SIST EN ISO 7405:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
01-januar-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 7405:2009
SIST EN ISO 7405:2009/A1:2013
=RER]GUDYVWYR2YUHGQRWHQMHELRNRPSDWLELOQRVWLPHGLFLQVNLKSULSRPRþNRYY
]RER]GUDYVWYX,62
Dentistry - Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry (ISO
7405:2018)
Zahnheilkunde - Beurteilung der Biokompatibilität von in der Zahnheilkunde verwendeten
Medizinprodukten (ISO 7405:2018)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Évaluation de la biocompatibilité des dispositifs médicaux
utilisés en médecine bucco-dentaire (ISO 7405:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 7405:2018
ICS:
11.060.01 Zobozdravstvo na splošno Dentistry in general
11.100.20 %LRORãNRRYUHGQRWHQMH Biological evaluation of
PHGLFLQVNLKSULSRPRþNRY medical devices
SIST EN ISO 7405:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019


EN ISO 7405
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

November 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.060.10; 11.100.99 Supersedes EN ISO 7405:2008
English Version

Dentistry - Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical
devices used in dentistry (ISO 7405:2018)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Évaluation de la Zahnheilkunde - Beurteilung der Biokompatibilität von
biocompatibilité des dispositifs médicaux utilisés en in der Zahnheilkunde verwendeten Medizinprodukten
médecine bucco-dentaire (ISO 7405:2018) (ISO 7405:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 August 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 7405:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
EN ISO 7405:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
EN ISO 7405:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 7405:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106 "Dentistry"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 7405:2008.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 7405:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 7405:2018 without any modification.


3

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7405
Third edition
2018-10
Corrected version
2018-12
Dentistry — Evaluation of
biocompatibility of medical devices
used in dentistry
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Évaluation de la biocompatibilité des
dispositifs médicaux utilisés en médecine bucco-dentaire
Reference number
ISO 7405:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
ISO 7405:2018(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
ISO 7405:2018(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Categorization of medical devices . 2
4.1 Categorization by nature of contact . 2
4.1.1 General. 2
4.1.2 Non-contact devices . 3
4.1.3 Surface-contacting devices . 3
4.1.4 External communicating devices . 3
4.1.5 Implant devices used in dentistry . 3
4.2 Categorization by duration of contact . 3
4.2.1 General. 3
4.2.2 Limited exposure devices . 3
4.2.3 Prolonged exposure devices . 3
4.2.4 Permanent contact devices . 4
5 Biological evaluation process . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Selection of tests and overall assessment . 4
5.3 Selection of test methods . 4
5.4 Types of test . 5
5.4.1 General. 5
5.4.2 Physical and chemical characterization . 5
5.4.3 Group I . 5
5.4.4 Group II . 5
5.4.5 Group III . 6
5.5 Re-evaluation of biocompatibility . 6
6 Test procedures specific to dental materials . 6
6.1 Recommendations for sample preparation . 6
6.1.1 General. 6
6.1.2 General recommendations for sample preparation . 6
6.1.3 Specific recommendations for light curing materials . 7
6.1.4 Specific recommendations for chemically setting materials . 8
6.1.5 Positive control material . 8
6.2 Agar diffusion test . 8
6.2.1 Objective . . 8
6.2.2 Cell line . 8
6.2.3 Culture medium, reagents and equipment . 8
6.2.4 Sample preparation . 9
6.2.5 Controls . 9
6.2.6 Test procedure . 9
6.2.7 Parameters of assessment . 9
6.2.8 Assessment of results .10
6.2.9 Test report .11
6.3 Filter diffusion test .11
6.3.1 Objective . .11
6.3.2 Cell line .11
6.3.3 Culture medium, reagents and equipment .11
6.3.4 Sample preparation .11
6.3.5 Controls .12
6.3.6 Test procedure .12
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
ISO 7405:2018(E)

