SIST EN 13445-10:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13445-10:2016
01-marec-2016
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO'RGDWQH]DKWHYH]DWODþQHSRVRGHL]QLNOMDLQ
QLNOMHYLK]OLWLQ
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel
and nickel alloys
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus
Nickel und Nickellegierungen
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 10 : Exigences
complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-10:2015
ICS:
23.020.32 7ODþQHSRVRGH Pressure vessels
77.150.40 Nikljevi in kromovi izdelki Nickel and chromium
products
SIST EN 13445-10:2016 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016


EN 13445-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

December 2015
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.020.30
English Version

Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional
requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel
alloys
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche
Partie 10 : Exigences complémentaires pour les Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus Nickel und
récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel Nickellegierungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 October 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-10:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 5
4 General requirements . 5
5 Materials . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Material grouping system . 6
5.3 Material documentation . 6
5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture . 6
5.5 Lamellar tearing . 6
6 Design . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Time-independent nominal design stress . 6
6.3 Creep design . 7
6.4 Shells under external pressure . 7
6.5 Fatigue design . 7
7 Manufacture . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR) . 8
7.3 Qualification of welders and welding operators . 8
7.4 Joint preparation . 8
7.5 Preheat . 9
7.6 Production test, reference criteria . 9
7.7 Extent of testing . 9
7.8 Performance of test and acceptance criteria . 9
7.9 Forming procedures . 9
7.9.1 Cold forming . 9
7.9.2 Hot forming . 9
7.10 Heat treatment after forming . 10
7.10.1 General . 10
7.10.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming . 10
7.10.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming . 10
7.10.4 Heat treatment after hot forming . 11
7.11 Sampling of formed products . 11
7.11.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment . 11
7.11.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment . 11
7.12 Tests . 12
7.12.1 Base material . 12
7.12.2 Butt welds . 12
7.13 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) . 12
7.14 Repairs . 12
8 Inspection and testing . 12
8.1 General . 12
2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
8.2 Non-destructive testing of welded joints . 12
8.2.1 General . 12
8.2.2 Demonstration of satisfactory experience for testing group 2 . 13
8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing . 13
8.4 Selection of non destructive testing methods for surface imperfections . 18
8.5 Standard hydrostatic test . 18
Annex A (normative) . 19
Annex B (informative) Designations of some nickel alloys . 21
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC . 25
Bibliography . 26

3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13445-10:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
4

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
1 Scope
This Part 10 of this European Standard specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their
parts made of nickel and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired
pressure vessels under EN 13445-1:2014, EN 13445-2:2014, EN 13445-3:2014, EN 13445-4:2014 and
EN 13445-5:2014.
NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an
amendment to or a revision of this European Standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 764-5:2014, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Inspection documentation of metallic materials and
compliance with the material specification
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN 13445-1:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General
EN 13445-2:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials
EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design
EN 13445-4:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication
EN 13445-5:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing
EN ISO 9606-4:1999, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 4: Nickel and nickel alloys
(ISO 9606-4:1999)
EN ISO 14732, Welding personnel — Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732:2013)
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2013, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system (ISO/TR
15608:2013)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, symbols and units given in EN 13445-1:2014,
EN 13445-2:2014, EN 13445-3:2014, EN 13445-4:2014 and EN 13445-5:2014 and the following apply.
3.1
nickel alloys
those alloys which contain a minimum of 30 % nickel and contain more nickel than iron
4 General requirements
The general requirements of EN 13445-1:2014 shall apply.
5

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
5 Materials
5.1 General
The general requirements of EN 13445-2:2014 shall apply with the following additions/exclusions in
5.2 – 5.5.
NOTE There are presently no European Standards specifically for nickel or nickel alloys for pressure
purposes. This part 10 of EN 13445 is therefore limited to European Approval of Materials (EAM) or the use of
Particular Materials Appraisal (PMA). These may be used when they meet the requirements in 5.1 to 5.5 of this
part 10 of EN 13445.
5.2 Material grouping system
Annex A of EN 13445-2:2014 is not applicable to pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys and is
replaced by Annex A of this part 10 of EN 13445.
The grouping system for nickel and its alloys is shown in Table A.1 of this part 10 of EN 13445.
Only material having a minimum elongation after fracture greater than 25 % shall be used for
construction of pressure vessels.
Materials which have mechanical properties enhanced by precipitation hardening are excluded from
this part of EN 13445, unless they are to be used for bolting applications.
5.3 Material documentation
Materials for pressure bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this European Standard shall
be accompanied by inspection documentation in accordance with EN 10204:2004.
The type of inspection document shall be in accordance with EN 764-5:2014 and include a declaration
of compliance to the material specification.
5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture
There are no general requirements for nickel and nickel alloys at temperatures down to −196 °C.
However, the specific requirements of individual EAMs/PMAs shall be taken into account.
5.5 Lamellar tearing
Failure by lamellar tearing is not normally applicable to nickel and nickel alloys.
6 Design
6.1 General
All the design methods included in EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply, with the following amendments, given
in 6.2 – 6.5.
Physical properties of nickel and nickel alloys are given in Annex B.
6.2 Time-independent nominal design stress
The design stress for nickel and nickel alloy materials entering service without any subsequent heat
treatment shall be evaluated in accordance with Table 6.2-1.
If any material is subjected to subsequent heat treatment (for example, in the manufacture of dished
ends) representative material test coupons shall be heat treated with the components and subjected to
the same mechanical tests as used to certify the material at the manufacturer’s works. The nominal
design stress shall then be calculated in accordance with Table 6.2-1. If this design stress is lower than
6

