SIST EN 60086-1:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60086-1:2007
01-december-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60086-1:2002
Primarne baterije - 1. del: Splošno (IEC 60086-1:2006)
Primary batteries - Part 1: General
Primärbatterien - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Piles électriques - Partie 1: Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60086-1:2007
ICS:
29.220.10 3ULPDUQLþOHQLLQEDWHULMH Primary cells and batteries
SIST EN 60086-1:2007 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60086-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2007
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 60086-1:2001


English version


Primary batteries -
Part 1: General
(IEC 60086-1:2006)


Piles électriques -  Primärbatterien -
Partie 1: Généralités Teil 1: Allgemeines
(CEI 60086-1:2006) (IEC 60086-1:2006)




This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60086-1:2007 E

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EN 60086-1:2007 - 2 -

Foreword
The text of document 35/1244/FDIS, future edition 10 of IEC 60086-1, prepared by IEC TC 35, Primary
cells and batteries, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60086-1 on 2007-02-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60086-1:2001.
The major technical changes concern the addition of "Test condition tolerances" in 6.6 and the
standardization of the "Z" electrochemical system (Nickel oxyhydroxide) included in Table 3.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2007-11-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2010-02-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60086-1:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________

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- 3 - EN 60086-1:2007


Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60086-2 - Primary batteries – EN 60086-2 2007
Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications


1) 2)
IEC 60086-3 - Primary batteries – EN 60086-3 2005
Part 3: Watch batteries


2)
IEC 60086-4 1) Primary batteries – EN 60086-4 2000
-
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries


1) 2)
IEC 60086-5 - Primary batteries –- EN 60086-5 2005
Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous
electrolyte


1)
IEC 60410 - Sampling plans and procedures for - -
inspection by attributes


1) 2)
IEC 61429 - Marking of secondary cells and batteries EN 61429 1996
3)
with the international recycling symbol + corr. October 1998
ISO 7000-1135 + A11 1998


1)
ISO/IEC Directives - Procedures for the technical work - -
Part 1


ISO 3951 Series Sampling procedures for inspection by - -
variables





1)
 Undated reference.
2)
 Valid edition at date of issue.
3)
Title changed to read "Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling symbol
ISO 7000-1135 and indications regarding directives 93/86/EEC and 91/157/EEC".

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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC



60086-1
INTERNATIONAL


Dixième édition
STANDARD

Tenth edition

2006-12


Piles électriques –
Partie 1:
Généralités

Primary batteries –
Part 1:
General
© IEC 2007 Droits de reproduction réservés ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
X
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.9
INTRODUCTION.13

1 Scope.15
2 Normative references .15
3 Terms and definitions .15
4 Requirements .21
4.1 General .21
4.1.1 Design.21
4.1.2 Battery dimensions .21
4.1.3 Terminals .21
4.1.4 Classification (electrochemical system) .27
4.1.5 Designation .29
4.1.6 Marking .29
4.1.7 Interchangeability: battery voltage .29
4.2 Performance.31
4.2.1 Discharge performance.31
4.2.2 Dimensional stability.31
4.2.3 Leakage .31
4.2.4 Open-circuit voltage limits .33
4.2.5 Service output .33
4.2.6 Safety.33
5 Performance – Testing .33
5.1 General .33
5.2 Discharge testing .33
5.2.1 Application tests .33
5.2.2 Service output tests.35
5.3 Conformance check to a specified minimum average duration .35
5.4 Calculation method of the specified value of minimum average duration.35
5.5 OCV testing.35
5.6 Battery dimensions.35
5.7 Leakage and deformation .37
6 Performance – Test conditions .37
6.1 Pre-discharge conditioning .37
6.2 Commencement of discharge tests after storage .37
6.3 Discharge test conditions .39
6.4 Load resistance.39
6.5 Time periods .39
6.6 Test condition tolerances .39
6.7 Activation of ‘P’-system batteries.41
6.8 Measuring equipment .41
6.8.1 Voltage measurement.41
6.8.2 Mechanical measurement .41
7 Sampling and quality assurance .41
7.1 Sampling .41
7.1.1 Testing by attributes .41

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 5 –
7.1.2 Testing by variables .41
7.2 Product quality indices .43
7.2.1 Capability index (c ) .43
p
7.2.2 Capability index (c ) .43
pk
7.2.3 Performance index (p ) .43
p
7.2.4 Performance index (p ).43
pk
8 Battery packaging.45

