SIST EN 14789:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
01-januar-2015
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY'RORþHYDQMHYROXPVNHNRQFHQWUDFLMHNLVLND
6WDQGDUGQDUHIHUHQþQDPHWRGD±3DUDPDJQHWL]HP
Stationary source emissions - Determination of volume concentration of oxygen -
Standard reference method: Paramagnetism
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der Volumenkonzentration von
Sauerstoff - Standardreferenzverfahren: Paramagnetismus
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration volumique en oxygène -
Méthode de référence normalisée: Paramagnétisme
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14789
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
oSIST prEN 14789:2015 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 14789
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

October 2014
ICS 13.040.40 Will supersede EN 14789:2005
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of volume
concentration of oxygen - Standard reference method:
Paramagnetism
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der
concentration volumique en oxygène - Méthode de Volumenkonzentration von Sauerstoff -
référence normalisée: Paramagnétisme Standardreferenzverfahren: Paramagnetismus
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 264.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14789:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Principle . 9
5 Description of the measuring system .10
6 Performance characteristics of the SRM .12
7 Suitability of the measuring system for the measurement task .13
8 Field operation .14
9 Ongoing quality control .17
10 Expression of results .18
11 Equivalence of an alternative method .18
12 Test report .18
Annex A (informative) Validation of the method in the field .19
Annex B (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of paramagnetic method for oxygen
with given uncertainty requirements .23
Annex C (informative) Schematic diagram of the measurement system .33
Annex D (informative) Example of correction of data from drift effect .34
Annex E (informative) Significant technical changes.35
Bibliography .36


2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 14789:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14789:2005.
Annex E provides details of significant technical changes between this document and the previous edition.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on the paramagnetic principle
for the determination of the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and
stacks. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system as well as the analyser.
This European Standard specifies the performance characteristics to be determined and the performance
criteria to be fulfilled by measuring systems based on this measurement method. It applies to periodic
monitoring and the calibration or control of automated measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a
stack, for regulatory or other purposes.
This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to
the SRM by application of prEN 14793.
This European Standard has been validated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large
combustion plants and on a recognized test bench. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the
range from 3 % to 21 %. Oxygen concentration values, expressed as volume concentrations, are used to
allow results of emission measurements to be standardised to the oxygen reference concentration and dry
gas conditions required e.g. by EU Directive 2010/75/EC on industrial emissions.
NOTE The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and
reproducibility in the field are given in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 14793:2014, Stationary source emission – Demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method with a
reference method
EN 15259:2007, Air quality — Measurement of stationary source emissions — Requirements for
measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-3:2007, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 3: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring emissions from stationary sources
EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison
with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002)
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE In this European Standard, the volume concentration of oxygen is expressed in percent.
3.1
adjustment of a measuring system
set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding
to given values of a quantity to be measured
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
Note 1 to entry: The adjustment can be made directly on the instrument or using a suitable calculation procedure.
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
3.2
ambient temperature
temperature of the air around the measuring device
3.3
automated measuring system
AMS
measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of emissions or measurement of
peripheral parameters
Note 1 to entry: An AMS is a method which is traceable to a reference method.
Note 2 to entry: Apart from the analyser, an AMS includes facilities for taking samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines,
flow meters, regulators, delivery pumps) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, moisture removal devices,
converters, diluters). This definition also includes testing and adjusting devices that are required for regular functional
checks.
[SOURCE: FprEN 14181:2014]
3.4
calibration of an AMS
establishment of the statistical relationship between values of the measurand indicated by the automated
measuring system (AMS) and the corresponding values given by the standard reference method (SRM) used
during the same period of time and giving a representative measurement on the same measurement plane
Note 1 to entry: The result of calibration permits to establish the relationship between the values of the SRM and the
AMS (calibration function).
3.5
zero drift
difference between two zero readings at the beginning and at the end of a measuring period
3.6
span drift
difference between two span readings at the beginning and at the end of a measuring period
3.7
emission limit value
ELV
emission limit value according to EU Directives on the basis of 30 min, 1 hour or 1 day
3.8
influence quantity
quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement
Note 1 to entry: Influence quantities are e.g. ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, presence of interfering gases
in the flue gas matrix or pressure of the gas sample.
3.9
interference
negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample that
is not the measurand
5