6.3.7 Assessment of cell damage.12
6.3.8 Assessment of results .13
6.3.9 Test report .13
6.4 Pulp and dentine usage test .13
6.4.1 Objective . .13
6.4.2 Animals and animal welfare .13
6.4.3 Test procedure .14
6.4.4 Assessment of results .19
6.4.5 Test report .19
6.5 Pulp capping test .19
6.5.1 Objective . .19
6.5.2 Animals and animal welfare .19
6.5.3 Test procedure .20
6.5.4 Assessment of results .22
6.5.5 Test report .22
6.6 Endodontic usage test .22
6.6.1 Objective . .22
6.6.2 Animals and animal welfare .22
6.6.3 Test procedure .22
6.6.4 Assessment of results .24
6.6.5 Test report .25
Annex A (informative) Types of test to be considered for evaluation of biocompatibility of
medical devices used in dentistry .26
Annex B (informative) Dentine barrier cytotoxicity test .29
Annex C (informative) Endosseous dental implant usage test .37
Bibliography .41
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
ISO 7405:2018(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry.
This third edition of ISO 7405 cancels and replaces ISO 7405:2008 and ISO/TS 22911:2016 which have
been technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 7405:2008/Amd.1:2013.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— as crucial first step in the biological evaluation a material characterization is required before
biological tests are conducted (see 5.4.2)
— modifications of contents of ‘pulp and dentine usage test’ and ‘endodontic test’
— deletion of Annex C (Acute toxicity testing);
— addition of ISO/TS 22911 as new Annex C.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
This corrected version of ISO 7405:2018 incorporates the following corrections.
rd rd
—In Table A.1, 3 row, 3 column for “Physical and/or chemical data”, “ISO 10993-18” and “ISO/
TS 10993-19” have been added.
rd th
—In Table A.1, 3 row, 5 column for “Cytotoxicity tests”, “ISO 10993-5” has been added.
rd th
—In Table A.1, 3 row, 11 column for “Genotoxicity”, “ISO 10993-3” has been added.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
ISO 7405:2018(E)

Introduction
This document describes the evaluation of the biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry. It is
to be used in conjunction with the ISO 10993 series of standards. This document contains special tests,
for which ample experience exists in dentistry and which acknowledge the special needs of dentistry.
Only test methods for which the members of the committee considered there was sufficient published
data have been included. In recommending test methods, the need to minimize the number and exposure
of test animals was given a high priority. It is essential that the decision to undertake tests involving
animals be reached only after a full and careful review of the evidence indicating that a similar outcome
cannot be achieved by other types of test. In order to keep the number of animals required for tests
to an absolute minimum, consistent with achieving the objective indicated, it can be appropriate to
conduct more than one type of test on the same animal at the same time, e.g. pulp and dentine usage
test and pulp capping test. However, in accordance with ISO 10993-2 these tests are performed both
in an efficient and humane way. On all occasions when animal testing is undertaken, such tests are
conducted empathetically and according to standardized procedures as described for each test.
This document does not explicitly describe test methods for occupationally related risks.
Annex B is included to encourage the development of in vitro and ex vivo test methods which will further
reduce the use of animals in the evaluation of the biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry.
Annex C is based on and replaces ISO/TS 22911.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7405:2018(E)
Dentistry — Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical
devices used in dentistry
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for the evaluation of biological effects of medical devices used in
dentistry. It includes testing of pharmacological agents that are an integral part of the device under test.
This document does not cover testing of materials and devices that do not come into direct or indirect
contact with the patient's body.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 6344-1, Coated abrasives — Grain size analysis — Part 1: Grain size distribution test
ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk
management process
ISO 10993-2, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 2: Animal welfare requirements
ISO 10993-3, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 3: Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and
reproductive toxicity
ISO 10993-5, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity
ISO 10993-6, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 6: Tests for local effects after implantation
ISO 10993-10, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 10: Tests for irritation and skin sensitization
ISO 10993-11, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 11: Tests for systemic toxicity
ISO 10993-12, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 12: Sample preparation and reference
materials
ISO 10993-18, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 18: Chemical characterization of materials
ISO/TS 10993-19, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 19: Physico-chemical, morphological and
topographical characterization of materials
ISO 14971, Medical devices — Application of risk management to medical devices
ISO 16443, Dentistry — Vocabulary for dental implants systems and related procedure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942, ISO 10993-1,
ISO 10993-12, ISO 16443 and the following apply.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 7405:2019
ISO 7405:2018(E)

