SIST-TS CEN/TS 15357:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15357:2007
01-marec-2007
Trdno alternativno gorivo - Terminologija, definicije in opisi
Solid recovered fuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen
Combustibles solides de récupération - Terminologie, définitions et descriptions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15357:2006
ICS:
01.040.75 Naftna in sorodna tehnologija Petroleum and related
(Slovarji) technologies (Vocabularies)
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15357:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15357
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
May 2006
ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10

English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
Combustibles solides de récupération - Terminologie, Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen
définions et descriptions und Beschreibungen
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 30 January 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15357:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
Annex A (informative) List of terms defined by EN ISO 9000 .19
Bibliography .21

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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15357:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
Introduction
The drafting of this Technical Specification has been performed in accordance with ISO 10241:1992 [1]
Terms are arranged in alphabetic order.
This Technical Specification aims to provide a comprehensive solid recovered fuel glossary, which adopts,
when available, definitions from applicable Directives providing, when appropriate, notes to make these
definitions understandable without reference to other documents.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the terms:
biomass, biodegradable, co-incineration plant, emission, incineration plant, renewable energy source,
waste, waste supplier
included in this Technical Specification are defined in the following Directives (see Bibliography):
• Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste [2];
• Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the
promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market [3];
• Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the
incineration of waste [4];
• Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste and its following amendments [5].
DG XI Director General communicated to CEN in 1996 that "when a definition exists in a Directive, it not only
applies strictly for the purposes of the Directive, but also to all adjacent work such as that of CEN. No other
definition can be used if not agreed by the Council".
As a consequence, definitions given in European Standards, Technical Specifications or CEN reports cannot
contradict definitions contained in European Legislation.
Many terms defined by EN ISO 9000 are used in the standardisation work within the scope of CEN/TC 343,
especially in the CEN/TS 15358 Solid recovered fuels – Quality management systems – Particular
requirements for their application to the production of solid recovered fuels.
Therefore an informative list of terms defined by EN ISO 9000 is given in Annex A.
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification defines terms concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of
CEN/TC 343, i.e. terms used in the field of production and trade of solid recovered fuels that are prepared
from non-hazardous waste.
NOTE Solid biofuels are covered by the scope of CEN/TC 335.
The embedding of the scope within the waste/solid recovered fuels field is given in Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Linkage between selected terms in the field of waste, recovered fuels and conversion to
end-use energy
Definitions in other standards with a scope different from the scope of this Technical Specification can be
different from the definitions in this Technical Specification.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Specification. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 9000:2000)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 9000:2005 and the
following apply.
3.1
as received
based on material at delivery
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
3.2
ash content
inorganic mass remaining after complete combustion of a solid recovered fuel under specified conditions
expressed as a percentage of the mass of the dry matter in the solid recovered fuel
3.3
ash deformation temperature
temperature at which first signs of rounding due to melting, of the tip or edges of the test piece occur
[CEN/TS 14588:2003] [6]
3.4
ash flow temperature
temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which is half of the
height of the test piece at the hemisphere temperature
3.5
ash fusibility; ash melting behaviour
characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
NOTE 1 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions.
NOTE 2 See also ash deformation temperature, ash flow temperature, ash hemisphere temperature, and ash
sphere temperature.
3.6
ash hemisphere temperature
temperature at which the height of a test piece, prepared from ash by a specific procedure, is equal to half the
width of the base, and its shape becomes approximately hemispherical
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.7
ash sphere temperature
temperature where the height of a pyramidal and truncated-cone test pieces is equal to the width of the base,
or the edges of a cubical or cylindrical test pieces are completely round with the height remaining unchanged
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.8
)
1
biodegradable
capable of undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition
NOTE 1 Biodegradable is understood as material capable of undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition under
conditions naturally occurring in the biosphere
NOTE 2 See also CEN/TR 14980 [15].

1
) This term is defined in Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste [2].
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
3.9
biofuel
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.10
biogenic
produced by living organisms in natural processes but not fossilised or derived from fossil resources
NOTE 1 The term biogenic is used to denote CO -neutral material when degraded under aerobic conditions (e.g.
2
combustion, incineration).
NOTE 2 See also CEN/TR 14980.
3.11
)
2
biomass
biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal
substances) forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal
waste
NOTE 1 Biomass is understood as material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formation or
transformed to fossil.
NOTE 2 See also CEN/TR 14980.
3.12
bridging
tendency of particles to form a stable arch across an opening and hindering flow
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.13
briquette
block or cylinder of solid recovered fuel produced by agglomerating loose material
NOTE 1 The smallest dimension usually is > 25 mm.
NOTE 2 See also pellet.
3.14
bulk density
mass of a portion of a solid recovered fuel divided by the volume of the container which is filled by that
portion under specific conditions
NOTE Adapted from CEN/TS 14588:2003.
3.15
calorific value, heating value
energy amount per unit mass or volume released on complete combustion
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
NOTE See also gross calorific value, energy density, and net calorific value

