SIST EN ISO 14238:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
01-marec-2014
.DNRYRVWWDO%LRORãNHPHWRGH'RORþHYDQMHPLQHUDOL]DFLMHGXãLNDLQQLWULILNDFLMH
YWOHKWHUYSOLYNHPLNDOLMQDWHSURFHVH,62
Soil quality - Biological methods - Determination of nitrogen mineralization and
nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes (ISO 14238:2012)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Biologische Verfahren - Bestimmung der Stickstoffmineralisierung
und -nitrifizierung in Böden und der Einflüsse von Chemikalien auf diese Prozesse (ISO
14238:2012)
Qualité du sol - Méthodes biologiques - Détermination de la minéralisation de l'azote et
de la nitrification dans les sols, et de l'influence des produits chimiques sur ces
processus (ISO 14238:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14238:2013
ICS:
13.080.10 .HPLMVNH]QDþLOQRVWLWDO Chemical characteristics of
soils
13.080.30 Biološke lastnosti tal Biological properties of soils
SIST EN ISO 14238:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14238

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2013
ICS 13.080.30
English Version
Soil quality - Biological methods - Determination of nitrogen
mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of
chemicals on these processes (ISO 14238:2012)
Qualité du sol - Méthodes biologiques - Détermination de la Bodenbeschaffenheit - Biologische Verfahren - Bestimmung
minéralisation de l'azote et de la nitrification dans les sols, der Stickstoffmineralisierung und -nitrifizierung in Böden
et de l'influence des produits chimiques sur ces processus und der Einflüsse von Chemikalien auf diese Prozesse (ISO
(ISO 14238:2012) 14238:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 November 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14238:2013 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
EN ISO 14238:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3

2

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
EN ISO 14238:2013 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 14238:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the
International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14238:2013 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14238:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14238:2013 without any modification.


3

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14238
Second edition
2012-08-01
Soil quality — Biological methods —
Determination of nitrogen mineralization
and nitrification in soils and the influence
of chemicals on these processes
Qualité du sol — Méthodes biologiques — Détermination de la
minéralisation de l’azote et de la nitrification dans les sols, et de
l’influence des produits chimiques sur ces processus
Reference number
ISO 14238:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
ISO 14238:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
ISO 14238:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Materials . 2
5.1 Soils . 2
5.2 Reagents and materials . 3
5.3 Test substance . 3
6 Apparatus . 4
7 Procedures . 4
7.1 Experimental options . 4
7.2 Treatment of soils . 4
7.3 Incubation of soils . 5
7.4 Sampling of soils for testing . 6
7.5 Extraction of soils . 6
7.6 Analyses . 6
8 Expression of results . 6
8.1 Basic mineralization test . 6
8.2 Toxicity testing . 7
9 Test report . 8
Annex A (informative) Determination of water-holding capacity of soil .10
Bibliography .12
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
ISO 14238:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14238 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14238:1997), which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
ISO 14238:2012(E)
Introduction
Soil consists of both living and non-living components which exist in a complex and heterogeneous environment.
Microorganisms in the soil are mainly responsible for cycling of some nutrients and thus play an essential role
in the maintenance of soil fertility. One of the most important microbial processes in soil is the mineralization
of nitrogen contained in organic forms to ammonium (ammonification) and thereafter to nitrite and nitrate
(nitrification). Clearly, any long-term interference with this process could influence soil fertility.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014

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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14238:2012(E)
Soil quality — Biological methods — Determination of nitrogen
mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of
chemicals on these processes
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies laboratory procedures for measuring the mineralization and nitrification
of nitrogen by the soil microbiota.
For investigations on the evaluation of soil quality or on effects of contamination, a procedure is given to
measure the rates and extent of N-mineralization in soil or soils of known or unknown quality.
For investigation of the potential toxicity of chemicals to N-mineralization in soils, a simple procedure is given
which allows the impact of single chemicals to be assessed and provides a basis for comparison of the toxicities
of different chemicals.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10381-6, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under
aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory
ISO 10390, Soil quality — Determination of pH
ISO 10694, Soil quality — Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)
ISO 11260, Soil quality — Determination of effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation level using
barium chloride solution
ISO 11261, Soil quality — Determination of total nitrogen — Modified Kjedahl method
ISO 11274, Soil quality — Determination of the water-retention characteristic — Laboratory methods
ISO 11277, Soil quality — Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material — Method by
sieving and sedimentation
ISO 11465, Soil quality — Determination of dry matter and water content on mass basis — Gravimetric method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
nitrogen mineralization
N-mineralization
microbial degradation of an organic substance containing nitrogen, via the processes of ammonification and
nitrification, to the respective inorganic endproducts, specifically ammonium and nitrate
3.2
ammonification
microbial degradation of organic nitrogen to ammonium
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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
ISO 14238:2012(E)
3.3
nitrification
microbial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and thereafter to nitrate
3.4
inhibitory dose
ID
x
amount of a chemical added to soil that effectively inhibits N-mineralization by a stated percentage, after a
given time, in comparison to an untreated control
EXAMPLE ID and ID indicate 25 % and 50 % inhibition of N-mineralization, respectively.
25 50
4 Principle
The rates or extent of N-mineralization in aerobic soils are determined by measuring the concentrations of
ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate released during mineralization of nitrogen contained in the soil organic matter or
during mineralization of an added nitrogenous organic compound.
The influence of chemicals on N-mineralization is determined by amending soil with a readily degradable source
of organic nitrogen, and measuring the percentage inhibition of product formation in test portions treated with
different quantities of a chemical as compared to an untreated control.
5 Materials
5.1 Soils
5.1.1 Selection of soils
5.1.1.1 Basic mineralization test
For basic tests used for comparing the N-mineralization capacities of different soils or for comparing
N-mineralization in one soil collected at different times of the year, ensure that the choice of soil(s) is consistent
with the purpose of the determination.
5.1.1.2 Toxicity testing
To determine the influence of chemicals on N-mineralization, use a soil with low content (as a mass fraction) of
organic carbon (0,5 % to 1,5 %) and low content of clay.
NOTE Such soil represents a worst-case situation, since adsorption is minimum and availability of the chemical to the
microbiota is maximum. For routine testing, soils with a pH(KCl) less than 5 are not satisfactory, as the rate of nitrification is
likely to be too low to permit a valid assessment of the effects of the chemical on the process. Sandy loam soils and loamy
sand soils are preferred.
5.1.2 Collection, handling and storage of soils
For all tests, the recommendations in ISO 10381-6 for collection, handling and storage of soil shall be followed.
The following information shall be documented:
— date of collection;
— date(s) used in experiments;
— storage conditions, including temperature, moisture content;
— length of storage.
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SIST EN ISO 14238:2014
ISO 14238:2012(E)
5.1.3 Characterization of soils
To facilitate interpretation of data and for comparative purposes, the following characteristics shall be determined:
a) physical properties:
— particle size distribution measured in accordance with ISO 11277,
— water content in accordance with ISO 11465,
— water retention characteristic in accordance with ISO 11274 and/or water-holdi
...