Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Guidelines to characterize natural stone used in cultural heritage

This document specifies a methodology for the characterisation of sound or deteriorated stones by using the most appropriate analytical techniques on samples taken from the site. This document does not include guidelines specific to archaeometric investigation or stone replacements.

Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Leitfaden zur Charakterisierung von Naturstein in der Denkmalpflege

Dieses Dokument legt das Vorgehen zur Charakterisierung unverwitterter und verwitterter Natursteine durch geeignete Untersuchungsmethoden an Materialproben, die vom Objekt entnommen wurden, fest.
Die Norm beinhaltet einen Leitfaden für die Auswahl von Untersuchungsmethoden der mineralogischen, physikalischen, chemischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von Naturstein an Objekten des kulturellen Erbes. Die Informationen dieser Norm können zur Gesteinsklassifizierung, zur Bewertung des Erhaltungszustands unter Berücksichtigung der Konservierbarkeit und Erhaltungsfähigkeit, sowie zum Verständnis der Zerfalls- und Verwitterungprozesse von Naturstein dienen. Wo es möglich ist, wird auf bestehende Normen Bezug genommen. Es werden Anleitungen für abweichende Probenanforderungen und zusätzliche Untersuchungsmethoden gegeben. Die hier beschriebenen Untersuchungsmethoden sind größtenteils zerstörend, wobei gegebenenfalls alternativ auch zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden (ZfP) zur Anwendung kommen können.
Die zur Anwendung kommenden Untersuchungsmethoden für Naturstein sind abhängig vom Zweck der Untersuchung. Diese Norm dient der Festlegung von Art, Ausmaß und Zielsetzung der durchzuführenden Untersuchungen.

Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Guide pour la caractérisation de la pierre naturelle utilisée dans les biens culturels

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de caractérisation des pierres saines ou détériorées, impliquant la mise en œuvre des techniques analytiques les plus appropriées sur des échantillons prélevés sur le bien culturel.
La présente norme donne des indications relatives à la sélection des méthodes de détermination des propriétés minéralogiques, physiques, chimiques et mécaniques des pierres naturelles utilisées dans le patrimoine culturel matériel. Ces informations sont utilisées pour définir la typologie des roches et évaluer l'état de préservation des pierres à des fins de conservation, ainsi que pour comprendre le processus de détérioration des pierres naturelles. Dans la mesure du possible, il est fait référence à d'autres normes existantes et des indications sont données lorsque différentes éprouvettes sont nécessaires et que des méthodes supplémentaires sont utilisées. Dans une large mesure, les méthodes décrites ci-après sont destructives ; il se peut néanmoins que des méthodes alternatives d'essai non destructif puissent être utilisées dans certains cas.
Les méthodes utilisées pour l'analyse de la pierre peuvent varier en fonction de leurs objectifs. La présente norme sert à déterminer le type, l'étendue ainsi que les objectifs des examens à effectuer.

Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Smernice za določanje lastnosti naravnega kamna, ki se uporablja pri kulturni dediščini

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
07-May-2015
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
15-Apr-2015
Due Date
20-Jun-2015
Completion Date
08-May-2015

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Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Leitfaden zur Charakterisierung von Naturstein in der DenkmalpflegeConservation du patrimoine culturel - Guide pour la caractérisation de la pierre naturelle utilisée dans les biens culturelsConservation of Cultural Heritage - Guidelines to characterize natural stone used in cultural heritage97.195Umetniški in obrtniški izdelkiItems of art and handicraftsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16515:2015SIST EN 16515:2015en,fr,de01-junij-2015SIST EN 16515:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 16515:2015



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16515
April 2015 ICS 97.195 English Version
Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Guidelines to characterize natural stone used in cultural heritage
Conservation du patrimoine culturel - Lignes directrices pour la caractérisation de la pierre naturelle utilisée dans le patrimoine culturel
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Leitfaden zur Charakterisierung von Naturstein in der Denkmalpflege This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16515:2015 ESIST EN 16515:2015



EN 16515:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Preliminary operations .6 4.1 Initial survey .6 4.2 Sampling .7 5 Methodology to characterize sound and deteriorated material .7 5.1 Visual examination of specimens .7 5.2 Examination under petrographic microscope .7 5.3 Mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) .8 5.4 Micro-structural examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy .8 5.5 Chemical analysis .8 5.6 Physical properties .8 5.6.1 General .8 5.6.2 Density, porosity and pore size distribution .8 5.6.3 Hydric behaviour.9 5.6.4 Colour .9 5.7 Mechanical properties .9 5.7.1 General .9 5.7.2 Compressive Strength .9 5.7.3 Flexural strength .9 5.7.4 Static modulus of elasticity .9 5.7.5 Dynamic modulus of elasticity .9 5.7.6 Sound speed propagation . 10 6 Characterization report . 10 Bibliography . 11
SIST EN 16515:2015



EN 16515:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16515:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16515:2015



EN 16515:2015 (E) 4 Introduction The characterization of a stone is an essential step for a conservation plan, in order to decide on appropriate remedial interventions, to achieve better working practices, and technologies for conservation interventions including stone replacements. Therefore, it is important that it is achieved through a consistent and uniform methodology. This document provides cultural heritage professionals with a guidance for a common methodology for the characterization of stones used in cultural heritage. This information is used to define nature (petrography or mineralogy and texture) and properties (chemical, physical and mechanical) of stone. The characterization of stones used in cultural heritage should be carried out and interpreted by professionals experienced in the field of materials science and/or conservation/restoration. SIST EN 16515:2015



EN 16515:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a methodology for the characterization of sound or deteriorated stones by using the most appropriate analytical techniques on samples taken from the object. This European Standard contains guidelines for the selection of methods to determine mineralogical, textural, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of natural stone used in cultural heritage monuments and objects. This information is used to define rock typology and to evaluate the stone’s condition with respect to its conservation as well as for understanding of deterioration processes of natural stone. Where possible existing standards are referred to and guidance provided where different specimens are required and additional methods used. The methods described are generally destructive, however, non-destructive (NDT) methods are always preferable to methods with a minimum of destruction and those are always preferable to destructive methods. Methods used for stone analysis can vary depending upon the objectives of the work. All investigation and analysis need be proportional to the significance of the building or artefact being investigated, its condition and the likely level of intervention. This European Standard will be used to determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination to be made. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1926, Natural stone test methods
EN 1936, open porosity EN 12372, trated load EN 13755,
EN 14146, the fundamental resonance frequency) EN 14579,
EN 14580,
EN 15801, capillarity EN 15803, (/p) EN 15886,
EN 15898, in general terms and definitions EN 16085,
EN 16322,
SIST EN 16515:2015



EN 16515:2015 (E) 6 EN 16455, and related materials used in cultural heritage 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15898 and EN 16085 and the following apply. 3.1 investigation gathering of information necessary for a conservation decision making process 3.2 sample number of specimens of material, ideally representative, removed from the cultural property for scientific investigation [SOURCE: EN 16085, modified] 3.3 sampling process of removing a sample 3.4 specimen single individual piece of stone forming one portion of a sample 3.5 sound material stone showing an un-altered state under visual observation with
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