SIST EN ISO 5165:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 5165:2019
01-november-2019
Naftni proizvodi - Določevanje kakovosti vžiga dieselskih goriv - Cetansko število
po motorni metodi (ISO/DIS 5165:2019)
Petroleum products - Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels - Cetane engine
method (ISO/DIS 5165:2019)
Mineralölerzeugnisse - Bestimmung der Zündwilligkeit von Dieselkraftstoffen - Cetan-
Verfahren mit dem CFR-Motor (ISO/DIS 5165:2019)
Produits pétroliers - Détermination de la qualité d'inflammabilité des carburants pour
moteurs diesel - Méthode cétane (ISO/DIS 5165:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 5165
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
oSIST prEN ISO 5165:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 5165:2019

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oSIST prEN ISO 5165:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 5165
ISO/TC 28 Secretariat: NEN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-09-12 2019-12-05
Petroleum products — Determination of the ignition
quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine method
Produits pétroliers — Détermination de la qualité d'inflammabilité des carburants pour moteurs diesel —
Méthode cétane
ICS: 75.160.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 5165:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019

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oSIST prEN ISO 5165:2019
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 3
5 Reagents and reference materials . 3
6 Apparatus . 5
7 Sampling and sample preparation . 8
8 Basic engine and instrument settings and standard operating conditions .9
8.1 Installation of engine equipment and instrumentation . 9
8.2 Engine speed . 9
8.3 Valve timing . 9
8.4 Valve lift . 9
8.5 Fuel pump timing . 9
8.6 Fuel pump inlet pressure .10
8.7 Direction of engine rotation .10
8.8 Injection timing .10
8.9 Injector nozzle opening pressure .10
8.10 Injection flow rate .10
8.11 Injector coolant passage temperature .10
8.12 Valve clearances .10
8.13 Oil pressure .10
8.14 Oil temperature .10
8.15 Cylinder jacket coolant temperature .10
8.16 Intake air temperature .10
8.17 Basic ignition delay .10
8.18 Cylinder jacket coolant level.11
8.19 Engine-crankcase lubricating oil level .11
8.20 Crankcase internal pressure .11
8.21 Exhaust back-pressure .11
8.22 Exhaust and crankcase breather system resonance .11
8.23 Piston over-travel .11
8.24 Belt tension .11
8.25 Injector opening or release pressure .11
8.26 Injector spray pattern .12
8.27 Indexing handwheel reading .12
8.27.1 General.12
8.27.2 Basic setting of variable compression plug .12
8.27.3 Setting handwheel micrometer drum and scale .12
8.27.4 Setting handwheel reading .12
8.28 Basic compression pressure .12
8.29 Fuel pump lubricating oil level.13
8.30 Fuel pump timing gear-box oil level .13
8.31 Setting instrumentation reference pickups .13
8.32 Setting injector pickup gap .13
9 Engine qualification .14
9.1 Engine conformity .14
9.2 Checking performance on check fuels .14
9.3 Check in the case of nonconformity .14
10 Procedure.14
10.1 General .14
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10.2 Sample introduction .15
10.3 Fuel flow rate .15
10.4 Fuel injection timing .15
10.5 Ignition delay .15
10.6 Equilibration .15
10.7 Handwheel reading .15
10.8 Reference fuel no. 1 .15
10.9 Reference fuel no. 2 .16
10.10 Number of blends of reference fuels .16
10.11 Repeat readings .16
11 Calculation .17
12 Expression of results .18
13 Precision .19
13.1 General .19
13.2 Repeatability, r .19
13.3 Reproducibility, R .19
13.4 Precision basis .19
14 Test report .20
Bibliography .21
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and related
products of synthetic or biological origin.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 5165:2017), which has been technically
revised. It is aligned with ASTM D613 at the time of publication.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— introduction of requirements for primary reference fuels, secondary reference fuels and check fuels;
— introduction of a new low cetane primary reference fuel, pentamethylheptane (PMH), as an
alternative to heptamethylnonane (HMN);
— new reporting requirements.
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oSIST prEN ISO 5165:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 5165:2019(E)
Petroleum products — Determination of the ignition
quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine method
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to
ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document.
1 Scope
This document establishes the rating of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane numbers
(CNs) using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, indirect injected
diesel engine. The CN provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression
ignition engines. The CN is determined at constant speed in a pre-combustion chamber-type
compression ignition test engine. However, the relationship of test engine performance to full scale,
variable speed and variable load engines is not completely understood.
This document is applicable for the entire scale range from 0 CN to 100 CN but typical testing is in the
range of 30 CN to 65 CN. An interlaboratory study executed by CEN in 2013 (10 samples in the range
[1]
52,4 CN to 73,8 CN) confirmed that paraffinic diesel from synthesis or hydrotreatment, containing up
to a volume fraction of 7 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) can be tested by this test method and that
the precision is comparable to conventional fuels.
This test can be used for unconventional fuels such as synthetics, vegetable oils, etc. However, the
relationship to the performance of such materials in full scale engines is not completely understood.
Samples with fluid properties that interfere with the gravity flow of fuel to the fuel pump or delivery
through the injector nozzle are not suitable for rating by this method.
NOTE This document specifies operating conditions in SI units but engine measurements are specified in
inch-pound units because these are the historical units used in the manufacture of the equipment, and thus some
references in this document include these units in parenthesis.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 4787, Laboratory glassware — Volumetric instruments — Methods for testing of capacity and for use
ASTM D613, Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
ASTM D3703, Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
ASTM E832-81, Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cetane number
CN
measure of the ignition performance of a diesel fuel oil obtained by comparing it to reference fuels in a
standardized engine test
Note 1 to entry: Ignition performance is understood to mean the ignition delay (3.3) of the fuel as determined
when the standard test engine is operated under controlled conditions of fuel flow rate, injection timing (3.4) and
compression ratio (3.2).
