SIST EN ISO 9169:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 9169:2007
01-januar-2007
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Air quality - Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic
measuring system (ISO 9169:2006)
Luftbeschaffenheit - Definition und Ermittlung von Verfahrenskenngrößen einer
automatischen Messeinrichtung (ISO 9169:2006)
Qualité de l'air - Définition et détermination de caractéristiques de performance d'un
systeme automatique de mesurage (ISO 9169:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9169:2006
ICS:
13.040.01 Kakovost zraka na splošno Air quality in general
SIST EN ISO 9169:2007 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 9169
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2006
ICS 13.040.01

English Version
Air quality - Definition and determination of performance
characteristics of an automatic measuring system (ISO
9169:2006)
Qualité de l'air - Définition et détermination de Luftbeschaffenheit - Definition und Ermittlung von
caractéristiques de performance d'un système automatique Verfahrenskenngrößen einer automatischen
de mesurage (ISO 9169:2006) Messeinrichtung (ISO 9169:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 9169:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN ISO 9169:2006 (E)





Foreword


This document (EN ISO 9169:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146
"Air quality" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 "Air quality", the secretariat
of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2007.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.


Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 9169:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9169:2006 without any
modifications.

2

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9169
Second edition
2006-07-01


Air quality — Definition and
determination of performance
characteristics of an automatic
measuring system
Qualité de l'air — Définition et détermination de caractéristiques de
performance d'un système automatique de mesurage




Reference number
ISO 9169:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 9169:2006(E)
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©  ISO 2006
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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ISO 9169:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
2.1 General terms. 1
2.2 Performance characteristics . 5
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 7
4 Terms of reference of the test programme .9
5 Performance characteristics . 10
5.1 Basic requirements. 10
5.2 Performance characteristics under laboratory conditions . 11
5.3 Performance characteristics under field conditions. 11
6 Test methods. 11
6.1 General requirements. 11
6.2 Requirements on the testing laboratory. 12
6.3 Response time and minimum averaging time under stable laboratory conditions. 12
6.4 Repeatability, lack of fit and limit of detection under stable laboratory conditions. 14
6.5 Repeatability of the calibration method specified in the terms of reference under stable
laboratory conditions . 20
6.6 Drift under stable laboratory conditions . 20
6.7 Sensitivity coefficients of interferent influence quantities under stable laboratory
conditions. 21
6.8 Sensitivity to external influence quantities under stable laboratory conditions . 22
6.9 Standard deviation of paired measurements under field conditions. 23
6.10 Drift under field conditions. 24
6.11 Availability under field conditions . 24
7 Test report . 24
Annex A (informative) Examples . 26
Bibliography . 31

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ISO 9169:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9169 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 4, General
aspects.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9169:1994), of which it constitutes a technical
revision, and ISO 6879:1995.

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ISO 9169:2006(E)
Introduction
In this International Standard, automatic air quality measuring systems are considered as black boxes
operated according to specified procedures as described in the terms of reference given by the client to the
laboratory performing the tests aiming at determining performance characteristics selected by the client for
each automatic measuring system.
This International Standard specifies definitions and methods to determine performance characteristics of
automatic air quality measuring systems. This is done for most performance characteristics under steady
laboratory conditions so as to have available data on clearly defined characteristics, based on specified
conditions that can be adjusted and maintained in laboratory. This is also done under field conditions for a few
performance characteristics for which field testing provide relevant additional information.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9169:2006(E)