2
) This term is defined in Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on
the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market [3].
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
3.16
chips
piece with a magnitude of a few centimetres formed by cutting tools
NOTE chips are normally < few centimetres.
3.17
classification of solid recovered fuel
grouping of solid recovered fuels into classes
NOTE The classes are defined by boundary values for chosen fuel characteristics to be used for trading as well as
for information of permitting authorities and other interested parties.
3.18
coefficient of variation
estimate of the standard deviation of a population from a sample of n results divided by the mean of that
sample. Frequently stated as a percentage
NOTE Adapted from Eurachem/Citac Guide CG 4 [13].
3.19
co-incineration
use of waste as a regular or additional fuel in a co-incineration plant
3.20
)
3
co-incineration plant
stationary or mobile plant whose main purpose is the generation of energy or production of material products
and:
— which uses wastes as a regular or additional fuel; or
— in which waste is thermally treated for the purpose of disposal
If co-incineration takes place in such a way that the main purpose of the plant is not the generation of energy
or production of material products but rather the thermal treatment of waste, the plant shall be regarded as an
incineration plant within the meaning of point 4. This definition covers the site and the entire plant including
all co-incineration lines, waste reception, storage, on site pre-treatment facilities, waste, fuel-and air-supply
systems, boiler, facilities for the treatment of exhaust gases, on-site facilities for treatment or storage of
residues and waste water, stack devices and systems for controlling incineration operations, recording and
monitoring incineration conditions;
NOTE 1 See also incineration plant.
NOTE 2 Point 4 of the Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the
incineration of waste gives the definition of "incineration plant".
3.21
collection tray
tray used in manual sampling to collect the material for sampling from the drop flow or a batch transport
system, or, in mechanical sampling, from a batch transport system

3
) This term is defined in Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on
the incineration of waste [4].
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
3.22
combined sample
sample consisting of all the increments taken from a lot
NOTE  The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample.
3.23
common sample
sample collected for more than one intended use
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.24
component of solid recovered fuel
part or portion of a solid recovered fuel that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means
3.25
composition of solid recovered fuel
break down of solid recovered fuels by types of contained materials, e.g. wood, paper, board, textiles,
plastics, rubber.
3.26
delivery agreement
contract for solid recovered fuels trade, which specifies e.g. origin, quality and quantity of the fuel, as well as
delivery terms
3.27
digestion
mineralisation of the organic matter of a sample and dissolution of its mineral part, more or less completely,
when reacted with a reagent mixture
3.28
digestion vessel
special flask where the test portion and the acid mixture are filled in and the digestion is performed
3.29
distribution factor
correction factor for the particle size distribution of the material to be sampled
3.30
drop flow
material flow falling over an overflow point or a drop point in a transport system
3.31
dry
calculation basis in which the solid recovered fuel is free from moisture
3.32
dry ash free
calculation basis in which the solid recovered fuel is free from moisture and inorganic matter
3.33
drying
process of removing water either from a sample or from a laboratory sample
NOTE For the purpose of test sample preparation, it may be useful to remove just the amount of water that could
interfere with other processes involved (e.g. during crushing or milling). In order to minimise the alteration of the solid
recovered fuel during test portion preparation, removing the total amount of water present is not necessarily needed.
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
3.34
dry matter
material after removal of moisture under specific conditions
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.35
dry matter content
portion of dry matter in the total material on mass basis
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
3.36
durability
see mechanical durability
3.37
effective increment size
minimum sample size divided by the number of increments
NOTE The effective increment size shall never be smaller than the minimum increment size.
3.38
effective sample size
effective increment size multiplied by the number of increments
NOTE The effective sample size shall never be smaller than the minimum sample size.
3.39
)
4
emission
direct or indirect release of substances, vibrations, heat or noise from individual or diffuse sources in the plant
into air, water or soil
3.40
energy density
ratio of net energy content and bulk volume
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
NOTE The energy density is calculated using the net calorific value determined and the bulk density.
3.41
flowability
ability of a solid to flow
[CEN/TS 14588:2003]
NOTE See also bridging.
3.42
fluff
loose material of low density and which has the ability to be conveyed by air
NOTE Usually in the range of a few centimetres.

4
) This term is defined in Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on
the incineration of waste [4].
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CEN/TS 15357:2006 (E)
3.43
fraction separation
process of dividing components, particles or layers if homogenisation of the sample is practically not
applicable and/or the analysis of different fractions or phases are
...