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
3.10
lack of fit
systematic deviation within the range of application between the measurement result obtained by applying the
calibration function to the observed response of the measuring system measuring test gases and the
corresponding accepted value of such test gases
Note 1 to entry: Lack of fit may be a function of the measurement result.
Note 2 to entry: The expression "lack of fit" is often replaced in everyday language by "linearity" or "deviation from
linearity".
3.11
measurand
quantity intended to be measured
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.12
measurement plane
plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.13
measurement point
position in the measurement plane at which the sample stream is extracted or the measurement data are
obtained directly
Note 1 to entry: Measurement point is also known as sampling point.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.14
measurement site
place on the waste gas duct in the area of the measurement plane(s) consisting of structures and technical
equipment, for example working platforms, measurement ports, energy supply
Note 1 to entry: Measurement site is also known as sampling site.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.15
measuring system
set of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and supply,
assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured quantity values within specified
intervals for quantities of specified kinds
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.16
performance characteristic
one of the quantities (described by values, tolerances, range) assigned to equipment in order to define its
performance
6

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
3.17
repeatability in the laboratory
closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried
out under the same conditions of measurement
Note 1 to entry: Repeatability conditions include:
 same measurement procedure;
 same laboratory;
 same measuring instrument, used under the same conditions;
 same location;
 repetition over a short period of time.
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results.
Note 3 to entry: In this European Standard the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %.
3.18
repeatability in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with two sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
Note 1 to entry: These conditions include:
 same measurement procedure;
 two sets of equipment, the performances of which are fulfilling the requirements of the reference method, used under
the same conditions;
 same location;
 implemented by the same laboratory;
 typically calculated on short periods of time in order to avoid the effect of changes of influence parameters
(e.g. 30 min).
Note 2 to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results.
Note 3 to entry: In this European Standard, the repeatability under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level
of confidence of 95 %.
3.19
reproducibility in the field
closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand
carried out with several sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement
Note 1 to entry: These conditions are called field reproducibility conditions and include:
 same measurement procedure;
 several sets of equipment, the performances of which fulfil the requirements of the reference method, used under the
same conditions;
 same location;
7

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
 implemented by several laboratories.
Note 2 to entry: Reproducibility can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results.
Note 3 to entry: In this European Standard, the reproducibility under field conditions is expressed as a value with a
level of confidence of 95 %.
3.20
residence time in the measuring system
time period for the sampled gas to be transported from the inlet of the probe to the inlet of the measurement
cell
3.21
response time
duration between the instant when an input quantity value of a measuring instrument or measuring system is
subjected to an abrupt change between two specified constant quantity values and the instant when a
corresponding indication settles within specified limits around its final steady value
Note 1 to entry: By convention time taken for the output signal to pass from 0 % to 90 % of the final change.
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012]
3.22
span gas
test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system
Note 1 to entry: This concentration is often chosen around 80 % of the upper limit of the range.
3.23
reference method
RM
measurement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of the
measurand
Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described.
Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an automated method.
Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods can be used if equivalence to the reference method has been demonstrated.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.24
standard reference method
SRM
reference method prescribed by European or national legislation
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007]
3.25
uncertainty
parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values that
could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
3.26
standard uncertainty
u
uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
8

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
3.27
combined uncertainty
u
c
standard uncertainty attached to the measurement result calculated by combination of several standard
uncertainties according to the principles laid down in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM)
3.28
expanded uncertainty
U
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large
fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
U= k× u