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
that used in the original calculations, the design of that component and any other related components
shall be repeated using the nominal design stress derived from the properties of the heat treated
material.
For designs using nickel and nickel alloys attention is drawn to the effect of heat treatment on the
materials, and care should therefore be taken when determining the thickness of the materials that will
receive subsequent heat treatments during manufacture.
Table 6.2–1 — Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for nickel and nickel alloy
materials for pressure parts
Minimum specified Design stress for normal operating load Design stress for testing
elongation after fracture cases and exceptional load
(A) (%) cases
(MPa)
(MPa)
A > 35
R
R  
R
p1,0/T
p1,0/T
m/T test
f = min ; f =
 
d  test
1,2 3 1,05
  
30 < A ≤ 35
R R
   
p1,0/T p1,0/T
test
f = f =

d   test  
1,5 1,05
   
A ≤ 30
R
R 
 R 
p0,2/T
p0,2/T
m/20 test
f = min ; f =

d   test
1,5 2,4 1,05
 

6.3 Creep design
Where sufficient material data is available, creep design may be applied to nickel and nickel alloys using
the formulae and approach in Clause 19 of EN 13445-3:2014.
6.4 Shells under external pressure
The requirements in Clause 8 of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
In EN 13445-3:2014, 8.4, for shells made in nickel or nickel alloys, the nominal elastic limit shall be
given by:
R
p0,2/T
σ =
e
1,25
and for stiffeners in the same material by:
R
p0,2/T,s
σ =
es
1,25
6.5 Fatigue design
For loads up to 500 equivalent full pressure cycles no fatigue analysis is required. Above 500 cycles the
requirements of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
The application of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2014 (see 17.4.4 of EN 13445-3:2014) to nickel and nickel
alloys shall be limited to temperatures not exceeding 450 °C.
The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance (see 17.6.2.2 of
EN 13445-3: 2014) is:
7

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
For T* ≥ 100 °C:
2
−4 −7
( )
C =1,0164−1,4×10 T *−2,4×10 T *
t
The requirements of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
The application of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2014 (see 18.4.3 of EN 13445-3:2014) to nickel and nickel
alloys shall be limited to temperatures not exceeding 450 °C.
The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance, f (see 18.10.6.2
T*
of EN 13445-3:2014) is given by:
2
−4 −7
f =1,0164−1,4×10 T *−2,4×10 (T *)
T*
7 Manufacture
7.1 General
EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in 7.2 – 7.14.
NOTE 1 Not all welding processes are suitable for all nickel alloys.
NOTE 2 Welding consumables may be selected from EN ISO 14172:2015 and EN ISO 18274:2010.
7.2 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR)
The requirements of 7.3 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
a) Annex B of EN 13445-2:2014 shall not apply.
b) Impact testing is not normally required for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys at
temperatures down to −196 °C except for alloys in group 47.
c) For nickel alloys in group 47 when the design temperature is below −105 °C, impact testing shall be
carried out at −196 °C on the weld metal and heat affected zone of the WPQR.
7.3 Qualification of welders and welding operators
The requirements in 7.4 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
Replace reference to EN 287-1 with EN ISO 9606-4:1999.
7.4 Joint preparation
In addition to the requirements of 7.6 in EN 13445-4:2014 the following shall apply for pressure vessels
of nickel and its alloys:
a) the edges of plates that have been thermally cut shall be dressed back by machining or grinding for
a minimum distance of 1,5 mm to remove damaged material;
NOTE Nickel and nickel alloys are not subject to hardening by thermal cutting.
b) for plates less than 20 mm thickness cold shearing is permissible, provided that the cut edges are
dressed back mechanically by not less than 1,5 mm to permit a satisfactory examination of the
edges prior to welding;
c) plates less than 10 mm thick, which are cold sheared, need not be dressed prior to welding.
8