Annex A (normative) Guidelines for the standardization of batteries.47
Annex B (normative) Equipment design .49
Annex C (normative) Designation system (nomenclature) .53
Annex D (normative) Calculation method for the specified value of minimum average
duration .77
Annex E (normative) Code of practice for packaging, shipment, storage, use and
disposal of primary batteries .79
Annex F (informative) Standard discharge voltage U – Definition and method of
s
determination.85
Annex G (informative) Preparation of standard methods of measuring performance
(SMMP) of consumer goods.93

Bibliography.95

Figure 1 – Schematic voltage transient .17
Figure 2 – Stud .25
Figure C.1 – Designation system for round batteries: Ø < 100 mm; height A < 100 mm.61
Figure C.2 – Designation system for round batteries: Ø ≥100 mm; height A ≥100 mm.67
Figure C.3 – Designation system for non round batteries, dimensions <100 mm .69
Figure C.4 – Designation system for non round batteries, dimensions ≥100 mm .71
Figure F.1 – Normalized C/R-plot (schematic).87
Figure F.2 – Standard discharge voltage (schematic).89

Table 1 – Spacing of contacts.25
Table 2 – Snap fastener connectors.25
Table 3 – Standardized electrochemical systems .27
Table 4 – Conditions for storage before and during discharge testing .37
Table 5 – Resistive loads for new tests .39
Table 6 – Time periods for new tests .39
Table 7 – Test condition tolerances .41
Table C.1 – Physical designation and dimensions of round cells and batteries.55
Table C.2 – Physical designation and nominal overall dimensions of flat cells .57
Table C.3 – Physical designation and dimensions of square cells and batteries .57
Table C.4 – Diameter code for recommended diameters .63

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 7 –
Table C.5 – Diameter code for non-recommended diameters .63
Table C.6 – Height code for denoting the hundredths of a millimetre of height .65
Table C.7 – Height code for discrimination per tenth of a millimetre .71
Table C.8 – Physical designation and dimensions of round cells and batteries based on
Clause C.2.73
Table C.9 – Physical designation and dimensions of non-round batteries based on
Clause C.2.75
Table F.1 – Standard discharge voltage by system .91

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

PRIMARY BATTERIES –

Part 1: General


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60086-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 35:
Primary cells and batteries.
This tenth edition cancels and replaces the ninth edition (2000) and constitutes a technical
revision.
The major technical changes concern the addition of "Test condition tolerances" in 6.6
and the standardization of the "Z" electrochemical system (Nickel oxyhydroxide) included in
Table 3.
This bilingual version (2007-03) replaces the English version.

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 11 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
35/1244/FDIS 35/1247/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60086 series, under the general title Primary batteries, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 13 –
INTRODUCTION
The technical content of this part of IEC 60086 provides fundamental requirements and
information on primary cells and batteries. In this sense, IEC 60086-1 is the main component
of the IEC 60086 series and forms the basis for the subsequent parts. For example, this part
includes elementary information on definitions, nomenclature, dimensions and marking. While
specific requirements are included, the content of this part tends to explain methodology (how)
and justification (why).
Over the years, this part has been changed to improve its content and remains under
continual scrutiny to ensure that the publication is kept up to date with the advances in both
battery and battery-powered device technologies.
NOTE Safety information is available in IEC 60086-4, IEC 60086-5 and IEC 62281.

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 15 –
PRIMARY BATTERIES –

Part 1: General



1 Scope
The purpose of this part of IEC 60086 is to standardize primary batteries with respect to their
electrochemical system, dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test
methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects.
NOTE The requirements justifying the inclusion or the ongoing retention of batteries in the IEC 60086 series are
given in Annex A.
The objective of IEC 60086-1 is to benefit primary battery users, device designers and battery
manufacturers by ensuring that batteries from different manufacturers are interchangeable
according to standard form, fit and function. Furthermore, to ensure compliance with the
above, this part specifies standard test methods for testing primary cells and batteries.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60086-2, Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
IEC 60086-3, Primary batteries – Part 3: Watch batteries
IEC 60086-4, Primary batteries – Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
IEC 60086-5, Primary batteries – Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
IEC 60410, Sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes
IEC 61429, Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling symbol
ISO 7000-1135
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the technical work
ISO 3951 (all parts as applicable), Sampling procedures for inspection by variables
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in IEC 60050-482 (some of which are
repeated below for convenience), as well as the following definitions, apply.