3.2
compression ratio
ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber including the pre-combustion chamber with the piston
at bottom-dead-centre (b.d.c.) to the comparable volume with the piston at top-dead-centre (t.d.c.)
3.3
ignition delay
period of time between the start of fuel injection and the start of combustion expressed in degrees of
crank angle rotation
3.4
injection timing
injection advance
time in the combustion cycle at which fuel injection into the combustion chamber is initiated expressed
in degrees of crank angle
3.5
handwheel reading
arbitrary numerical value, related to compression ratio (3.2), obtained from a micrometer scale that
indicates the position of the variable compression plug in the pre-combustion chamber of the engine
3.6
cetane meter
ignition delay meter
electronic instrument which displays injection timing (3.4) and ignition delay (3.3) derived from input
pulses of multiple transducers (pickups)
Note 1 to entry: Three generations of apparatus have been approved for use as cetane meters. These are (with
the year of introduction in parenthesis) the Mark II Ignition Delay Meter (1974), the Dual Digital Cetane Meter
(1990) and the XCP Cetane Panel (2014).
3.7
injector nozzle opening pressure
fuel pressure that overcomes the resistance of the spring which normally holds the injector nozzle
pintle closed, and thus forces the pintle to lift and release an injection spray from the nozzle
3.8
reference pickup
transducers or optical sensors mounted over the flywheel of the engine, triggered by a flywheel
pointer, used to establish a top-dead-centre (t.d.c.) reference and a time base for calibration of the
cetane meter (3.6)
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3.9
injector pickup
transducer to detect motion of the injector pintle, thereby indicating the beginning of injection
3.10
combustion pickup
pressure transducer exposed to cylinder pressure to indicate the start of combustion
3.11
primary reference fuel
PRF
hexadecane (n-cetane), heptamethylnonane (HMN), pentamethylheptane (PMH) and volumetrically
proportioned binary mixture of n-cetane with either HMN or PMH
Note 1 to entry: These PRFs now define the cetane number (CN) scale by the relationships given in the following
formulas:
CN =+%,cetane 015()%HMN (1)
CN =+%,cetane 0 163()%PMH (2)
Note 2 to entry: Alphamethylnaphthalene (1-methylnaphthalene), in its pure form, was originally defined
as 0 and n-cetane (hexadecane) as 100 for the CN scale. With blends of the two chemicals being used for the
intervening values, alphamethylnapthalene was subsequently replaced in 1962 by heptamethylnonane as the
low reference material, with an assigned value of 15, as it was more readily available and experience had shown
that it had better storage stability. Pentamethylheptane, a second low cetane ingredient as an alternative to
heptamethylnonane with an assigned value of 16,3, was introduced in 2018 to utilize a material of higher purity
and better availability.
3.12
secondary reference fuel
SRF
volumetrically proportioned blend of two selected, numbered and paired hydrocarbon mixtures
designated “T fuel” (high CN) and “U fuel” (low CN) where each numbered paired set of “T fuel” and
“U fuel” is rated by the ASTM Diesel National Exchange Group (NEG) in various combinations by
comparison to primary reference fuel (3.11) blends
3.13
check fuel
diesel fuel oil having a cetane number (3.1) value determined by an interlaboratory comparison which
provides a guide for an individual laboratory to check the cetane rating performance of a specific
engine unit
4 Principle
The CN of a diesel fuel oil is determined by comparing its combustion characteristics in a test engine
with those for blends of reference fuels of known CN under standard operating conditions. This
is accomplished using the bracketing handwheel procedure, which varies the compression ratio
(handwheel reading) for the sample and each of two bracketing reference fuels to obtain a specific
ignition delay permitting the interpolation of CN in terms of handwheel reading.
5 Reagents and reference materials
5.1 Cylinder jacket coolant, water conforming to grade 3 of ISO 3696.
Water shall be used in the cylinder jacket for laboratory locations where the resultant boiling
temperature is 100 °C ± 2 °C (212 °F ± 3 °F). Water with commercial glycol-based antifreeze added in
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a sufficient quantity to meet the boiling temperature requirement shall be used when the laboratory
altitude dictates. A commercial multi-functional water-treatment material should be used in the coolant
to minimize corrosion and mineral scale that can alter heat transfer and rating results.
[2]
5.2 Engine crankcase lubricating oil, an SAE 30 viscosity grade oil meeting current American
Petroleum Institute (API) service classification or compatible previous API service classification for
2
engines shall be used. It shall contain a detergent additive and have a kinematic viscosity of 9,3 mm /s
2
to 12,5 mm /s at 100 °C (212 °F) and a viscosity index of not less than 85. Oils containing viscosity index
improvers shall not be used. Multi-graded lubricating oils shall not be used.
The suggested oil change interval is 50 engine-running hours.
5.3 Cetane primary reference fuel (PRF), hexadecane meeting the specifications in Table 1 shall be
used as the designated 100 CN component.
5.4 Heptamethylnonane PRF, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane meeting the specifications in Table 1
shall be used as the designated 15 CN component.
5.5 Pentamethylheptane PRF, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane meeting the specifications in Table 1
shall be used as the designated 16,3 CN component.
WARNING — PRFs are combustible and vapour harmful.
IMPORTANT — Store and use PRFs at temperatures of 20 °C or higher to avoid solidification of
hexadecane, which has a melting point of 18 °C.
Table 1 — Specifications for primary reference fuels
Property Hexadecane Heptamethylnonane Pentamethylheptane Test method
Purity, mass %, Gas Chromatogra-
99,
...