SIST EN 16054:2014

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kolesa BMX - Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metodeBMX-Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenBicyclette BMX - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essaiBMX bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods43.150KolesaCyclesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16054:2012SIST EN 16054:2014en,de01-marec-2014SIST EN 16054:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 16054:2014



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16054
September 2012 ICS 43.150 English Version
BMX bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods
Bicyclette BMX - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai
BMX-Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16054:2012: ESIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .54Requirements and test methods .74.1Numbers and condition of test specimens .74.2Accuracy tolerances and test conditions .74.2.1Accuracy — Tolerances .74.2.2Test conditions — Fatigue tests .84.3Crack detection methods .84.4Sharp edges .84.5Protrusions .84.5.1Requirements .84.5.2Test method . 104.5.3Pegs . 104.6Security and strength of safety-related fasteners . 114.6.1Security of screws . 114.6.2Minimal failure torque . 114.6.3Folding bicycle . 114.6.4Quick release devices . 114.7Pegs/axles assembly . 114.7.1Pegs — Resistance to loosening . 114.7.2Resistance to deflection . 124.8Brakes . 134.8.1Braking-systems . 134.8.2Hand-operated brakes . 134.8.3Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements . 164.8.4Brake adjustment . 164.8.5Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test . 164.8.6Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test . 174.8.7Braking performance . 174.9Steering . 274.9.1Handlebar dimensions . 274.9.2Handlebar grips and plugs . 274.9.3Handlebar-stem with quill — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 284.9.4A-head set stem Handlebar stem-extension to fork-stem — Clamping requirements . 284.9.5Steering stability . 294.9.6Handlebar and stem assembly . 294.9.7Handlebar-stem to fork-stem — Torsional security test. 324.9.8Handlebar and stem assembly — Fatigue test . 334.9.9Handlebar/stem assembly impact test . 344.10Frame . 354.10.1Dummy fork characteristics . 354.10.2Frame — Impact test (falling mass) . 364.10.3Frame — Impact test (falling frame). 384.10.4Frame — Fatigue test with pedalling forces . 394.10.5Frame — Fatigue test with horizontal forces . 414.11Fork . 424.11.1Front fork — Means of location of the axle and wheel retention . 424.11.2Front fork — Static bending test . 424.11.3Front fork — Rearward impact test . 43SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 3 4.11.4Front fork – Bending fatigue test . 454.12Wheels and wheel/tyre assemblies . 454.12.1Rotational accuracy . 454.12.2Wheel/tyre assembly — Clearance . 464.12.3Wheel/tyre assembly — Static strength test. 474.12.4Wheel retention . 474.13Rims, tyres and tubes . 484.13.1General . 484.13.2Tyre inflation pressure . 484.13.3Tyre and rim compatibility . 484.13.4Rim-wear. 494.13.5Wheel/tyre assembly – Impact test . 494.14Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 504.14.1Pedal tread . 504.14.2Pedal clearance . 504.14.3Pedal/pedal-spindle assembly —Static strength test . 514.14.4Pedal/pedal-spindle — Dynamic durability test . 524.14.5Crank/pedal assembly impact test and plastic pedal impact test . 534.14.6Drive-system - Static strength test . 544.14.7Crank assembly — Fatigue tests . 554.15Saddle and seat-pillars . 574.15.1General . 574.15.2Limiting dimensions . 574.15.3Seat-pillar — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 574.15.4Saddle/seat pillar - Security test . 584.15.5Saddle - Static strength test . 594.15.6Saddle and seat-pillar clamp — Fatigue test . 594.15.7Seat-pillar clamp - Static test . 604.16Drive-chain . 614.17Chain guard . 614.17.1Requirement . 614.17.2Chain-wheel disc diameter . 614.17.3Chain protective device . 624.18Lighting systems and reflectors . 634.18.1Lighting and reflectors . 634.18.2Wiring harness . 634.19Warning device . 635Manufacturer's instructions . 636Marking . 646.1Requirement . 646.2Durability test . 656.2.1Requirement . 656.2.2Test method . 65Bibliography . 66 SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16054:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope
This European Standard specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of BMX bicycles and sub-assemblies intended for use in any type of location such as roads and/or tracks and/or ramps. It applies to specialised types of bicycle designed and equipped for activities such as acrobatic ground manoeuvres, stunting and aerobatic manoeuvres and lays down guidelines for instructions on the use and care of such BMX bicycles. It applies to BMX bicycles on which the saddle height can be adjusted to provide a minimum saddle height of 435 mm or more. It applies to: a) category 1, BMX designed for a rider mass of 45 kg or less; b) category 2, BMX designed for a rider mass more than 45 kg.