Air quality — Definition and determination of performance
characteristics of an automatic measuring system
1 Scope
This International Standard provides definitions and specifies methods to determine performance
characteristics of an identified automatic air quality measuring system. Tests are carried out under stable
laboratory conditions or field conditions. The automatic measuring system is considered as a black box
operated according to specified procedures.
This International Standard applies to measuring systems for which the following information is available:
⎯ a description of the automatic measuring system providing the result of measurement in the physical unit
of the measurand;
⎯ operating procedures of the automatic measuring system including, where appropriate, the procedures of
routine adjustment, routine verification and calibration;
⎯ terms of reference for the test program specifying the client requirements and test conditions.
This International Standard applies to measuring systems for which it is possible to apply several reference
materials with accepted values with known uncertainty for the measurand, within the range of application.
This International Standard does not specify the number of automatic measuring systems to be tested.
NOTE 1 The number of automatic measuring systems is specified by the client in the terms of reference.
NOTE 2 The list of performance characteristics in this document is limited. Additional performance characteristics can
be specified by the client in the terms of reference, if appropriate.
2 Terms and definitions
[1]
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Definitions taken from VIM are
generally kept identical. Some definitions have been adapted from VIM to take into account the specific
wordings of the present International Standard.
2.1 General terms
2.1.1
measuring system
complete set of measuring instruments and other equipment with operating procedures to carry out specified
air quality measurements
NOTE 1 Adapted from VIM:1993, 4.5.
NOTE 2 In general, a measuring system encompasses the different steps of the measurement process, such as taking
the sample, the analytical quantification, etc.
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
2.1.2
automatic measuring system
AMS
measuring system interacting with the air under investigation, returning an output signal proportional to the
physical unit of the measurand in unattended operation
NOTE The air under investigation includes, e.g. ambient air and emissions.
2.1.3
continuous automatic measuring system
automatic measuring system providing a continuous signal upon continuous interaction with the air mass
under investigation
2.1.4
discontinuous automatic measuring system
automatic measuring system providing a series of discrete signals
NOTE Each discrete signal corresponds to the averaging time for field operation specified in the terms of reference.
2.1.5
adjustment
〈automatic measuring system〉 operation of bringing an automatic measuring system into a state of
performance suitable for its use
NOTE 1 Adapted from VIM:1993, 4.30.
NOTE 2 Adjustment may be automatic, semi-automatic or manual.
2.1.6
primary result of measurement
result of measurement produced by an automatic measuring system measuring the measurand over the
shortest period of time for which valid measurements can be obtained and used by the automatic measuring
system to calculate the result of measurement over the specified averaging period for routine field operations
of the automatic measurement system
NOTE For continuous automatic measurement systems, primary results of measurement are typically obtained for
time periods of 1 s to 100 s, while the typical averaging time is 1 h in ambient air measurements and 30 min in emission
measurements. For discontinuous automatic measuring systems, one primary measurement result is typically obtained for
a cycle of a few minutes.
2.1.7
time interval for the primary measurement result
shortest period of time for which valid measurements can be obtained and used by the automatic measuring
system to calculate the measurement result over the specified averaging period during routine functioning of
the automatic measurement system
2.1.8
averaging time
minimum time interval equal to a stated multiple of the response time
NOTE See 6.3.1.
2.1.9
averaging time for field operation
time interval used by the automatic measuring system to produce routine results of measurement under
normal (or envisaged) field operations
NOTE 1 Examples of averaging time for field operations are half an hour for emission measurements and one hour for
ambient air measurements.
NOTE 2 The averaging time for field operation may be too long to be used during laboratory tests. Therefore, an
averaging time for laboratory test (2.1.10) is defined and specified.
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
2.1.10
averaging time for laboratory test
time interval used for laboratory test and specified in such a way that
⎯ the duration of the test is limited to minimize the possible drift effect during the test as well as the cost of
the test;
⎯ all conditions and influences may be considered as equal under steady laboratory conditions (e.g.
insignificant drift effects);
⎯ the number of primary results of measurement collected over the averaging time is equal to the number of
primary results of measurement collected over the intended averaging time for routine field operations.