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
dental material
material and/or substance or combination of materials and/or substances specially formulated and
prepared for use in the practice of dentistry and/or associated procedures
3.2
final product
medical device or device component that includes all manufacturing processes for the “to be marketed”
device including packaging and sterilization, if applicable, and that includes processes prior to intended
use, such as mixing, preconditioning and preparation
3.3
positive control material
well characterized material and/or substance that, when evaluated by a specific test method,
demonstrates the suitability of the test system to yield a reproducible, appropriately positive or reactive
response in the test system
3.4
negative control material
well characterized material and/or substance that, when evaluated by a specific test method,
demonstrates the suitability of the test system to yield a reproducible, appropriately negative, non-
reactive or minimal response in the test system
Note 1 to entry: In practice, negative controls include blanks, vehicles/solvents and reference materials (3.5).
3.5
reference material
material with one or more property values that are sufficiently reproducible and well established
to enable use of the material or substance for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a
measurement method or for the
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
01-maj-2017
=RER]GUDYVWYR2YUHGQRWHQMHELRNRPSDWLELOQRVWLPHGLFLQVNLKSULSRPRþNRYY
]RER]GUDYVWYX,62',6
Dentistry - Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry (ISO/DIS
7405:2017)
Zahnheilkunde - Beurteilung der Biokompatibilität von in der Zahnheilkunde verwendeten
Medizinprodukten (ISO/DIS 7405:2017)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Évaluation de la biocompatibilité des dispositifs médicaux
utilisés en médecine bucco-dentaire (ISO/DIS 7405:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 7405
ICS:
11.060.01 Zobozdravstvo na splošno Dentistry in general
11.100.20 %LRORãNRRYUHGQRWHQMH Biological evaluation of
PHGLFLQVNLKSULSRPRþNRY medical devices
oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017

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oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 7405
ISO/TC 106 Secretariat: SCC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2017-03-07 2017-05-29
Dentistry — Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical
devices used in dentistry
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Évaluation de la biocompatibilité des dispositifs médicaux utilisés en médecine
bucco-dentaire
ICS: 11.060.10; 11.100.99
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2017

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oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Categorization of medical devices . 3
4.1 Categorization by nature of contact . 3
4.1.1 General. 3
4.1.2 Non-contact devices . 3
4.1.3 Surface-contacting devices . 3
4.1.4 External communicating devices . 3
4.1.5 Implant devices used in dentistry . 3
4.2 Categorization by duration of contact . 4
4.2.1 General. 4
4.2.2 Limited exposure devices . 4
4.2.3 Prolonged exposure devices . 4
4.2.4 Permanent contact devices . 4
5 Biological evaluation process . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Selection of tests and overall assessment . 5
5.3 Selection of test methods . 5
5.4 Types of test . 5
5.5 Re-evaluation of biocompatibility . 6
6 Test procedures specific to dental materials . 6
6.1 Recommendations for sample preparation . 6
6.1.1 General. 6
6.1.2 General recommendations for sample preparation . 7
6.1.3 Specific recommendations for light curing materials . 7
6.1.4 Specific recommendations for chemically setting materials . 8
6.1.5 Positive control material . 8
6.2 Agar diffusion test . 8
6.2.1 Objective . . 8
6.2.2 Cell line . 8
6.2.3 Culture medium, reagents and equipment . 8
6.2.4 Sample preparation . 9
6.2.5 Controls . 9
6.2.6 Test procedure . 9
6.2.7 Parameters of assessment .10
6.2.8 Assessment of results .10
6.2.9 Test report .11
6.3 Filter diffusion test .11
6.3.1 Objective . .11
6.3.2 Cell line .11
6.3.3 Culture medium, reagents and equipment .11
6.3.4 Sample preparation .12
6.3.5 Controls .12
6.3.6 Test procedure .12
6.3.7 Assessment of cell damage.13
6.3.8 Assessment of results .13
6.3.9 Test report .13
6.4 Pulp and dentine usage test .14
6.4.1 Objective . .14
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii

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oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)