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 17 –
3.1
application test
simulation of the actual use of a battery in a specific application
3.2
discharge (of a primary battery)
operation during which a battery delivers current to an external circuit
[IEV 482-03-23:2004, modified]
3.3
dry (primary) battery
primary battery in which the liquid electrolyte is immobilized
[IEV 482-04-14:2004, modified]
3.4
effective internal resistance – DC method
resistance of any electrical component determined by calculating the ratio between the
voltage drop ΔU across this component and the range of current Δi passing through this
component and causing the voltage drop R = ΔU / Δi
NOTE As an analogy, the internal d.c. resistance of any electrochemical cell is defined by the following relation:
ΔU (V)
R (Ω) = (1)
i
Δi (A)
The internal d.c. resistance is illustrated by the schematic voltage transient as given below:

U (i )
1 1
U ƒ(i , t)
2 = 2
U (i )
2 2
Δt Δt′
t
t t t
1 2 3
IEC  2217/06

Figure 1 – Schematic voltage transient
As can be seen from this diagram, the voltage drop ΔU of the two components differs in
nature, as shown in the following relation:
ΔU = ΔU + ΔU (t) (2)
Ω
The first component ΔU for (t = t ) is independent of time, and results from the increase in
Ω 1
current Δi according to the relation:
ΔU = Δi × R (3)
Ω Ω
ΔU
U
ΔU
ΔU(t)
Ω
ΔU′
Ω

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 19 –
In this relation, R is a pure ohmic resistance. The second component ΔU(t) is time dependent
Ω
and is of electrochemical origin.
3.5
end-point voltage
EV
specified voltage of a battery at which the battery discharge is terminated
[IEV 482-03-30:2004, modified]
3.6
leakage
unplanned escape of electrolyte, gas or other material from a battery
[IEV 482-02-32:2004, modified]
3.7
minimum average duration
MAD
minimum average time on discharge which shall be met by a sample of batteries
NOTE The discharge test is carried out according to the specified methods or standards and designed to show
conformity with the standard applicable to the battery types.
3.8
nominal voltage of a primary battery
V
n
suitable approximate value of voltage used to identify the voltage of a primary battery
[IEV 482-03-31:2004, modified]
3.9
on-load voltage
closed-circuit voltage
CCV
voltage across the terminals of a battery when it is on discharge
[IEV 482-03-28:2004, modified]
3.10
open-circuit voltage
off-load voltage
OCV
voltage across the terminals of a battery when no current is flowing
[IEV 482-03-32:2004, modified]
3.11
primary battery
one or more primary cells, including case, terminals and marking
3.12
primary cell
source of electrical energy obtained by the direct conversion of chemical energy, that is not
designed to be charged by any other electrical source
[IEV 482-01-02:2004, modified]

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 – 21 –
3.13
service output (of a primary battery)
service life, or capacity, or energy output of a battery under specified conditions of discharge
3.14
service output test
test designed to measure the service output of a battery
NOTE A service output test may be prescribed, for example, when
a) an application test is too complex to replicate;
b) the duration of an application test would make it impractical for routine testing purposes .
3.15
storage life
duration under specified conditions at the end of which a battery retains its ability to perform a
specified service output
[IEV 482-03-47:2004, modified]
3.16
terminals (of a primary battery)
conductive parts provided for the connection of a battery to external conductors
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Design
Primary batteries are sold mainly in consumer markets. In recent years, they have become
more sophisticated in both chemistry and construction, for example both capacity and rate
capability have increased to meet the growing demands from new, battery-powered
equipment technology.
When designing primary batteries, the aforementioned considerations shall be taken into
account. Specifically, their dimensional conformity and stability, their physical and electrical
performance and their safe operation under normal use and foreseeable mis-use conditions
shall be assured.
Additionally, information on equipment design can be found in Annex B.
4.1.2 Battery dimensions
The dimensions for individual types of batteries are given in IEC 60086-2 and IEC 60086-3.
4.1.3 Terminals
Terminals shall be in accordance with Clause 7 of IEC 60086-2.
Their physical shape shall be designed in such a way that they ensure that the batteries make
and maintain good electrical contact at all times.
They shall be made of materials that provide adequate electrical conductivity and corrosion
protection.

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60086-1 © IEC:2007 –
...