NOTE See 6.4.1.
2.1.11
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[VIM:1993, 2.6]
NOTE In the field of air quality, the measurand is, e.g. the mass concentration of particulate matter or SO in air.
2
2.1.12
interferent
interfering substance
substance present in the air mass under investigation, other than the measurand, that affects the response
2.1.13
influence quantity
quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of measurement (VIM:1993, 2.7), either an
interferent influence quantity (i.e. the concentration of a substance in the air under investigation that is not the
measurand), or an external influence quantity (i.e. a quantity that is not the measurand nor the concentration
of a substance in the air mass under investigation)
EXAMPLE Examples include:
⎯ presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix (interferent influence quantity);
⎯ temperature of the surrounding air (external influence quantity);
⎯ atmospheric pressure (external influence quantity); and
⎯ pressure of the gas sample (external influence quantity).
2.1.14
reference material
RM
material or substance for which one or more properties are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to
be used for the calibration and/or the validation of a measuring system
NOTE 1 Adapted from VIM:1993, 6.13 and ISO 11095:1996, 3.1.
NOTE 2 A reference material can be a pure or mixed gas, liquid or solid.
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
2.1.15
certified reference material
reference material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by a
procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the property values are
expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of confidence
[VIM:1993, 6.14]
2.1.16
basic state
specific state of an automatic measuring system for use as a base for the evaluation of actual states of the
automatic measuring system
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 11843-1:1997, 2.
NOTE 2 The use of a zero reference gas may establish the basic state. Very often in the air quality field, “zero
reference gas” is simply called “zero gas”.
2.1.17
span level
level of concentration in the upper range of testing
NOTE Usually, span level is at 80 % of the intended upper limit of measurement.
2.1.18
calibration
set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between the output of the
automatic measuring system and the corresponding value given by the applicable reference
NOTE 1 Adapted from VIM:1993, 6.11 and ISO 11095:1996, Clause 4.
NOTE 2 The result of a calibration permits either the assignment of values of measurands to the indications or the
determination of corrections with respect to indications.
NOTE 3 A calibration can also provide other metrological properties such as the effect of influence quantities.
NOTE 4 The result of a calibration should be recorded in a document, sometimes called a calibration certificate or a
calibration report.
NOTE 5 Calibration as defined here is different from a simple check, i.e. checking without any adjustment that the
automatic measuring system is still operating in the specified range. It is also different from a routine adjustment.
NOTE 6 The applicable reference can be a reference material (in the case of automatic ambient air quality measuring
systems) or a standard reference method (in the case of automatic emission measuring systems).
2.1.19
expanded uncertainty
quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large
fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
[GUM:1995, 2.3.5]
NOTE The fraction may be viewed as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval.
2.1.20
linearity
maximum deviation between a linear calibration curve and the true value of the measurand, evaluated in
practice as the maximum lack of fit within the measuring range
NOTE See 2.2.9.
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
2.1.21
memory effect
effect of previous values of the measurand on the current measurement results
2.1.22
parallel measurements
measurements by different measuring systems with sampling the same air over the same time period.
2.2 Performance characteristics
2.2.1
fall time
by convention, time taken for the output signal to pass from 90 % to 10 % of the initial output signal produced
by a reference material applied to the automatic measuring system, when the application of this reference
material is abruptly terminated to put the automatic measuring system in the basic state
NOTE For instruments where transient oscillations occur in approach to the final output signal, the 10 % of the initial
output signal is considered as reached when the oscillations in the vicinity of the final output signal fall to less than 10 % of
the initial output signal.
2.2.2
lag time
by convention, time taken for the output signal to reach 10 % of the final change in the output signal when a
step function is applied by applying a reference material to the automatic measuring system initially in the
basic state
2.2.3
rise time
by convention, time taken for the output signal to pass from 10 % to 90 % of the final change in the output
signal when a reference material is abruptly applied to the automatic measuring system initially in the basic
state.
NOTE For instruments where transient oscillations occur in approach to the final output signal, 90 % of the final