6.4.2 Animals and animal welfare .14
6.4.3 Test procedure .14
6.4.4 Assessment of results .19
6.4.5 Test report .19
6.5 Pulp capping test .19
6.5.1 Objective . .19
6.5.2 Animals and animal welfare .19
6.5.3 Test procedure .20
6.5.4 Assessment of results .22
6.5.5 Test report .22
6.6 Endodontic usage test .22
6.6.1 Objective . .22
6.6.2 Animals and animal welfare .22
6.6.3 Test procedure .22
6.6.4 Assessment of results .24
6.6.5 Test report .25
Annex A (informative) Types of test to be considered for evaluation of biocompatibility of
medical devices used in dentistry .26
Annex B (informative) Dentine barrier cytotoxicity test .29
Annex C (informative) Endosseous dental implant usage test .37
Bibliography .41
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 106, Dentistry.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7405:2008) which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
a) inclusion of Amendment 1:2013;
b) deletion of Annex C (Acute toxicity testing);
c) addition of ISO/TS 22911 as new Annex C.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)

Introduction
This document describes the evaluation of the biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry. It is
to be used in conjunction with the ISO 10993- series of standards. This document contains special tests,
for which ample experience exists in dentistry and which acknowledge the special needs of dentistry.
Only test methods for which the members of the committee considered there was sufficient published
data have been included. In recommending test methods, the need to minimize the use of animals was
given a high priority. It is essential that the decision to undertake tests involving animals be reached
only after a full and careful review of the evidence indicating that a similar outcome cannot be achieved
by other types of test. In order to keep the number of animals required for tests to an absolute minimum,
consistent with achieving the objective indicated, it can be appropriate to conduct more than one type
of test on the same animal at the same time, e.g. pulp and dentin usage test and pulp capping test.
However, in accordance with ISO 10993-2 these tests are performed both in an efficient and humane
way. On all occasions when animal testing is undertaken, such tests are conducted empathetically and
according to standardized procedures as described for each test.
This document does not explicitly describe test methods for occupationally related risks.
Annex B is included to encourage the development of in vitro and ex vivo test methods which will further
reduce the use of animals in the evaluation of the biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry.
Annex C is based on and will replace the former ISO/TS 22911.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 7405:2017
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7405:2017(E)
Dentistry — Evaluation of biocompatibility of medical
devices used in dentistry
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for the evaluation of biological effects of medical devices used in
dentistry. It includes testing of pharmacological agents that are an integral part of the device under test.
This document does not cover testing of materials and devices that do not come into direct or indirect
contact with the patient’s body.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6344-1, Coated abrasives — Grain size analysis — Part 1: Grain size distribution test
ISO 10993-1, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk
management process
ISO 10993-2, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 2: Animal welfare requirements
ISO 10993-3, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 3: Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and
reproductive toxicity
ISO 10993-5, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity
ISO 10993-6, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 6: Tests for local effects after implantation
ISO 10993-10, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 10: Tests for irritation and skin sensitization
ISO 10993-11, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 11: Tests for systemic toxicity
ISO 10993-12:2012, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 12: Sample preparation and reference
materials
ISO 10993-18, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 18: Chemical characterization of materials
ISO 10993-19, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 19: Physico-chemical, morphological and
topographical characterization of materials
ISO 14971, Medical devices — Application of risk management to medical devices
ISO/TR 15499, Biological evaluation of medical devices — Guidance on the conduct of biological evaluation
within a risk management process
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942, ISO 10993-1,
ISO 10993-12, ISO 16443 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
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— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
medical device
any instrument, apparatus, appliance, software, material or other article, whether used alone or in
combination, together with any accessories, including the software necessary for its proper application
intended by the manufacturer to be used for medical purposes for human beings for the purpose of:
— diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment or alleviation of disease;
— diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, alleviation of or compensation for an injury or handicap;
— investigation, replacement or modification of the anatomy or of a physiological process;