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
d) coated parts shall be free of coating products for a minimum distance of 50 mm from the edge of
the weld preparation, in order that the coating does not interfere with the welding process, and to
safeguard the coating itself;
e) after welding, the welded areas shall be cleaned, and any residues, slag, spatter, etc. shall be
removed.
7.5 Preheat
Preheating is not normally necessary for nickel and nickel alloys.
When the metal temperature is less than 5 °C, heat should be applied to a maximum temperature of
75 °C to remove condensation.
7.6 Production test, reference criteria
The requirements in 8.2 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
The requirements for impact testing of production control test plates are not applicable to nickel and its
alloys; 8.2 a) of EN 13445-4:2014 is not applicable.
Production control test plates for nickel and nickel alloys vessels shall be carried out in accordance with
8.2 d) of EN 13445-4:2014.
7.7 Extent of testing
The requirements of 8.3 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:
Table 8.3-1 shall be replaced by Table 7.7-1 below:
Table 7.7–1 — Testing of production test plates
a b
Material Group Thickness of test plate e Test specimens
mm
All e ≤ 12 1 FB, 1 RB, 1 TT, 1 Ma, 1 Mi
c
12 < e 2 SB , 1 TT, 1Ma, 1Mi

a
Thinner plate thickness.
b
The symbols for Table 7.7–1 are given in Table 8.3–2 of EN 13445–4:2014.
c
SB = side bends
7.8 Performance of test and acceptance criteria
The requirements in 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.5, 8.4.6, 8.4.7, 8.4.9 and 8.4.10 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall
apply.
7.9 Forming procedures
7.9.1 Cold forming
Cold forming of nickel and nickel alloy materials shall be carried out at temperatures below 300 °C. It is
preferable that nickel and nickel alloys are cold formed whenever possible.
7.9.2 Hot forming
The requirements in 9.3.2 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
9

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
Hot forming of nickel and nickel alloy materials shall be carried out in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations such that grain boundary liquation and overheating is avoided.
The material shall be heated uniformly without flame impingement.
NOTE Most fuels may be used provided that detrimental impurities, such as sulphur, are kept at low levels.
Nickel and nickel alloys shall be cleaned before heating.
Embrittlement by low melting point metals such as sulphur, phosphorus, lead, zinc and their alloys can
occur from marking materials, die lubricants, pickling liquids, and any waste products encountered
during the manufacturing process. Care should be taken to avoid contact with any foreign substances
which may be taken into the surface of the material at elevated temperatures
7.10 Heat treatment after forming
7.10.1 General
Heat treatment after hot or cold forming shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of
7.10.2, 7.10.3 or 7.10.4.
7.10.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming
The requirements of 9.4.2 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming shall be carried out in accordance with the material
manufacturer's recommendations, when required by Table 7.10-1.
Table 7.10–1 — Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming
Material groups Ratio of deformation F Heat treatment

41 F ≤ 10 % No
41 F > 10 % Yes, annealing
42–48 F ≤ 5 % No
42–48 F > 5 % Yes, annealing

7.10.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming
The requirements of 9.4.3 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming shall be carried out in accordance with the
material manufacturer's recommendations, when required by Table 7.10-2.
10

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
Table 7.10–2 — Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming
Material groups Bending radius for the tube Heat treatment
R
41 R ≥ 1,3 D No
e
41 R < 1,3 D Yes, annealing
e
42–48 R ≥ 2,5 D No
e
42–48 R < 2,5 D Yes, annealing
e
NOTE It should be noted that the degree of deformation at a bending radius of 1,3 D exceeds 5 %.
e

7.10.4 Heat treatment after hot forming
The requirements of 9.4.5 and 9.4.6 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of
nickel and nickel alloys.
Heat treatment of nickel and nickel alloys is required after hot forming; this shall be carried out in
accordance with the material manufacturer's recommendations.
7.11 Sampling of formed products
7.11.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment
The requirements of 9.5.1 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
If heat treatment is not required by Table 7.10-1 or Table 7.10-2 after cold forming of plates or tubes,
mechanical testing is not required.
7.11.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment
The requirements of 9.5.2 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
Compliance with material specifications shall be verified by means of one of the following:
— test coupons taken from excess length of formed part;
— alternatively separately formed test coupons heat treated together with the formed parts;
— separately formed test coupons simulated heat treated.
The following number of test coupons shall be taken from each cast of material:
a) one test coupon from a batch of up to 10 parts;
b) two test coupons from a batch of up to 25 parts;
c) three test coupons from a batch of up to 100 parts;
d) one test coupon for every further 100 parts.
11

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST EN 13445-10:2016
EN 13445-10:2015 (E)
7.12 Tests
7.12.1 Base material
The requirements of 9.6.1 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
One tensile test specimen shall be taken from each test coupon required by 7.11.2. Test specimens shall
be taken transverse to the rolling direction wherever possible.
7.12.2 Butt welds
The requirements of 9.6.2 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
Where multiple parts are formed after being welded together, one all weld metal tensile test specimen
shall be taken from the weld metal, for each welding procedure specification (WPS), each cast of filler
metal used and for each formed product.
7.13 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)
The requirements of Clause 10 of EN 13445-4:2014 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of
nickel and nickel alloys.
The following shall apply:
a) post weld heat treatment is not normally necessary for welded nickel or nickel alloy press
...