change is considered as reached when the oscillations fall to less than 10 % of the final change in the output signal
2.2.4
response time
time interval between the instant when a stimulus is subjected to a specified abrupt change and the instant
when the response reaches and remains within specified limits around its final stable value (VIM:1993, 5.17),
determined as the sum of the lag time and the rise time in the rising mode, and the sum of the lag time and
the fall time in the falling mode
2.2.5
repeatability
ability of an automatic measuring system to provide closely similar indications for repeated applications of the
same measurand under the same conditions of measurement
NOTE 1 Adapted from VIM:1993, 5.27.
NOTE 2 These conditions include:
⎯ same measurement procedure;
⎯ same measuring equipment used under the same conditions;
⎯ same location;
⎯ repetition over a short period of time.
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
NOTE 3 Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the measurement
results of an automatic measuring system.
NOTE 4 The repeatability conditions selected in this International Standard are specified in Clause 6. These
specifications are aimed at providing the user with an evaluation of the maximum difference that can be found, with 95 %
statistical confidence, between two measurement results obtained:
⎯ from the same automatic measuring system;
⎯ operated according to the same operating procedures;
⎯ at the same measurement location and under the conditions prevailing at this location (either laboratory or field);
⎯ during a period of time short enough not to be sensitive to drift effects;
⎯ at different times during the period of unattended operation.
2.2.6
reproducibility
closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same measurand carried out under
changed conditions of measurement
NOTE 1 Adapted from VIM:1993, 3.7.
NOTE 2 The changed conditions may include the measuring system but not the measurement procedure.
NOTE 3 Reproducibility may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the
measurements results of an automatic measuring system.
NOTE 4 The reproducibility conditions selected in this International Standard are specified in Clause 6. These
specifications are aimed at providing the user with an evaluation of the maximum difference that may be found, with 95 %
statistical confidence, between two measurement results obtained:
⎯ from two automatic measuring systems meeting the same specification;
⎯ operated according to the same specified operating procedures and each system being calibrated with its own
reference;
⎯ at the same measurement location and under the conditions prevailing at this location (either laboratory or field);
⎯ by parallel measurements during the same period of time;
⎯ spread over the period of unattended operation.
2.2.7
availability
fraction of the total time that the automatic measuring system is operational and for which valid measuring
data are available
2.2.8
drift
change over time of a metrological characteristic (generally an output quantity) of the measuring system
NOTE Adapted from VIM:1993, 5.16.
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
2.2.9
lack of fit
systematic deviation, within the range of application, between the accepted value of a reference material
applied to the measuring system and the corresponding result of measurement produced by the measuring
system
NOTE 1 Lack of fit can be a function of the result of measurement.
NOTE 2 Since bias is considered as too specific and too difficult to be determined experimentally, the concept of lack
of fit is used in this document.
NOTE 3 See 2.1.20.
2.2.10
limit of detection
minimum value of the measurand for which the measuring system is not in the basic state, with a stated
probability
NOTE The limit of detection, also referred to as capability of detection, is defined by reference to the applicable basic
state. But it may be different from zero, for instance for oxygen measurement as well as when gas chromatographs are
used.
2.2.11
period of unattended operation
maximum interval of time for which the performance characteristics remains within a predefined range without
external servicing, e.g. refill, adjustment
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
A availability
A intercept of the regression function applied in the drift test at the accepted value of the measurand
i
for each reference material RM
i
B drift at the accepted value of the measurand in reference material RM
i i
C accepted value of the measurand (concentration) in reference material RM
i i
C accepted value of the measurand (concentration) in reference material RM of the basic state
0 0
E residual (lack of fit) representing the difference between the accepted value C of RM and the
i i i
average Y of the results of measurement obtained by the measuring system for this reference
i
material
E relative value of residual E (relative lack of fit)
i,rel i
IS interfering substance in the sample applied to the measuring system
k concentration number of the interferent substance; level number of the influence quantity
m number of repetitions
n number of measurements
p number of reference materials
PI external influence quantity applied to the measuring system
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ISO 9169:2006(E)
r repeatability limit at 95 % confidence
0,95
R correlation factor
i
RM reference material
RM ith r
...