— control of conception;
and which does not achieve its principal intended action in or on the human body by pharmacological,
immunological or metabolic means, but which may be assisted in its function by such means
3.2
dental material
material and/or substance or combination of materials and/or substances specially formulated and
prepared for use in the practice of dentistry and/or associated procedures
3.3
final product
medical device in its “as-used” state, as defined by the manufacturer’s specification or labelling
Note 1 to entry: Many dental materials are used in a freshly mixed state, and evaluation of the materials in both
freshly mixed and set conditions should be considered.
3.4
positive control
positive control material
any well characterized material and/or substance that, when evaluated by a specific test method,
demonstrates the suitability of the test system to yield a reproducible, appropriately positive or reactive
response in the test system
3.5
negative control
negative control material
any well characterized material and/or substance that, when evaluated by a specific test method,
demonstrates the suitability of the test system to yield a reproducible, appropriately negative, non-
reactive or minimal response in the test system
Note 1 to entry: In practice, negative controls include blanks, vehicles/solvents and reference materials.
3.6
reference material
material with one or more property values that are sufficiently reproducible and well established
to enable use of the material or substance for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a
measurement method or for the assignment of values to materials
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this document, a reference material is any well characterized material and/or
substance that, when tested by the procedure described, demonstrates the suitability of the procedure to yield a
reproducible, predictable response. The response may be negative or positive.
3.7
in vitro pulp chamber
device that holds a thin slice of dentine between two chambers and allows fluid and molecules to filter
or to diffuse across the “dentine barrier”
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3.8
hydraulic conductance
active movement or filtration of fluid and its constituents through a barrier such as dentin by means of
a pressure gradient
3.9
diffusion
establishment of passive movement of solutes (solublized constituents) by means of a diffusion gradient
through the “dentin barrier”
4 Categorization of medical devices
4.1 Categorization by nature of contact
4.1.1 General
For the purposes of this document, the classification of medical devices used in dentistry is derived
from ISO 10993-1. If a device or material can be placed in more than one category, the more rigorous
testing requirements shall apply. With multiple exposures the decision into which category a device is
placed shall take into account the potential cumulative effect, bearing in mind the period of time over
which these exposures occur.
NOTE In this context the term dentistry includes the oromaxillofacial environment.
4.1.2 Non-contact devices
These devices do not contact the patient’s body directly or indirectly, and are not included in
ISO 10993-1.
4.1.3 Surface-contacting devices
These devices include those that contact the surface of intact or breached or otherwise compromised
skin, the surface of intact or breached or otherwise compromised oral mucosa, and those that contact
the external surfaces of dental hard tissue, including enamel, dentine and cementum.
NOTE In some circumstances, dentine and cementum are considered as surfaces, e.g. after gingival
recession.
4.1.4 External communicating devices
These devices include dental devices that penetrate and are in contact with oral mucosa, dental hard
tissues, dental pulp tissue or bone, or any combination of these, and are exposed to the oral environment.
NOTE This group also includes any kind of lining or base material to be used under a restoration.
4.1.5 Implant devices used in dentistry
These devices include dental implants and other dental devices that are partially or fully embedded in
one or more of the following:
a) soft tissue, e.g. subperiosteal implants and subdermal implants;
b) bone, e.g. endosteal implants and bone substitutes;
c) pulpodentinal system of the tooth, e.g. endodontic materials;
d) any combination of these, e.g. transosteal implants.
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4.2 Categorization by duration of contact
4.2.1 General
For the purposes of this document, medical devices used in dentistry are classified by duration of
contact as described in ISO 10993-1 and listed in 4.2.2 to 4.2.4.
4.2.2 Limited exposure devices
Devices whose cumulative single or multiple use or contact is likely to be up to 24 h.
4.2.3 Prolonged exposure devices
Devices whose cumulative single, multiple or long-term use or contact is likely to exceed 24 h but not 30 d.
4.2.4 Permanent contact devices
Devices whose cumulative single, multiple or long-term use or contact exceeds 30 d.
NOTE 1 The definition of the term “permanent” is meant to be applied solely for the use of this document. It is
consistent with the definition given in ISO 10993-1.
NOTE 2 With multiple exposures to the device, the decision into which category a device is placed should take
into account the potential cumulative effect, bearing in mind the period of time over which these exposures occur.
5 Biological evaluation process
5.1 General
Each medical device used in dentistry shall be subjected to a structured bio
...