It does not apply to BMX bicycles for use in sanctioned competition events. No requirements on lighting set, reflectors and warning devices are specified in this European Standard due to the existence of several different national regulations applicable in the European countries. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out (ISO 1101) ISO 9633, Cycle chains — Characteristics and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 BMX bicycle designed for use in any type of location such as roads, tracks and/or ramps and equipped with single speed freewheel transmission, no suspension systems and no back pedal brake
3.2 free-wheel transmission gearing mechanism which is designed to disengage the wheel from the pedal mechanism in one rotating direction 3.3 peg component that allows the rider to stand during aerobatic manoeuvres or to slide on static objects 3.4 rotor part of the brake system that allows an infinite rotation of the steering system around its axis SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 6 3.5 cycle vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals 3.6 bicycle two-wheeled cycle 3.7 fully-assembled bicycle
bicycle fitted with all components necessary for its intended use 3.8 maximum saddle height
vertical distance from the ground to the top of the seat surface, measured with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat-pillar set to the minimum insertion depth
3.9 braking distance
distance travelled by a bicycle between the commencement of braking (3.10) and the point at which the bicycle comes to rest 3.10 commencement of braking
point on the test track or test machine at which the brake actuating device operated directly by the rider's hand or by a test mechanism starts to move from its rest position, on the test track this point being determined by the first brake actuating device (front or rear) to operate 3.11 braking force
FBr tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test machine 3.12 rim-brake brake in which brake-shoes act on the rim of the wheel 3.13 pedal tread-surface surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot 3.14 crank assembly assembly which, for fatigue testing, consists of the two cranks, the pedal-spindles (possibly with adaptors), the bottom-bracket spindle, and the first component of the drive system, e.g. the chain-wheel cluster 3.15 visible crack crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye 3.16 fracture unintentional separation into two or more parts 3.17 wheel-base distance between the axes of the front and rear wheels of an un-laden bicycle SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 7 3.18 wheel assembly or combination of hub, spokes or disc, and rim, but excluding the tyre 3.19 quick-release device
device to fix or release a part without a tool 3.20 maximum inflation pressure
maximum tyre pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer
3.21 exposed protrusion
protrusion which, through its location and rigidity, could present a hazard to the rider either through heavy contact with it in normal use or should the rider fall onto it in an accident 4 Requirements and test methods 4.1 Numbers and condition of test specimens
In general, for static, impact and fatigue tests, each test shall be conducted on a new test sample, but if only one sample is available, it is permissible to conduct all of these tests on the same sample with the sequence of testing being fatigue, static and impact. If more than one test is conducted on the same sample, the test sequence shall be clearly recorded in the test report or record of testing. NOTE It should be noted that if more than one test is conducted on the same sample, earlier tests can influence the results of subsequent tests. In addition, if a sample fails when it has been subjected to more than one test, a direct comparison with single testing is not possible. In all strength tests, specimens shall be in the fully finished condition. 4.2 Accuracy tolerances and test conditions
4.2.1 Accuracy — Tolerances Unless stated otherwise, accuracy tolerances based on the nominal values shall be as follows:  forces and torques 0/+ 5 %;  masses and weights ± 1 %;  dimensions
± 1 mm;  angles
± 1;  time duration
± 5 s;  temperatures
± 2 °C;  pressures
± 5 %. SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 8 4.2.2 Test conditions — Fatigue tests The shape of the signal is not specified in the standard. However, the intention is for the force to be applied and released progressively. Unless stated otherwise, the frequency shall be adapted to insure a good application of the loading and shall not exceed 10 Hz. To allow for the initial settling of carbon-fibre components, the initial value has to be taken on the mean of 10 cycles after 1 000 load cycles. 4.3 Crack detection methods Standardised methods should be used to emphasise the presence of cracks where visible cracks are specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this standard (see 3.15). NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in EN ISO 3452 series. 4.4 Sharp edges Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider's hands, legs, etc., during normal riding or normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp. 4.5 Protrusions 4.5.1 Requirements 4.5.1.1 Exposed protrusions Any rigid exposed protrusion longer than 8 mm (see L in Figure 1) after assembly except:
a) the rim-brake mechanism at the front and rear wheels; b) a lamp-bracket fitted on the headtube;
