical waveguide is fabricated
3.2.7
superstrate
medium or layer structure with which the integrated optical waveguide is covered
Note 1 to entry: An electrode, for example, should not be designated as a superstrate. Although it covers the
waveguide, it would not influence the optical properties of the waveguide due to an optically insulating layer of
sufficient thickness.
3.3 Modes in integrated optical waveguides
3.3.1
mode
eigenfunction of Maxwell's equations, representing an electromagnetic field in a certain space domain
and belonging to a family of independent solutions defined by specific boundary conditions
Note 1 to entry: Each mode is defined according to its order in the vertical and horizontal directions and its
polarization, the latter being separated into TE- and TM-modes. The mode order is given by indexing TE and
ij
TM , where TE and TM represent respectively the y- and x-direction of polarization, and i and j define the mode
ij
indices (the order) along x (horizontal) and y (vertical) respectively.
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3.3.2
guided mode
electromagnetic wave whose electric field decays monotonically in the transverse direction everywhere
external to the core and which does not lose power
3.3.3
TE mode
transverse electromagnetic wave, where the electric field vector is normal to the direction of
propagation; i.e., the electric field vector lies in the transverse plane (xy-plane).
Note 1 to entry: Strictly speaking, in strip waveguides, hybrid modes having the non-zero component of the
electric and magnetic field in the direction of propagation do exist. Pure TE- and TM-waves are only found in
waveguides with a corresponding geometry — for example in slab waveguides. For integrated optical waveguides
in planar substrates, it is natural to define the polarization state relative to the substrate surface. Because the
terms TE and TM are used and well understood in general language in the context of planar waveguides, they are
also applied in the same sense to strip waveguides.
Note 2 to entry: In planar waveguides, the electric field vector of TE mode lies in the y direction, as a result of the
definition.
3.3.4
TM mode
transverse electromagnetic wave, where the magnetic field vector is normal to the direction of
propagation; i.e., the magnetic field vector lies in the transverse plane (xy-plane).
Note 1 to entry: In planar waveguides, the magnetic field vector of TM mode lies in the y direction, as a result of
the definition.
3.3.5
evanescent field
time varying electromagnetic field in an integrated optical waveguide whose field amplitude
decays very rapidly and monotonically in the transverse direction outside the core, but without an
accompanying phase shift
3.3.6
leaky mode
mode having an evanescent field in the transverse direction external to the core for a finite distance
but with an oscillating field in the transverse direction everywhere beyond that distance
Note 1 to entry: A leaky mode is attenuated due to radiation losses along the waveguide.
3.3.7
radiation mode
mode which transfers power in the transverse direction everywhere external to the core
3.3.8
single-mode waveguide
waveguide which guides only one mode order
Note 1 to entry: The waveguide mode may consist of two orthogonal states of polarization.
3.3.9
multimode waveguide
waveguide which supports more than one guided mode
3.3.10
waveguide cutoff
transition of a guided mode at which the propagation changes from being guided to being leaky or
radiative
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3.3.11
cutoff wavelength
vacuum wavelength above which a given mode cannot exist in the waveguide
Note 1 to entry: Due to the generally short length of integrated optical waveguides, the measured value largely
depends on the waveguide structure. Therefore, special waveguide structures have to be fabricated to measure
the cutoff wavelength. The measurement methods known for optical fibres cannot be applied to integrated
optical waveguides.
Note 2 to entry: In fibre optics, the term cutoff wavelength is used to describe the cutoff wavelength of the second-
order mode. The reason is that the fundamental mode of a symmetrical dielectric waveguide has no cutoff and
the cutoff wavelength of the second order mode determines the single mode condition.
3.3.12
effective refractive index
equivalent refractive index
n
eff
ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the phase velocity of the guided mode
Note 1 to entry: The effective or equivalent refractive index is determined by the waveguide dimensions and
the refractive index profile of the waveguide, including the medium bordering the core of the waveguide and
the wavelength. Each mode capable of propagation is characterized by its individual effective or equivalent
refractive index.
Note 2 to entry: The terms “effective index” and “equivalent index” are both used for the same quantity defined by
β
   n =
eff
k
0
where
β is the propagation constant of a mode in a waveguide;
k is the propagation constant of a plane wave in vacuum.
0
Note 3 to entry: The term “effective index” is also used for the quantity similar to “group index” defined by
dn dn
   nn=+k =−n λ
eff 0
dk dλ
0
which is defined for a bulk material with the refractive index n. This quantity determines the free spectral range
or the spacing of the adjacent peak wavelength ∆λ of resonators, such as Fabry-Perot resonators, given by
2
λ
0
   Δ=λ −
2Ln
eff
where
L is the length of cavity;
λ is the centre wavelength of the resonator.
0
To avoid confusion, the term “equivalent index” is commonly used for the quantity, given by
β
   n =
eq
k
0
in the field of guided wave optics. However, the term “effective index” has been traditionally used for the same
quantity in the field of microwave transmission. Therefore, both terms are equally used in this document.
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3.4 Refractive index distribution in integrated optical waveguides
3.4.1
refractive index profile
refractive index n(x, y) across a cross section of the waveguide as a function of position
3.4.2
step index profile
refractive index profile which is characterized by an almost constant refractive index within the
waveguide core and a sharp drop in refractive index at the boundary between the core and the cladding
(substrate or superstrate)
Note 1 to entry: The width of the index transition is small in comparison with the wavelength.
3.4.3
graded index profile
index profile in which the refractive index varies continuously in the core as a function of distance from
the axis
Note 1 to entry: The width of the index variation is large in comparison with the wavelengt
...