Note 1 to entry: In this European Standard, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k = 2, and
with a level of confidence of 95 %.
Note 2 to entry: The expression overall uncertainty is sometimes used to express the expanded uncertainty.
3.29
uncertainty budget
calculation table combining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO 14956 or ISO/IEC Guide 98-3
in order to calculate the combined uncertainty of the method at a specified value
4 Principle
4.1 General
This European Standard describes the standard reference method (SRM), based on the paramagnetism
principle for sampling and determining oxygen concentration in flue gases emitted to atmosphere from ducts
and stacks. The specific components and the requirements for the sampling system and the paramagnetic
analyser are described in Clause 5. A number of performance characteristics, together with associated
performance criteria are specified for the analyser. These performance characteristics and the combined
uncertainty of the method shall meet the performance criteria given in this European Standard. Requirements
and recommendations for quality assurance and quality control are given in Clause 8 for measurements in the
field.
4.2 Measuring principle
The paramagnetic method is based on the principle that oxygen molecules are strongly attracted to a
magnetic field. This property, known as paramagnetism, can be used for the selective measurement of
oxygen in flue gases where the other constituents are either slightly or non-paramagnetic. The magnetic
susceptibility or degree of magnetisation produced in a gas sample by a magnetic field is inversely
proportional to its absolute temperature. A gas sample containing oxygen, when exposed to the combined
effect of a magnetic gradient in a confined space, shall be constrained to flow in the direction of the magnetic
field. The magnitude of this flow, other factors being equal, is dependent on the oxygen concentration in the
gas sample induced flow. A number of devices, described in clause 5 have been developed to measure the
paramagnetically induced flow (see in Annex B an example of assessment of compliance of paramagnetic
method for oxygen with given uncertainty requirements).
Paramagnetic analysers are combined with an extractive sampling system and a gas conditioning system.
A sample of gas is taken from the stack with a sampling probe and conveyed to the analyser through a
measurement line and suitable gas conditioning system. The values from the analyser are recorded and/or
stored by means of electronic data processing systems.
9

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
5 Description of the measuring system
5.1 General on sampling and sample gas conditioning systems
A volume of flue gas (see 8.2) is extracted from the emission source for a fixed period of time at a controlled
flow rate. A filter removes the dust in the sampled volume before the sampled gas is conditioned and passed
to the analyser.
Two different sampling and conditioning configurations are available in order to avoid uncontrolled water
condensation in the measuring system. Both approaches require that the user shall check that the dew point
temperature is lower or equal to 4 °C at the outlet of the analyser. The user may correct the results for the
remaining water content in order to report results on a dry basis (refer to the table of Annex B in prEN 14790).
These configurations are:
 configuration 1: removal of water vapour by condensation using a cooling system;
 configuration 2: removal of water vapour through elimination within a permeation drier.
Schematic diagrams of typical measuring systems are shown in Annex C.
It is important that all components of the sampling system upstream of the analyser are made of materials that
do not react with or absorb oxygen. Except for the cooling system of configuration 1, the temperature of its
components coming into contact with the gas, shall be maintained at a sufficiently high temperature to avoid
any condensation.
Conditions and layout of the sampling and sample gas conditioning system contribute to the combined
uncertainty of the measurement. In order to minimise this contribution to the combined measurement
uncertainty, performance criteria for the sampling system and sampling conditions are given in 5.2 and
Clause 6.
Some other sample gas conditioning systems may exist and could be acceptable, provided they fulfil the
requirements of this European Standard and have been validated with success during the certification
process. For example, some systems put gas in depression using a simple sonic nozzle in the collection
probe in order to create a partial vacuum (between 50 hPa and 100 hPa absolute pressure) so that the head
of collection and the measurement line does not need to be heated and water vapour condensation is
avoided.
5.2 Sampling and conditioning system
5.2.1 Sampling probe
In order to reach the measurement points in the measurement plane, probes of different lengths and inner
diameters may be used. The design and configuration of the probe used shall ensure the residence time of
the sample gas within the probe is minimised in order to reduce the response time of the measuring system.
NOTE 1 The probe can be marked before sampling in order to demonstrate that the measurement points in the
measurement plane have been reached.
NOTE 2 A sealable connection can be installed on the probe in order to introduce test gases for adjustment.
5.2.2 Filter
The filter and filter holder shall be made of an inert material (e.g. ceramic or sinter metal filter with an
appropriate pore size). It shall be heated above the water or acid dew point. The particle filter shall be
changed or cleaned periodically depending on the dust loading at the measurement site.
NOTE Overloading of the particle filter can increase the pressure drop in the measurement line.
10