c) reflectors; d) clipless attachment mechanism; e) chainwheels and sprockets; f) bottle carrier; g) brake rotor; h) pedal tread; shall terminate in a radius, R (see Figure 1), of not less than 6,3 mm. Such protrusions shall have a major end dimension, A, not less than 12,7 mm and a minor dimension, B, not less than 3,2 mm. SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 9 Dimensions in millimetres
Key R ≥ 6,3 A ≥12,7 B ≥ 3,2 Figure 1 — Examples of minimum dimensions of exposed protrusions (which apply only when L is greater than 8 mm) Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Exposed protrusion test cylinder 4.5.1.2 Exclusion zone, protective devices and screw threads There shall be no protrusions on the top tube of a bicycle frame between the saddle and a point 300 mm forward of the saddle, with the exception that outer cable casing no greater than 6,4 mm in diameter and cable guides and outer cable stops made from material no thicker than 4,8 mm may be attached to the top tube. Foam pads attached to the bicycle frame to act as protective cushions are permitted, provided that the bicycle meets the requirements for protrusions when the pads are removed. SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 10 A screw thread that is an exposed protrusion shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally threaded mating part. 4.5.2 Test method Conduct the test with a protrusion test cylinder (which simulates a limb) having the dimensions shown in Figure 2. Manoeuvre the test cylinder in all possible attitudes towards any rigid protrusion on the bicycle. If the central 75 mm long section of the cylinder contacts the protrusion that protrusion shall be considered to be an exposed protrusion and it shall comply with 4.5.1.1. Examples of protrusions which need and do not need to comply with the requirements are shown in Figure 3.
Key 1 test cylinder 2
protrusion shall comply 3
protrusion need not to comply Figure 3 — Examples of protrusions 4.5.3 Pegs External extremities of the pegs (see Figure 4) shall have a chamfer or a fillet of at least 1,6 mm and an angle from 30° min to 45° max. The dimension A shall be at least 1,6 mm. SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 4 — Peg's extremity 4.6 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners 4.6.1 Security of screws Any screws used to attach brake-mechanisms to the frame or fork, and the saddle to the seat-pillar shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g., lock-washers, lock-nuts, or stiff nuts. 4.6.2 Minimal failure torque The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handlebars, handlebar stems, seats and seat pillars shall be at least 50 % greater than the manufacturer's recommended tightening torque. 4.6.3 Folding bicycle Folding bicycles shall meet all test requirements. Folding mechanisms shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in a simple, stable, safe way and when folded no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or unlock the folding mechanisms during riding. 4.6.4 Quick release devices No form of quick release system shall be permitted for wheel axle retention. 4.7 Pegs/axles assembly 4.7.1 Pegs — Resistance to loosening 4.7.1.1 Requirements When tested according to test method described in 4.7.1.2, pegs shall not unscrew. 4.7.1.2 Test method Apply a tangential force of 700 N at the midpoint of each peg, in such a way to produce the maximum unscrewing torque as shown in Figure 5. Apply the load for one minute and check if the requirements are met. SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 12
Key 1 unscrewing Figure 5 — Pegs – Resistance loosening
In case of noncircular cross section, apply the tangential load at the longer side. 4.7.2 Resistance to deflection 4.7.2.1 Requirements Pegs shall not show a total deflection under load, greater than 30° (measured on the pegs) to the axle axis when tested according to test method described in 4.7.2.2. 4.7.2.2 Test method Perform a separate static test on each pair of front and back peg/axle assembly of a complete bike with the pegs supported at their midpoint. Apply a vertical force, F, of 3 000 N on the wheel, in a direction normal to the peg longitudinal axis and corresponding to the vertical direction, with the bicycle standing on the ground, as shown in Figure 6. Apply the load for one minute and check if the requirements are met before removing the load.
SIST EN 16054:2014



EN 16054:2012 (E) 13
Key F = 3 000 N Figure 6 — Pegs — Resistance to deflection (example of test configuration) 4.8 Brakes 4.8.1 Braking-systems A bicycle shall be equipped with at least two independent braking-systems.
At least one shall operate on the front wheel and one on the rear wheel. The braking-systems shall operate without binding and shall be capable of meeting the braking-performance requirements of 4.8.7. NOTE The inner cable should be protected from corrosion, e.g. by suitable impervious liner to the outer casing. 4.8.2 Hand-operated brakes 4.8.2.1 Brake-lever position The handbrake levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom and practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and the bicycle manufacturer shall state in the manufacturer’s instructions which lever operates the front brake and which lever operates the rear brake (see also Clause 5, list entry b)). 4.8.2.2 Brake-lever grip dimensions 4.8.2.2.1 Requirement The maximum grip dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake-lever in the region intended for contact wi
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