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
5.2.3 Measurement line
The measurement line shall be heated up to the conditioning system. It shall be made of a suitable corrosion
resistant material (e.g. stainless steel, borosilicate glass, ceramic or titanium; PTFE is only suitable for flue
gas temperature lower than 200 °C).
Excessive temperature should be avoided because it might alter the flue gas characteristics.
5.2.4 Sample gas cooler or permeation drier
The sample-gas cooler or permeation drier shall be used before the gas enters the analyser in order to
separate water vapour from the flue gas. A maximum dew-point temperature of 4 °C shall not be exceeded at
the outlet of the system.
Due to ammonium salts deposition on the permeation tube, the permeation system shall not be used when
NH is present.
3
NOTE The measured oxygen concentration, given by these sampling configurations, can be considered to be dry.
However, the user can correct the results for the remaining water (refer to the Table of Annex B in prEN 14790).
5.2.5 Sample gas pump
When a pump is not an integral part of the paramagnetic analyser, an external pump is necessary to draw the
sample gas through the apparatus. It shall be capable of operating according to the specified flow
requirements of the manufacturer of the analyser and pressure conditions required for the reaction chamber.
The pump shall be resistant to corrosion and consistent with the requirements of the analyser to which it is
connected and has to meet the criterion on Table 1 related to the influence of gas pressure.
NOTE The quantity of sample gas required can vary between 15 l/h and 500 I/h, depending upon the analyser and
the expected response time.
5.2.6 Secondary filter
The secondary filter is used to separate fine dust, with a pore size of 1 µm to 2 µm. It may be made in glass-
fibre, sintered ceramic, stainless steel or PTFE.
NOTE No additional secondary filter is necessary when they are part of the analyser itself.
5.2.7 Flow controller and flow meter
This apparatus sets the required sample gas flow. A corrosion resistant material shall be used. The sample
gas flow rate into the instrument shall be maintained according to the analyser manufacturer’s requirements.
A controlled pressure drop across restrictors is usually employed to maintain flow rate control into the
analyser.
NOTE No additional flow controller or flow meter is necessary when they are part of the analyser itself.
5.3 Different variants of the paramagnetism principle
Several variants of application of the paramagnetism principle are available. Some of them are described
below:
a) Thermo-magnetic
Two separate chambers (reference and measuring chambers) are equipped with thermo-sensitive
resistors, which form an assembly with a Wheatstone bridge. The measuring chamber is located in a
magnetic field while the reference is not. When the concentration of oxygen increases, the flow in the
measurement chamber is greater than the flow in the reference chamber. This creates a differential
11

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
oSIST prEN 14789:2015
prEN 14789:2014 (E)
cooling effect on the resistors. The equilibrium of the Wheatstone bridge is restored by an increase of an
electric current in the resistors and this current is proportional to the oxygen concentration.
b) Magneto-mechanic
In one measuring chamber, two permanent magnets create a non-homogenous magnetic field in which a
very light float is suspended. When the gas is injected into the chamber, the oxygen molecules are
attracted by the magnetic field. This in turn creates a differential partial pressure, which then alters the
position of the float. An electromagnetic field is then applied to compensate for this change, while the
strength of the applied compensatory field is proportional to the concentration of oxygen.
c) Magneto-pneumatic
The sampled gas and a reference gas circulate within an electromagnet. Each gas is subject to a
modification of pressure that is proportional to the oxygen concentration. This pressure difference then
alters the position of the membrane of a capacitor. The variation in capacitance allows the conversion of
the pressure signal to an electric signal, which in turn is proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen.
6 Performance characteristics of the SRM
Table 1 gives an overview of the minimum performance characteristics of the whole method including the
analyser and the sampling and sample gas conditioning system. These performance characteristics shall be
1)
determined in a general performance test according to the test procedures described in prEN 15267-4 by an
independent test laboratory accredited or recognized by the competent authorities for the implementation of
test procedures of prEN 15267-4.
The independent test laboratory shall check the conformity of the analyser with its sampling and sample gas
conditioning system to fulfil the performance criterion attached to each performance characteristic. The
maximum allowable deviations as a
...